253MA vs 310S: Sarudzo yeSimbi Isina Kupisa Kwakanyanya

Nhanganyaya

253MA vs 310Skuenzanisa simbi isina ngura kwakajairika kune vatengi vanosarudza plate, sheet, pipe, chubhu, bar, waya, strip, fittings uye zvikamu zvakagadzirwa zvemaoven, burners, zvishandiso zvekupisa, zvikamu zvekiln, machubhu ane radiant, zvikamu zveboiler, masisitimu e exhaust uye michina yekugadzirisa kupisa. Mhinduro yakananga ndeiyi:253MAinowanzo sarudzwa kana vatengi vachida simba rinopisa zvakanyanya, kuramba kupisa kweokisijeni uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemutengo mukushandiswa kwakawanda kwekupisa kwecyclic, nepo310Sinowanzo sarudzwa kana paine chromium yakawanda uye nickel, kuramba kwakasimba kwe oxidation uye kushanda kwakasimbiswa munzvimbo dzemoto dzinopisa zvakanyanya.

Zvese 253MA ne310S isimbi dzisingapisi dzinodzivirira kupisa, asi hadzina kufanana. 253MA isimbi isingapisi dzinodzivirira kupisa dzakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvinodzorwa zvakaita senitrogen, silicon uye zvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki zvepasi kuti zvisasvibise oxidation uye simba rekukwira. 310S ine chromium yakawanda uye nickel uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pabasa rekupisa zvakanyanya, zvikamu zvefurnace nemidziyo inopisa. Vatengi vanofanira kuenzanisa tembiricha, mhepo, mutoro, thermal cycling, carburization kana sulfidation risk, weldability, kuwanikwa, mutengo uye zvinodiwa zvechitupa vasati vasarudza.

Tafura Yepadivi Nepadivi: 253MA vs 310S

Chinhu Chekuenzanisa	253MA Simbi Isina Chinovhara	310S Simbi Isina Kusimba	Sarudzo yeMutengi
Rudzi rwezvinhu	Simbi isina kusimba inodziya isingapisi kana kupiswa	Simbi isina ngura ye austenitic inodzivirira kupisa ine chromium-nickel yakawanda	253MA inotarisa pakusimba uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemari; 310S inotarisa pakuramba kwakanyanya kweCr-Ni oxidation.
Mazita Akafanana	UNS S30815 / EN 1.4835	UNS S31008 / EN 1.4845	Gara uchifananidza mufananidzo uye chimiro cheMTC.
Kuramba Kuoxidation	Yakanaka kwazvo nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwe alloy ine silicon uye rare earth microalloying	Yakanaka kwazvo nekuda kwehuwandu hwakawanda hwe chromium uye nickel	310S inowanzo shandiswa kana paine kupisa kwakanyanya.
Simba reKupisa Kwakakwirira	Simba rakasimba rekupisa kwepamusoro-soro uye kuramba kukambaira kwezvikamu zvakawanda zvechoto	Kushanda zvakanaka pakupisa kwepamusoro, kunoshandiswa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzechoto	253MA inogona kukwezva zvikamu zvakatakura uye zvivakwa zvinopisa zvinotenderera.
Kutenderera Kwemhepo Kunopisa	Kudzivirira kwakanaka muzvikumbiro zvakawanda zvekupisa zvinotenderera	Zvakanaka, asi mashandiro azvo anoenderana nemamiriro ekunze uye dhizaini	Ongorora kuwanda kwekukwira kwebhasikoro, mutoro uye njodzi yekukwira kwebhasikoro.
Mutengo weZvinhu	Kazhinji inodhura zvishoma nekuda kwehuwandu hushoma hwe nickel	Kazhinji mutengo wakakwira nekuda kwehuwandu hwakawanda hwe nickel	253MA inogona kuderedza mutengo kana mashandiro akakodzera.
Kuwanikwa	Inowanikwa muplate, sheet, bar, pombi uye mafomu akasarudzwa; zvingada kusimbiswa	Chiyero chinozivikanwa zvikuru chekupisa kwepamusoro-soro uye chinodiwa pasi rose	Simbisa saizi yemasheya, MOQ uye nguva yekutenga usati wasarudza yekupedzisira.

Simba, Kuramba Kuoxidation uye Kuenzanisa Mutengo

Kuti vasarudze simbi isingatsvi inodziya zvakanyanya, vatengi vanofanira kuenzanisa tembiricha yepamusoro yebasa. Kushanda chaiko kunoenderana nemamiriro ekunze, mutoro, kushushikana, kutenderera kwekupisa, ukobvu hwechikamu, nzira yekugadzira uye kutenderera kwekugadzirisa.

Chinhu	253MA	310S	Pfupiso Inoshanda
Simba reKupisa Kwakakwirira	Yakanakira zvikamu zvakawanda zvinodzivirira kupisa	Yakanaka, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pabasa rechoto	253MA inowanzo sarudzwa nekuda kwesimba uye kushanda kwesimba pamutengo wakaderera we alloy.
Kuramba Kuoxidation	Yakanaka kwazvo munzvimbo dzakawanda dzinopisa zvakanyanya	Yakanaka kwazvo nekuda kwehuwandu hwakawanda hwe chromium	310S inoramba iri sarudzo yakasimba yekupisa zvakanyanya uye kusvibiswa nechoto.
Kupisa / Kuderedza Mhepo	Inofanira kuongororwa zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze uye mamiriro ekushanda	Inowanzo shandiswa, asi mashandiro azvo anoenderana nemakemikari emhepo	Hapana mhando imwe chete inofanira kusarudzwa pasina kutarisa mamiriro echoto.
Kugona kusundira	Inonamirwa ne filler yakakodzera uye tsika yekunamirwa inodzivirira kupisa	Inonamirwa; inowanzogadzirwa kuita zvikamu zvechoto	Zvinoshandiswa pakuwedera uye tembiricha yebasa mushure mekuwedera zvinofanirwa kutsanangurwa.
Kushanda Nemutengo Wakanaka	Kazhinji zviri nani kune zvivakwa zvinopisa zvakanyanya uye zvinodhura zvakanyanya	Mutengo we alloy wakakwira, kunyanya nekuda kwehuwandu hwe nickel	253MA inogona kusarudzwa kana yasvika pazvinodiwa pakushanda kwayo nemutengo wakaderera.

Kurudziro Yakanakisisa Yekushandisa Nekushandisa

Kushandiswa	Sarudzo Yekutanga Iri Nani	Chikonzero
Machira emoto uye zvinodzivirira kupisa	253MA kana 310S	253MA yesimba rinodhura zvishoma; 310S yekudzivirira Cr-Ni oxidation yakanyanya.
Machubhu Anopenya uye Zvikamu zveBurner	310S kana giredhi rakatsanangurwa neprojekiti	310S inowanzo sarudzwa panzvimbo dzinopisa zvikuru dzechoto uye nzvimbo dzinopisa.
Zvishandiso zveKiln neHeat Treatment	253MA	Simba rakanaka pakupisa kwepamusoro uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemari yekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakawanda.
Masisitimu eKubudisa Utsi Anopisa Zvakanyanya	253MA kana 310S	Sarudzo inoenderana nekupisa, kutenderera, oxidation uye bhajeti.
Mhepo yeOxidizing Furnace Yakakomba	310S	Kuwanda kwechromium uye nickel kunoita kuti 310S ive sarudzo yakasimba ye oxidation inodziya zvakanyanya.
Zvigadzirwa Zvinodzivirira Kupisa Zvinodhura Zvisingadhuri	253MA	253MA inowanzopa mwero wekuchengetedza kupisa uye simba.

253MA Simbi Isina Zvisimbiso: Nguva Yekusarudza

Simbi isingatsvi ye253MA yakagadzirirwa kushandiswa pakupisa kwakanyanya uko kwakakosha kudzivirira oxidation, simba rekukwira uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemari. Inowanzo pihwa seplate, sheet, bar, pombi, chubhu, waya uye zvinhu zvakagadzirwa zvechoto nemidziyo yekugadzirisa kupisa.

• Yakanakira zvidziviriro zvekupisa, zvivako zvechoto, zvikamu zvechoto, zvinopisa uye zvikamu zvinoshandisa kupisa.

• Inopa mashandiro akasimba emakanika anodziya zvakanyanya pazvikamu zvakawanda zvakatakura.

• Kazhinji inodhura zvishoma pane magiredhi asingapise kupisa ane nickel yakawanda.

• Inokodzera kana 253MA / UNS S30815 / EN 1.4835 ichibvumidzwa nezvinodiwa neprojekiti.

• Inoda welding filler chaiyo, maitiro ekugadzira uye ongororo yemamiriro ekunze kuti ishande zvakanaka.

Simbi Isina Zvisimbiso ye310S: Nguva Yekusarudza

Simbi isingatsvi 310S isimbi isingatsvi chromium-nickel ine simba guru uye inodzivirira kupisa inoshandiswa muzvikamu zvechoto, machubhu anopenya, zvinhu zvinopisa, machubhu anodziya, michina inobatidza moto uye masisitimu ekupisa. Inozivikanwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekudzivirira kupisa kana tembiricha yakakwira.

• Sarudzo yakanaka kune nzvimbo dzinopisa zvakanyanya uye dzinopisa chando.

• Inowanzo sarudzwa kana mufananidzo uchida 310S / UNS S31008 / EN 1.4845.

• Inowanikwa mundiro, jira, pombi, chubhu, bhaa, waya uye zvikamu zvakagadzirwa.

• Kuwanda kwe nickel kunogona kuwedzera mutengo kana tichienzanisa ne 253MA.

• Mhepo inofanira kuongororwa nekuti kuisa kabhoni mumoto, kuisa sulfidi mumhepo kana kuderedza mamiriro ezvinhu zvinogona kuchinja kukodzera kwezvinhu.

Sarudzo yeFomu reChigadzirwa

Zvose 253MA ne310S zvinogona kupihwa mumhando dzakasiyana dzezvigadzirwa zvesimbi isingatsvi. Chimiro chakakodzera chinoenderana nekugadzirwa kwemidziyo, nzira yekugadzira uye nzvimbo yekushanda.

Fomu reChigadzirwa	Kushandiswa Kwakajairika	Kutarisisa Kwakakosha
Ndiro / Pepa	Mapendi emoto, zvidziviriro zvekupisa, zvikamu zvemoto, matireyi nemapaneru akagadzirwa	Ukobvu, upamhi, kureba, kutsetseka, pamusoro uye MTC.
Pombi / Chubhu	Machubhu anopenya, zvinopisa, machubhu anodziya zvakanyanya uye masisitimu ekubuda kwemhepo	OD, madziro, purogiramu, kushivirira, mhando yeweld uye sevhisi yekumanikidzwa/kupisa.
Bhawa/Tsvimbo yakatenderera	Migove, zvinotsigira, mapini, mahangeri, zvisungo uye zvikamu zvemuchina zvinodzivirira kupisa	Dhayamita, kushivirira, kutwasuka, pamusoro, kurapwa nekupisa uye kuongorora.
Waya / Tsvimbo yeWaya	Mesh inodziya zvakanyanya, mabhasikiti, zvikamu zvemidziyo yekudziya uye masipiringi kana zvichibvira	Dhayamita, pamusoro, chimiro chekoiri, hunhu hwekudhonza uye tembiricha yekushandisa.
Zvikamu Zvakagadzirwa	Matreyi, mabhasikiti, varindi, mabhureki, zvishandiso zvechoto uye magungano akagadzirwa	Kudhirowa, kusundira, kushivirira, kuchenesa pamusoro, NDT uye kurongedza.

Kufunga Nezvekuora uye Mhepo

Mukushandiswa kwesimbi isingatsvi pakupisa kwakanyanya, "ngura" inowanzoreva oxidation, scaling, carburization, sulfidation, nitridation kana hot gas attack pane ngura yenguva dzose yekamuri. Mhepo yechoto ndeimwe yezvinhu zvakakosha pakusarudza.

Mhepo / Njodzi	Kunetseka Nezvekusarudza	Chiito cheMutengi
Kuoxidiza Mhepo	Kuramba kukura uye kugadzikana kwechikamu che oxide zvakakosha	Enzanisa 253MA ne310S nekupisa kwekushanda, kutenderera uye chinangwa chehupenyu.
Kutenderera Kwemhepo Kunopisa	Kudziisa/kutonhodza nguva nenguva kunogona kukonzera kukwenya, kukanganiswa uye kuneta	Tarisa ukobvu, kusimba kwedhizaini, welding uye mvumo yekuwedzera.
Nzvimbo yeCarburizing	Kutora kabhoni kunogona kukanganisa hupenyu hwe alloy uye microstructure	Ongorora kemesitiri yemhepo usati wasarudza chero giredhi ripi zvaro.
Sarufa / Kunyungudutsa	Nzvimbo dzine sarufa dzinogona kurwisa simbi dzisingatsvi dzinopisa zvakanyanya	Bvunza mainjiniya wezvinhu uye funga nezvemamwe ma alloys kana paine sarufa.
MaChlorides kana Munyu Pakupisa	Munyu wakanyungudutswa kana chloride deposits zvinogona kukonzera kurwiswa kukuru	Simbisa nzira yekushandisa uye funga nezvesarudzo dzemhando yepamusoro ye alloy kana nickel alloy.

Zvipingamupinyi uye Njodzi dzeKusarudza Zvinhu

253MA ne310S zvese zviri zviviri simbi dzisingapisi dzinobatsira, asi kusarudzwa zvisirizvo kunogona kukonzera kukura, kushanduka, kutsemuka, kutadza kushanda kana kudhura zvakanyanya. Vatengi vanofanira kuongorora mamiriro ese ebasa vasati varaira.

• Kupisa kwakanyanya chete hakuna kukwana; mhepo, mutoro uye kufamba kwemhepo kunofanirawo kuongororwa.

• 253MA haifanirwe kutsiva 310S kana dhirowa kana kuti zvinodiwa nemushandisi wekupedzisira zvichida 310S.

• 310S inogona kudhura kupfuura zvinodiwa kana 253MA ikakwanisa kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvakafanana pakushanda.

• Nzvimbo dzine sarufa, carburizing, nitriding kana munyu wakanyungudutswa dzinoda kuongororwa kwakakosha kwezvinhu.

• Zvikamu zvakasungirirwa zvinoda kuzara kwakakodzera, kudzora kupisa, kucheneswa uye kuongororwa.

• Kutsiva zvinhu kunofanirwa kutenderwa nemainjiniya pakushandisa midziyo yemoto, yekumanikidza, yekuchengetedza kana inodhura zvakanyanya.

Mitemo, Zvitupa uye Kuongorora

Maodha esimbi isingatsvinda inopisa zvakanyanya anofanira kunge aine giredhi rakajeka, standard, heat number uye magwaro ebvunzo. Zvitupa zvinobatsira vatengi kusimbisa kuti zvinhu zvakapihwa zve253MA kana 310S zvinoenderana neodha yekutenga uye application.

Gwaro / Bvunzo	Zvinosimbisa	Nguva Yekukumbira
EN 10204 3.1 MTC	Giredhi, nhamba yekupisa, kuumbwa kwemakemikari, hunhu hwemakanika uye zvakajairwa	Zvinokurudzirwa kune ese maodha esimbi isingatsvi inodzorwa isingatsvi.
Mushumo wePMI	Kuzivikanwa kwezvinhu zvakanaka uye kusimbiswa kwegiredhi	Inobatsira pakutumira zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, kuisa zvinhu panzvimbo yacho uye kugadzira zvinhu zvakakosha.
Mushumo weDimensional	Ukobvu, OD, madziro, dhayamita, kureba, kutsetseka, kushivirira uye huwandu	Zvakakosha pazvikamu zvechoto, machubhu, mabhawa, maplate uye magungano akagadzirwa.
Kuongorora Pamusoro	Kukwenya, oxide scale, maburi, mitswe, mavara uye zvikanganiso zvepanzvimbo	Zvinokurudzirwa usati wagadzira, kusanganisa uye kutumira.
Mushumo weNDT	UT, PT, RT kana mimwe mhedzisiro yebvunzo zvichienderana nefomu yechigadzirwa	Kumbira simbi dzinokosha, maplate, welds, machubhu kana zvikamu zvine chekuita nekumanikidzwa.
Mifananidzo yeKurongedza	Mazita ekushandisa, nhamba yekupisa, mamiriro echigadzirwa, kurongedza kunze kwenyika uye mabundle/case marks	Inobatsira pakutumirwa kunze kwenyika uye kuongororwa kwekugamuchira.

Maitiro Ekutsanangura 253MA kana 310S muRFQ

RFQ yakazara inofanira kusanganisira tembiricha yebasa uye mhepo, kwete giredhi nehukuru chete. Izvi zvinobvumira mutengesi kuti aongorore kana 253MA, 310S kana imwe alloy inodzivirira kupisa iri nani.

✅ Giredhi: 253MA / UNS S30815 / EN 1.4835 kana 310S / UNS S31008 / EN 1.4845.

✅ Fomu rechigadzirwa: ndiro, pepa, pombi, chubhu, bhaa, waya, strip, fitting kana chikamu chakagadzirwa nemaoko.

✅ Saizi: ukobvu, OD, ukobvu hwemadziro, dhayamita, upamhi, urefu, purogiramu, kushivirira uye huwandu.

✅ Mamiriro ebasa: tembiricha, mhepo, kutenderera kwekupisa, mutoro, kumanikidzwa, kuumbwa kwegasi uye nguva yekubuda.

✅ Kugadzira: kucheka, kukotama, kubatanidza, kugadzira, kugadzira, kupisa kana kugadzira.

✅ Kuedza: MTC, PMI, dhipoziti rekuongorora, UT, PT, RT, kuomarara, kuongorora pamusoro kana kuongororwa nevamwe.

✅ Pamusoro nepakurongedza: yakakangwa, yakanyoroveswa, yakakweshwa, pamusoro dema, pamusoro wakajeka, bundle, pallet kana bhokisi rehuni.

✅ Zvinodiwa pakutumira: saizi yemasheya, MOQ, nguva yekutumira, magwaro ekutumira kunze uye chiteshi chekuendesa.

Zvikanganiso Zvinowanikwa Nevatengi

Kusarudza chete nekupisa kwakanyanya:Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvinopisa zvakanyanya kunofanirawo kufunga nezvemhepo, mutoro, kutenderera kwekupisa uye dhizaini yekugadzira.

Kutsiva 310S ne253MA pasina mvumo:253MA inogona kunge isingadhuri, asi kutsiva kunofanira kutenderwa kana dhirowa richida 310S.

Kuregeredza mamiriro echoto:Kuoxidizing, carburizing, reduction, sulfidizing kana munyu zvinogona kuchinja mashandiro echinhu.

Pasina kutsanangura mwero wechigadzirwa:Vatengi vanofanira kunyora zvakajeka zvinodiwa neUNS, EN kana ASTM kuti vadzivise kuwanikwa kwezvinhu zvisiri izvo.

Kukanganwa zvinodyiwa zvewelding:Maweld esimbi isingapisi anodzivirira kupisa anofanira kuenderana nekupisa kwebasa uye mamiriro ekunze.

Kuenzanisa mutengo usina chitupa uye chiyero chekuyedza:MTC, PMI, NDT, kuongororwa kwevanhu vechitatu uye kurongedza kwakakosha zvinogona kukanganisa mutengo wese.

Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa

Ndeupi musiyano mukuru uripo pakati pe253MA ne310S?

253MA isimbi isina ngura isingatsvedzeri kupisa, yakagadzirirwa kusimba pakupisa kwakanyanya, kuramba kupiswa kwemafuta uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemari. 310S isimbi isina ngura ine chromium-nickel yakawanda inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pabasa rekupisa kwemafuta zvakanyanya uye pakushandisa furnace.

Ndeipi iri nani kune zvikamu zvechoto zvinopisa zvakanyanya, 253MA kana 310S?

Zvose zvinogona kushandiswa pazvikamu zvechoto. Sarudza 253MA kana simba, kuramba kupisa uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemutengo zvichikosha. Sarudza 310S kana huwandu hweCr-Ni hwakakwira, kuramba kupisa kwakanyanya kana kuti purojekiti inoda 310S.

Ko 253MA yakachipa pane 310S here?

253MA inowanzo shanda zvakanaka pane 310S nekuti ine nickel shoma asi ichiri kupa simba rakasimba pakupisa. Mutengo wekupedzisira unoenderana nechimiro chechigadzirwa, saizi, kuwanikwa kwechinhu, MOQ uye zvinodiwa pakuyedza.

Ko 253MA inogona kutsiva 310S here?

253MA inogona kutsiva 310S mune mamwe maapplication kana tembiricha yebasa, mhepo, simba rinodiwa uye zvinodiwa nemushandisi zvichibvumira. Haifanirwe kutsiviwa kana dhizaini kana mwero wemutengi uchida 310S pasina mvumo.

Ndeipi giredhi ine resistance iri nani ye oxidation?

310S ine simba rakanaka kwazvo rekudzivirira okisijeni nekuda kwehuwandu hwayo hwakawanda hwechromium. 253MA ine simba rakanaka kwazvo rekudzivirira okisijeni nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwayo kwe alloy. Sarudzo iri nani inoenderana nekupisa, kupisa kutenderera uye mamiriro ekunze echoto.

Ko 253MA ne310S zvinonamirwa here?

Ehe. Magiredhi ese ari maviri anogona kusungirirwa nemaitiro ekushongedza akakodzera uye zvinhu zvinoenderana nekuzadza. Vatengi vanofanira kutsanangura tembiricha yebasa, mamiriro ekunze, kuongororwa kweweld uye zvinodiwa pakuchenesa zvigadzirwa zvinopisa zvakanyanya.

Ndeapi magwaro anofanira kupihwa ne253MA kana 310S?

Magwaro akajairika anosanganisira EN 10204 3.1 MTC, kuumbwa kwemakemikari, hunhu hwemakanika, nhamba yekupisa, mushumo wekuongorora mativi, mushumo wePMI kana zvichidikanwa, mushumo weNDT kana zvichidikanwa, runyorwa rwekurongedza uye mazita.

Zvigadzirwa zveSimbi Isina Zvisimbiso

Chigadzirwa Chakafanana	Kushandiswa Kwekutenga
253MA Simbi Isina Chinovhara	253MA ndiro, jira, bhaa, pombi uye zvikamu zvinodzivirira kupisa zvemaovheni, maovheni nemidziyo yekupisa.
310S Simbi Isina Kusimba	310S simbi isina ngura ndiro, jira, pombi, chubhu, bhaa uye zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa kuti zvishandiswe mukupisa kwakanyanya.
Plate yeSimbi Isina Chinovhara	Ndiro yesimbi isina ngura yekuisa mukati mechoto, zvidziviriro zvekupisa, zvikamu zvekumanikidza uye michina yakagadzirwa mumaindasitiri.
Pipe yeSimbi Isina Stainless	Mapaipi nechubhu zvesimbi isina ngura zvemapayipi anodziya zvakanyanya, machubhu anopenya, masisitimu ekubudisa utsi uye mitsetse yekushanda.
Simbi Isina Kutenderera Bhawa	Bhawa rakatenderera remashaft, ma hangers, ma supporters, mapini, ma fasteners uye zvikamu zvakagadzirwa nemuchina zvinopisa zvakanyanya.
Gwaro Rekusarudza Chigadzirwa Chesimbi Isina Stainless	Gwaro rekusarudza simbi isina ngura, mapaipi newaya zvekushandisa mumaindasitiri uye zvisingakanganise ngura.

Mhedziso

253MA ne310S dzese isimbi dzisina ngura dzinopisa zvakanyanya, asi dzinosarudzwa kuti dzive nepfungwa dzakasiyana. 253MA inowanzo shandiswa kana vatengi vachida simba rinopisa zvakanyanya, kushanda zvakanaka kwemhepo inopisa uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemari. 310S inowanzo shandiswa pabasa rekupisa zvakanyanya, zvikamu zvechoto uye mashandisirwo anoda chromium-nickel yakakwira.

Kuti vawane zvinhu zvinovimbika, vatengi vanofanira kutsanangura tembiricha yebasa, mhepo, kupisa, mutoro, giredhi, mwero, chimiro chechigadzirwa, saizi, zvinodiwa pakuwedera, chiyero chekuongorora uye rudzi rwechitupa. Kutsiva zvinhu pakati pe253MA ne310S kunofanirwa kutenderwa neinjiniya kana mashandiro echoto, kuchengetedzeka kana zvinodiwa nemushandisi wekupedzisira zvichikosha.