Izimpawu Zokucubungula Zemikhiqizo Yokuqamba

I-Forging ingenye yezinqubo ezindala kakhulu futhi ezinokwethenjelwa kakhulu zokwakha insimbi ezisetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni izimboni zanamuhla. Kubandakanya ukubumba insimbi kusetshenziswa amandla okucindezela enziwe endawo, ngokuvamile alethwa ngokusando, ngokucindezelwa, noma ukugingqika. Imikhiqizo etholwe ku-forging yaziwa ngezici zayo eziphakeme zemishini, ubuqotho besakhiwo, kanye nokumelana nokukhathala nomthelela.

Lesi sihloko sihlola i-ukuqamba izici zokucubungula zemikhiqizo yokubumba, okugqamisa ukuthi lezi zici zizuzisa kanjani imikhakha yezimboni ehlukahlukene. Sizofaka izici ezibalulekile njengokuziphatha kokuguquguquka, ukugeleza kokusanhlamvu, amandla emishini, izindlela zokubumba, nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungunjiniyela, isikhulu sokuthengwa kwempahla, noma umhloli wekhwalithi, lo mhlahlandlela ophelele uzokusiza uqonde inani lemikhiqizo yomgunyathi.

Kuyini Ukuqamba?

Ukuqamba kuyinqubo yokukhiqiza lapho insimbi ikhubazeka ngokwepulasitiki ibe yizimo ezifiselekayo ngokusebenzisa amandla acindezelayo. Ngokungafani nokuphonsa noma ukwenza imishini, ukubumba kuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwensimbi, kuthuthukisa amandla, futhi kuqede amaphutha angaphakathi.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana ezivamile zokuqamba:

• I-Open-die forging: Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-forging yamahhala, ifanele izingxenye ezinkulu nezimise okwezifiso.

• I-closed-die forging (i-impression die): Ilungele izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezinevolumu ephezulu ezinokubekezelelana okuqinile.

• Iringithoni: Isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izindandatho ezingenamthungo zama-bearings nama-flanges.

• Ukuganga okubandayo: Kwenziwe ekamelweni lokushisa noma eduze naso ukuze kuqedwe indawo engcono futhi kubekezeleleke kakhudlwana.

sakysteelinikeza imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngokunemba kusetshenziswa amathuluzi okufoja athuthukile kanye nezinqubo zokwelashwa kokushisa kwekhwalithi eziklanyelwe ukucaciswa kwamakhasimende.

1. Ukucwenga Okusanhlamvu kanye Nezici Zokugeleza Kwensimbi

Esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu zokucubungula i-forging ukuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo sokusanhlamvu. Ukugeleza okusanhlamvu kuqondaniswe namakhonsana engxenye, okuholela ku:

• Amandla okuqondisa athuthukisiwe

• Umthelela omkhulu nokumelana nokukhathala

• Ukuqedwa kwe-casting porosity noma ukuncipha

Lokhu kugeleza okusanhlamvu okuqhubekayo ezingxenyeni ezihlanganisiwe kuholelaubuqotho obuphezulu besakhiwouma kuqhathaniswa nezakhi zabalingisi noma ezenziwe ngomshini.

Isibonelo, ama-crankshaft afojiwe nezinduku zokuxhuma zibonisa ukumelana nokukhathala okukhethekile ngenxa yokuma okusanhlamvu okulungiselelwe.

2. Superior Mechanical Properties

I-Forging ithuthukisa izakhiwo zemishini yezinsimbi ngokuqina kokuqina kanye nokuguqulwa okulawulwayo. Izinzuzo ezibalulekile zifaka:

• Amandla okuqina

• Amandla esivuno athuthukisiwe

• Ukuqina okungcono kanye ne-ductility

• Ukumelana okuphezulu nokukhathala okushisayo kanye nomshini

Lezi zithuthukisi zenza imikhiqizo yomgunyathi ilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithwala umthwalo obalulekile.

sakysteelihlinzeka ngamabha akhiwe ngomgunyathi, ama-shaft, amadiski, namaringi ahlangabezana nezidingo ezidingekayo zezakhiwo zemishini ye-aerospace, yasolwandle, nemikhakha yemishini yezimboni.

3. Ukusetshenziswa Kwezinto Ezithuthukisiwe

Izinqubo zokubumba zehlisa udoti wezinto ezisetshenziswayo uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela ezikhiphayo njengomshini. Njengoba impahla isuswa esikhundleni sokususwa:

• Umumo wenetha noma oseduze nenethi ungafinyelelwa

• Kudingeka umshini omncane ngemva kokufoja

• Ukusetshenziswa okungabizi kakhulu kwama-alloys abizayo

Lokhu kuzuzisa kakhulu ezintweni ezinenani eliphezulu njengensimbi engagqwali, ama-nickel alloys, ne-titanium.

4. Ukunemba Okuhle Kobukhulu Nokuphindaphindwa

Izindlela zesimanje zokukhanga—ikakhulukazi i-closed-die forging—ihlinzeka ngobukhulu obungaguquki obunokubekezelelana okuqinile. Ukusebenzisa ukunemba kuyafa kanye nemingcele yenqubo elawulwayo kuqinisekisa:

• Ukuphindaphinda ekukhiqizeni kwevolumu ephezulu

• Ukuhambisana nezinhlelo zokuhlanganisa ezizenzakalelayo

• Ukunciphisa ukusebenza kabusha nomzamo wokuhlola

Ukulawulwa kobukhulu kubalulekile ezimbonini ezifana nezezimoto, lapho ukumiswa komgunyathi kanye nezingxenye ze-drivetrain kufanele zilingane ncamashi ngaphakathi kwama-asemblies.

5. Ububanzi Obubanzi Bezimo Nobukhulu

Ukuqamba kuvumela ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zamajometri, kufaka phakathi:

• Ama-shafts, izinduku, ama-discs

• Amagiya, ama-flange, ama-couplings

• Izindandatho nemikhono

• Izingxenye ngokwezifiso ezisekelwe emidwebeni yobunjiniyela

Ububanzi besayizi bungahluka ukusuka kumagremu ambalwa (ekugayweni okubandayo) kuye kumathani amaningana (ku-open-die forging).

sakysteelinikeza amandla okubumba izingxenye ezinesisindo esisuka ngaphansi kwe-1 kg ukuya phezu kwamathani ayi-10, kuye ngezidingo zamakhasimende.

6. Ukuzwakala Okuthuthukisiwe Kwangaphakathi

Ngokungafani nama-castings, ama-forging ayenayoama-voids amancane angaphakathi noma okufakiwe. Ukucindezelwa kwenqubo yokubumba kuqeda:

• Ama-shrinkage cavities

• Amaphakethe kagesi

• Amafilimu e-oxide

Lesi sakhiwo somsindo siqinisekisa ukuphepha okuphezulu nokuthembeka, ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni eziqukethe ingcindezi nezijikelezayo.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasonic nokunye ukuhlola okungabhubhisi kuvame ukusetshenziswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzwakala kwangaphakathi ezingxenyeni ezifojiwe.

7. Ukugqokwa Okungcono Nokumelana Nomthelela

Inqubo yokubumba iqinisa insimbi, inciphisa usayizi wokusanhlamvu futhi ithuthukise ukumelana nokugqoka. Izingxenye ezifana:

• Izikhala zamagiya

• Amathuluzi ezimayini

• Ama-blades ezolimo

bazuze ekubumbeni ngenxa yokumelana kwabo okuthuthukisiwe kumandla abrasive kanye nomthelela.

Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwangemva kokubumba okufana nokucisha nokushisa kungathuthukisa ubulukhuni nokumelana nokugqoka.

8. Ukuhambisana ne-Alloy Steels kanye Nezinto Ezikhethekile

I-Forging ilungele uhla olubanzi lwezinsimbi ezingayoni nezingezona ayoni:

• Izinsimbi zekhabhoni(A105, 1045)

• Izinsimbi ze-alloy(4140, 4340, 1.6582)

• Izinsimbi ezingenasici(304, 316, 410, 17-4PH)

• Ama-alloys e-nickel(Inconel, Monel)

• I-Titanium ne-aluminium alloys

Lokhu kuguquguquka kwenza ukwakha inqubo ethandwayo kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene.

sakysteeligxile ekwenzeni insimbi engagqwali kanye nezingxenye ezikhethekile zengxubevange emikhakheni efana nowoyela negesi, i-nuclear, kanye nokuphehla ugesi.

9. Izakhiwo Zemishini Ezenzeka Ngokwezifiso Ngokwelashwa Kokushisa

Imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngomgunyathi ingaphathwa ngokushisa ukuze ishunise izakhiwo zayo zemishini. Imithi ejwayelekile ihlanganisa:

• Ukujwayela

• Ukushisa nokushisa

• Anealing

• Ukwelashwa kwesixazululo nokuguga (kwensimbi engagqwali nama-nickel alloys)

Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zilungisa ibhalansi yamandla, ubulukhuni, kanye ne-ductility ngokusekelwe kuzidingo zesevisi.

sakysteelinikeza ama-forging aphethwe ukushisa ahlangabezana namazinga omshini we-ASTM, EN, kanye ne-DIN.

10.Izicelo Zemikhiqizo Yokuqamba

Izingxenye ezakhiwe zisetshenziswa cishe kuzo zonke izimboni ezisindayo, okuhlanganisa:

●I-Aerospace

Ama-turbine shafts, igiya lokufika, izingxenye zenjini

●Ezezimoto

Izinduku zokuxhuma, ama-crankshafts, ama-knuckles okuqondisa

●Amafutha Negesi

Ama-flanges, imizimba yama-valve, amakholomu okubhoboza, imishini ye-wellhead

●Ukukhiqiza Amandla

Ama-turbine discs, shafts, ama-boiler components

●Izinto Ezisindayo

Izikhala zamagiya, amarola, izingwegwe zokuphakamisa, izixhumanisi zamathrekhi

Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zidinga ukwethembeka, futhi imikhiqizo efojiwe ihlangabezana nalezi zidingo ngokusebenza okuphezulu nokuqina.

Amazinga Ekhwalithi Nokuhlolwa

Izinqubo zokuqamba zilawulwa ngokuya ngamazinga omhlaba afana nalawa:

• I-ASTM A182, A105, A694

• Uchungechunge lwe-EN 10222

• ISO 683 uchungechunge

Izindlela zokuhlola zihlanganisa:

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Dimensional

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasonic (UT)

• Ukuhlolwa kwezinhlayiyana kazibuthe (MPI)

• Ukuhlola ukungena kwedayi (DPT)

• Ukuhlolwa kokuqina nokuqina

sakysteeliletha ama-forging anokulandeleka okugcwele kanye nesitifiketi se-EN10204 3.1/3.2 ngesicelo.

Kungani Khetha sakysteel for Forged Products?

sakysteelungumkhiqizi othembekile futhi othumela ngaphandle imikhiqizo yomgunyathi esebenza kahle kakhulu. Ngemishini yokunyathelisa ethuthukisiwe, izinsiza zokwelapha ukushisa, nokuhlola kwangaphakathi, sinikeza:

• Ibanga lezinto ezibanzi (i-stainless, i-alloy, i-carbon steel)

• Umumo owenziwe ngokwezifiso nojwayelekile

• Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuqinisekisiwe kwe-ISO

• Izikhathi zokuhola ezisheshayo nezintengo ezincintisanayo

• Amandla okuthumela emhlabeni jikelele

Amaklayenti kuyo yonke imikhakha ye-aerospace, amandla, kanye nobunjiniyela athembele kuyosakysteelngezidingo zabo ezibalulekile zokuzenzela.

Isiphetho

Inqubo yokubumba inika amandla angenakuqhathaniswa, ukwethembeka, nokusebenza ezingxenyeni zensimbi. Ngezinzuzo ezifana nokucolisiswa okusanhlamvu, ukuzinza kobukhulu, umthamo omkhulu womthwalo, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko, imikhiqizo engumgunyathi idlala indima ebalulekile ezisetshenziswa zezimboni zesimanje.

Ukuqonda izici zokucubungula zokubumba kusiza onjiniyela nabathengi ukuthi benze ukukhetha okungcono kakhulu kwemisebenzi yamaphrojekthi abalulekile. Uma kuziwa ekwenziweni okunembayo ngekhwalithi engaguquki kanye nokwesekwa kochwepheshe,sakysteelunguzakwethu ofanelekile wezingxenye eziwumgunyathi ezihlangabezana nezidingo zomkhakha ezinzima kakhulu.