He Whakaritenga mō te Pakari o ngā Hanganga Poro

Taumata Rauemi	Āhua	Awhe Pakari (HB, HRC rānei)
Waro maitai A105	Kua whakapūmautia, kua whakawerahia rānei	125–187 HB
Rino Koranu 42CrMo4	Kua tineia, kua whakamahanatia	28–34 HRC
Kowiri tira 304	Whakamahanahia te otinga	≤ 190 HB
Kowiri tira 316L	Whakamahanahia te otinga	≤ 200 HB
17-4PH SS	Āhua H900	38–44 HRC
Tāruarua SS F51	Otinga i rongoatia	260–290 HB
Tino Takirua F55	Otinga i rongoatia	270–310 HB

Kia mōhio: Ko te pakeketanga whakamutunga e whakawhirinaki ana ki te tikanga hanga, te maimoatanga wera, me te rahi o te hua.

---

Te Whakatakotoranga o te Pakeke i roto i ngā Ota a te Kaihoko

Ina tuku ota ngā kaihoko mō ngā hanga rakau, ka tohua te pakeketanga i roto i:

• Ngā tuhi hangarau

• Ngā whakatakotoranga rauemi

• Ngā whakaritenga o te ota hoko

• Ngā tohutohu maimoatanga wera

Ka taea e ngā kaihoko te tono mō te pakeketanga e pā ana ki:

• Te Pakari o Brinell (HBW)mō ngā whakarewa nui me ngā whakarewa ngohengohe

• Te Pakari o Rockwell (HRC, HRB rānei)mō ngā maitai whakapakeke

• Te Pakari o Vickers (HV)mō ngā wāhanga angiangi, mō ngā whakamātautau taiwhanga rānei

sakysteelmahi tahi me ngā kiritaki kia tino tutuki ai ngā mahi hanga pou i te kōtaha pakeke e hiahiatia ana mō tā rātou tono.

---

Ngā Take e Pā Ana ki te Pakeke o te Hanga Toka

He maha ngā taurangi e pā ana ki te mārō whakamutunga o tētahi rakau i hangaia:

1. Te Hanganga o ngā Rauemi

Ko te nui ake o te waro me te koranu ka nui ake te mārō.

2. Tukanga Maimoatanga Wera

• Te whakamahanawhakangawari i te konganuku

• Te Whakaōritete whakapai i te witi me te pakeketanga

• Te Whakamātao me te Whakamātaoka whakanui ake i te kaha me te pakeke

• Te Maimoatanga Rongoāe whakamahia ana mō ngā maitai kowiri tira me ngā maitai takirua

• Te koroheketangamō ngā momo kua whakapakeketia e te ua pēnei i te 17-4PH

3. Rahi Wāhanga

Ka pōturi ake te whakamatao o ngā rakau nui te whānui, ka iti ake te mārō o te matua ki te whakaritea ki te mata.

4. Te Pāmahana Hanga me te Tere Whakamatao

Ka hua ake pea te rerekētanga o te pakeke me ngā hapa hanganga moroiti i te kore e tika o te pāmahana hanga, te whakamatao kore taurite rānei.

---

Ngā Tikanga Whakamātautau Pakeke mō ngā Hanganga Poro

At sakysteel, ko te whakamātautau pakeke he wāhanga paerewa o te tukanga whakaū kounga. Ka whakahaerehia te whakamātautau kia rite ki te ASTM E10, E18, EN ISO 6506/6508 rānei, i runga i ngā hiahia o te kiritaki.

Ngā tikanga noa:

1. Whakamātautau Pakeke Brinell (HBW)

• Whakamahia mō ngā whakarewa rakau nui

• Te kōhao me te kawenga o te pōro maitai

• Ine i te horahanga whakarerekētanga o te mata

2. Whakamātautau Pakari o Rockwell (HRC/HRB)

• He tere ake, he watea ake hoki mō te whakahaere whakaputa

• Ka whakamahia he kōhao konukō maitai, taimana rānei

• He mea noa mō ngā rakau kua tineia me ngā rakau kua whakamahanatia

3. Whakamātautau Pakari Vickers (HV)

• He tika, he pai hoki mō te aromatawai taiwhanga

• Ka whakamahia he kōhao piramita taimana

• He maha ngā wā e whakamahia ana mō ngā wāhanga whakawhiti iti, whakararuraru rānei

Ngā wāhi whakamātautau mārō:

• Mata (1 ki te 2 mm te hohonu)

• Wāhanga matua (ina koa mō ngā poro nui)

• Tata ki te hononga whakarewa (mēnā e tika ana)

---

Te ōritetanga o te mārō me te mahere

Mō ngā poro nui, ngā poro rānei kua whakamahanatia, he mea nui kia tirohia mēnāte ōritetanga o te pakeketangaputa noa i ngā rohe rerekē. Ko te pakeketanga kāore i te ōrite ka tohu pea i te tineitanga hē, te wehewehenga, te hanganga kore ōrite rānei.

Ko te mahere mārō he ine i:

• Ngā pito o te kakau me te waenganui o te wāhanga

• Mata me te uho

• Ngā ahunga pūtoro me ngā ahunga tuaka

sakysteele whakarato ana i ngā pūrongo mahere pakeke ina tonoa, inā koa mō ngā toki matua e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā taputapu hurihuri me ngā tono pēhanga.

---

He aha mēnā he teitei rawa, he iti rawa rānei te mārō?

• He tino pakari rawa:

  • Te tūponotanga o te pakarukaru

  • ngoikore te mahi miihini

  • Te pikinga ake o te mōrearea o te pakaru

• He iti rawa te mārō:

  • Ātete kakahu ngoikore

  • Te ora ngenge kore e ranea

  • Te rahunga i raro i te kawenga

Ko ngā otinga ko te whakamahana anō i te maimoatanga, te whakakapi rauemi, te whakapai ake rānei i te tukanga. Ko ia poro whakarewa isakysteelka arotakehia kia tino uru ki roto i te paerewa pakeke e whakaaetia ana mō tōna whakamahinga i whakaarohia.

---

Te Hiranga o te Pakari i roto i ngā Whakamahinga Rerekē

Ngā Toho Whakaputa Mana

• Me whai pakeke taurite mō te tuku taipana teitei

• He maha ngā maitai koranu kua whakapakeketia, kua whakamakukutia hoki

Ngā Pou Moana me ngā Pou Porowhita

• Pakari āhua, pakari teitei

• He maha ngā wā he kowiri tira, he kowiri tira takirua rānei, ≤ 300 HB te matotoru

Ngā Toho Porowhita me ngā Toho Taputapu

• Te pakeke o te mata mō te ātete ki te kakahu

• Tērā pea ka uru atu te whakapakeketanga o te mata pērā i te nitriding, te whakapakeketanga induction rānei

Ngā Pokapū Tukatuka Kai me te Rongoā

• Ko te ātete ki te waikura me te ngāwari ki te horoi te kaupapa matua

• Ngā maitai kore waikura, iti ki te waenga te pakeke (≤ 200 HB)

---

Whakamutunga

Āe, he mārama, he tino pakari hoki ngā whakaritenga mō tete pakeke o ngā whakarewa rakau, kua tautuhia e ngā paerewa ahumahi, ā, kua whakaritea kia rite ki ngā hiahia o te tono. Ka pā te pakeke ki ngā āhuatanga mahi pēnei i te ātete ki te kakahu, te kaha o te ngenge, me te ātete ki te pānga.

Mā te whakahaere i te kōwhiringa rauemi, te maimoatanga wera, me ngā tikanga whakamātautau, ka taea e ngā kaihanga te whakarite kia tutuki i ngā hanga pou ngā whakaritenga pakeke e hiahiatia ana mō te mahi pono.

sakysteelKa tukuna ngā toki i hangaia kia tino tika, me te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga mō te pakeketanga, me te tautoko i ngā whakamātautau ngaio, te tiwhikete, me ngā tekau tau o te wheako whakarewa. Ahakoa mō te moana, te pūngao, te keri, te hanga rānei, ka tutuki i ā mātou toki i hangaia ngā paerewa teitei o te pakari me te mahi.