Waya yeSimbi Isina Kugadzika Inotonhora yeZvitubu: Gwaro reKusimba kweKusimba

Nhanganyaya

Waya yeSimbi Isina Kutonhora Inodhonzwa Yezvitubuwaya isina ngura inosimbiswa nekudhonza kakawanda kuburikidza nema dies madiki zvishoma nezvishoma kusvika dhayamita inodiwa, simba rekudhonza uye tembiricha yechirimo zvasvika. Inoshandiswa kuma compression springs, extension springs, torsion springs, clips, retaining rings, wire forms, electrical contacts uye precision mechanical components. Giredhi 302 kana 304 ndiyo sarudzo yakajairika yekutanga kuma general-purpose springs, 316 inosarudzwa pakusangana ne chloride, uye 17-7PH inosarudzwa kana paine simba rakawanda, resistance yekuneta kana high-temperature stability.

Zvinhu Zvikuru Zvekudzidza:Kusarudzwa kwewaya yechitubu hakugone kutsamira pamhando yesimbi isingatsvi chete. Upamhi hwewaya, simba rekudhonza, kutonhora, kupedzisa kwenzvimbo, kuumbwa, helix, kutwasuka, radius yekuumba uye kurapwa kwepashure pekudhonza zvese zvinokanganisa mashandiro echitubu. Simba guru rekudhonza rinogona kuwedzera mutoro, asi kuomarara kwakanyanya kunogona kuderedza kuumbwa uye kuwedzera njodzi yekutsemuka panguva yekudhonza.

ASTM A313/A313M inowanzo tsanangurwa yewaya yechitubu yesimbi isina ngura inoomesa uye inosimbisa mvura. ISO 6931-1, EN 10270-3 uye JIS G 4314 zvinogonawo kutariswa zvichienderana nemusika uye dhizaini yechitubu. Vatengi vanofanira kutaura chiyero chakazara, giredhi, dhayamita, kirasi yekudhonza, mamiriro epamusoro, fomu repakeji uye magwaro ekuongorora pane kukumbira "waya isina ngura yakaoma" chete.

Kudhirowa Kunotonhora Kunogadzira Sei Simba reChirimo?

Kudhirowa kunotonhora kunoderedza dhayamita yewaya pasina kupisa chinhu kusvika pakupisa kwe recrystallization. Sezvo waya inopfuura nepakati pedhiri rega rega, kushanduka kwepurasitiki kunowedzera kuwanda kwe dislocation mukati mechimiro chesimbi. Maitiro aya, anonzikuoma kwesimbakana kuti kuomesa basa, kunowedzera simba rekusimba, kunopa simba nekuomarara ukuwo kuchideredza kureba.

Huwandu hwekudzikisa kutonhora hunosarudza mamiriro ekupedzisira emuchina. Zvinhu zvakadhonzwa zvishoma zvinoramba zvichikwanisa kugadzirwa, nepo waya yekupisa inodhonzwa zvakanyanya inopa simba rakawanda uye kudzoreredzwa kwakasimba kwe elastic. Chigayo chinogona kushandisa intermediate annealing kana kudzikisa kwese kwakakura zvakanyanya kuti zvisakwanise kudhirowa kamwe chete.

Chitubu chekupedzisira hachivimbi nesimba rekusimba chete. Zvikanganiso pamusoro, kushushikana kwasara, kutenderera kwewaya, mamiriro asina kucheneswa, kugadzikana kwedhayamita uye hunhu hwekukombama zvinopesvedzera hupenyu hwekuneta. Kukwenya kudiki kwenguva refu kunogona kuva nzvimbo yekutanga kuneta-kutsemuka muchitubu chine simba.

Ruzivo rweChigadzirwa Chakajairika

Chinhu Chakakosha	Sarudzo Dzakajairika	Kutarisa Mutengi
Magiredhi	301, 302, 304, 304N, 316, 316L, 321 uye 17-7PH	Gadzirisa kugona kwekudzivirira ngura, simba uye tembiricha zvichienderana nekushandiswa kwayo.
Dhayamita	Waya yakanyatsogadzirwa zvakanaka kusvika kune waya inorema yechitubu	Simbisai kushivirira chaiko, kukwirira kweganda uye nzira yekuyera nayo.
Mamiriro	Hunyoro hwechirimo, hwakaoma, hafu yakaoma kana yakagadzirirwa tambo yekudhonza	Taura simba rekusimba pane kuvimba nezita rehasha chete.
Pamusoro	Yakajeka, yakachena, yakafukidzwa, yakatorwa sipo kana kuti yakakweshwa	Tarisa kuti mafuta acho anoenderana here nekukombama, kuchenesa uye kushandiswa kwekupedzisira.
Fomu Rekupa	Kureba kwekucheka kwakarukwa, spool, reel, carrier kana kuti straightened	Huremu hwe coil, saizi ye spool, miganhu ye cast uye helix.
Zvitupa	MTC, EN 10204 3.1, mushumo wekudhonza uye mushumo wezvikamu	Kumbira magwaro anoenderana neboka rese usati wagadzira.

Magiredhi eSimbi Isina Kugadzirwa Anokurudzirwa

302 ne304 yeGeneral-Purpose Springs

Magiredhi 302 ne304 anoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakugadzira matsime emumaindasitiri, maclip uye mawaya. Maumbirwo awo eaustenitic anopa simba rakanaka rekudzivirira ngura uye simba guru rekugadzirisa ngura. Magiredhi 302 anowanzo batanidzwa nekugadzirwa kwewaya dzechitubu, nepo Magiredhi 304 achipa mukana wakakura wekuwanikwa uye mashandiro akajairika ekuora.

Magiredhi aya akakodzera midziyo yemumba, midziyo yemagetsi, zvikamu zvemagetsi, magadzirirwo emotokari uye midziyo yemumaindasitiri. Kudhonza kwakadzika kunogona kuita kuti waya ive nemagneti zvishoma kunyangwe annealed 302 ne304 zvinowanzoonekwa sesimbi dzisina ngura dzinoshandiswa mumagetsi.

301 yemhinduro yekushanda nesimba zvakanyanya

Giredhi 301 inokura nesimba rakawanda nekukurumidza panguva yekutonhora. Inogona kubatsira kune zvikamu zvechitubu zvinoda mhinduro yakatwasuka, zvikamu zvakatetepa kana simba rakasimba rekuchengetedza. Kukurumidza kwayo kushanda nesimba kunogonawo kuwedzera springback uye kuita kuti kuumbwa kwe tight-radius kuve kwakaoma.

316 yeKuonekwa muMarine neChloride

Giredhi 316 rine molybdenum, iyo inovandudza kusimba kwegomba uye ngura yemumapako zvichienzaniswa ne302 kana 304. Inowanzo shandiswa pakushandisa michina yemugungwa, kuisa mumahombekombe, michina yekugadzira chikafu, masisitimu emakemikari uye zvitubu zvekunze zvinoiswa munyu.

Kuramba kuri nani kwengura hakuiti kuti 316 isapararire kumamiriro ese ezvinhu ane chloride. Makomba akaomarara, mvura yegungwa isingamire, maburi uye tembiricha yakakwira zvichiri kuda kuongororwa neinjiniya.

17-7PH yekushanda nesimba uye kuneta zvakanyanya

17-7PH, inozivikanwawo seType 631 kana UNS S17700, isimbi isingatsvedzeri inoomesa mvura. Inogona kugadzirwa iri mumamiriro ezvinhu anoshanda zvakanaka uye yozopiswa kuti iwane simba rakawanda. Inoshandiswa kumasipiresi emuchadenga, maring ekuchengetedza, maclip ekugadzirisa, zvikamu zvevharuvhu nezvimwe zvinhu zvinosangana nemitoro inorema.

Hunhu hwekupedzisira hunoenderana nemamiriro emvura yawapihwa uye nguva yekuoma kwemvura inotevera. Vatengi vanofanira kusarudza zvinhu zvese uye nzira yekurapa kupisa pane kungotenga "waya yakaoma ye17-7PH" chete.

Tsanangudzo yeKuumbwa kweMakemikari

Zvinotevera zviyero zviri nyore zvehuwandu hwezvinhu zviri muindasitiri. Kugamuchirwa kwekupedzisira kunofanirwa kutevedzera gadziriro yakarongwa uye ongororo chaiyo yekupisa.

Giredhi	Cr, %	Ni, %	Chimwe Chinhu Chinokosha	Mhedzisiro Yekusarudza
301	16.0-18.0	6.0-8.0	Nickel yakaderera pane 304	Mhinduro yakasimba inoomesa basa uye simba rakawanda rinotorwa nekutonhora.
302	17.0-19.0	8.0-10.0	Kabhoni inodzorwa	Chigadzirwa chepurasitiki chisina ngura chakajairwa chinoshandiswa pakugadzira zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana.
304	18.0-20.0	8.0-10.5	Kabhoni inodzorwa zvishoma	Kudzivirira ngura kwakaringana, kuumbwa kwayo uye kuwanikwa kwayo.
316	16.0-18.0	10.0-14.0	Mwedzi 2.0-3.0%	Kudzivirira ngura munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana mukushanda kwechloride kwakavandudzika.
17-7PH	16.0-18.0	6.5-7.75	Al 0.75-1.50%	Inotsigira kuoma kwemvura uye simba guru rechirimo.

Kunzwisisa Simba reKusimba

Simba rekudhonza waya yechitubu rinoenderana zvakanyanya nedhayamita. Waya yakapfava inogona kusvika pakusimba kwekudhonza kupfuura waya inorema nekuti zvikamu zvidiki zvinowana kudzikira kwakanyanya kwekutonhora uye zvine mukana wakaderera wezvikanganiso zvakakomba. Saka kukosha kwekudhonza kamwe chete hakufanirwe kushandiswa kune dhayamita yega yega.

Mamiriro eWaya	Kutungamirirwa Kwakajairika Kwekusimba	Kushandiswa Kunokurudzirwa
Nyoro / Yakanamirwa	Simba rakaderera nekureba kwakanyanya	Kuumbwa kwakaomarara uye zvikamu zvichazosimbiswa gare gare.
Hafu Yakaoma	Simba riri pakati nepakati uye kugona kugadzikana	Zvidimbu, mafomu ewaya uye matsime akareruka.
Hasha dzeChirimo	Simba guru rekudhonza nekureba kwakaderera	Zvitubu zvekudzvanya, kuwedzera uye zvekutenderedza.
Mvura inonaya-Yakaoma 17-7PH	Simba guru kwazvo mushure mekukwegura kwakatarwa	Matsime emuchadenga, mavharuvhu, matsime emvura anonyatsoshanda uye anokurumidza kuneta.

Kune waya zhinji dzechitubu dzinodhonzwa nechando, mwero wekudhonzwa unogona kubva pa1,000 MPa kusvika pamusoro pe2,000 MPa zvichienderana negiredhi, dhayamita uye kirasi yakajairwa. Aya manhamba haasi miganhu yekugamuchirwa kwese. Huremu chaihwo hunofanira kutorwa kubva pachiyero chakarairwa kana zvakabvumiranwa zvemuchina wekugadzira dhayamita yakakodzera.

Nei Simba Rakanyanya Kusimba Risiri Rakanakisisa Nguva Dzose

Waya inodhonza zvakanyanya inogona kupa simba guru rechitubu, asi inogonawo kukonzera kubhururuka kwakawanda, kupera kwemidziyo yakawanda uye njodzi huru yekutsemuka kutenderedza mandrels madiki. Spring index, iyo iri avhareji yedhayamita yekoiri yakakamurwa nedhayamita yewaya, inofanira kufungwa pamwe chete nesimba rekudhonza.

Kana chirimwa chakabatana zvakasimba, mutengi angada kirasi yekudhonza yakaderera kana chinhu chine ductility iri nani. Kana chiri dhayamita yakakura kana chakaremerwa zvakanyanya, kirasi yekudhonza yakakwirira ingakodzera. Kudhonza kwemuenzaniso kunokurudzirwa kana dhizaini yacho ichishanda pedyo nemuganhu wekuumba.

Maitiro uye Mareferensi eGiredhi

Referensi	Nzvimbo Yakajairika	Chiziviso Chekutenga
ASTM A313/A313M	Waya yechitubu yesimbi isina ngura inooma uye inoomesesa kwenguva refu	Chiyero chedunhu, dhayamita, zvinodiwa pakusunga uye mamiriro akapihwa.
ISO 6931-1	Simbi dzisina ngura dzekugadzira chitubu muchimiro chewaya	Simbisa kusarudzwa kwegiredhi uye kirasi yekudhonza.
EN 10270-3	Waya yesimbi yechitubu isina ngura yezvitubu zvemakanika	Tarisa kugamuchirwa kwepurojekiti uye chinyorwa chazvino chakanyorwa.
JIS G 4314	Waya yesimbi isina ngura yemasipiringi	Mazita akajairika anosanganisira SUS304-WPA uye SUS304-WPB.
EN 10204	Mhando dzemagwaro ekuongorora dzinosanganisira zvitupa 3.1	Taura rudzi rwegwaro riri muodha yekutenga.

Kuenzanisa Giredhi uye Mashandisirwo

Giredhi	Simba Rinogona Kuwanikwa	Kutungamirirwa kweKuora	Kurudziro Yakanakisisa Yekushandisa
301	Yakakwira mushure mekudhirowa kwechando	Basa remumhepo rose	Zvidimbu zvakasimba, mhete dzinochengetedza uye mafomu ewaya akanyatsogadzirwa.
302	Yakakwirira uye yakasimbiswa zvikuru yezvitubu	Kudzivirira kwakanaka kwengura	Zvitubu zvekudzvanya, kuwedzera uye zvekutenderedza.
304	Yakakwira mushure mekuderedzwa kwechando kwakadzorwa	Kudzivirira kwakanaka mukati nekunze	Midziyo, midziyo yemagetsi, masipiringi emagetsi neemotokari.
316	Pakati nepakati kusvika pakakwirira zvichienderana nedhayamita	Kudzivirira kwechloride kwakavandudzwa	Midziyo yemugungwa, yemakemikari, yechikafu uye yemahombekombe.
17-7PH	Yakanyanya kukwira mushure mekuoma kwemvura	Zvakanaka, asi zvinoenderana nekushandisa	Mudenga, kunyatsogadzirwa, mavharuvhu uye matsime anodzivirira kuneta.

Zvikumbiro zveMaindasitiri

Kushandiswa	Kutungamirirwa Kwegiredhi Rinokurudzirwa	Chinhu Chinokosha Pakusarudza
Zvitubu Zvekudzvanya Zvakawanda	302 kana 304	Chitubu che indekisi, kirasi yekudhonza, mutoro uye hupenyu hwekutenderera.
Midziyo yemugungwa	316	Kusvikwa kwemunyu, mamiriro ekutsemuka uye kuwanda kwekucheneswa.
Michina Yezvekudya Nezvinwiwa	304 kana 316	Kuchena, kusvibiswa nemakemikari uye mamiriro epamusoro.
Zvidimbu zveMotokari uye Zvitubu	301, 302 kana 304	Kuneta, kudedera, tembiricha uye kugona kudzokorora.
Zvishandiso zveNdege uye Zvekunyatsorurama	17-7PH kana chiwanikwa chakatenderwa neprojekiti	Simba guru, kuramba kuzorora uye kudzora kupisa.
Zvishandiso zvekurapa nerabhoritari	316L, 316LVM kana giredhi rekurapa rakatarwa	Kuchena, nzira yekunyungudutsa, mhando yepamusoro uye zvinodiwa nemitemo.

Kugadzirwa kweChirimo uye Kurapa Mushure meKumonera

Kubatanidza uye Kuumba

Waya yechitubu chisina ngura inodhonzwa nechando inoita kuti chitubu chidzoke zvakanaka panguva yekukombama. Magadzirirwo ezvishandiso anofanira kugadzirwa uchishandisa waya kubva pamhando yakatarwa, dhayamita uye tensile range. Kutsiva batch ine simba rakawanda pasina kugadzirisa maturusi kunogona kuchinja dhayamita ye coil, kureba kwakasununguka uye pitch.

Pamusoro pewaya panofanira kunge pakatsetseka uye pakakodzerana nemuchina wechitubu. Zvinosanganisa kudhonza zvinogona kuvandudza kudya, asi zvasara zvinogona kukanganisa zvinodiwa pakuwedera, kuputira kana kuchena. Mutemo wekutenga unofanirwa kutsanangura kana waya yacho yakaomeswa, yakafukidzwa nesipo, yakazorwa mafuta zvishoma kana kuti yakacheneswa zvakanyanya.

Kurerukirwa Kushushikana

Zvitubu zvisina ngura zvinogadzirwa nechando zvinowanzo deredzwa kushushikana mushure mekukombama kuderedza kushushikana kwasara, kugadzikana kwehukuru uye kuvandudza maitiro e elastic. Tembiricha yakakodzera uye nguva yekubata zvinoenderana negiredhi, dhayamita yewaya, geometry yechitubu uye hunhu hunodiwa.

Kurerutsira kushushikana hakuchinji 302, 304 kana 316 kuita simbi inoomeswa nekupisa. Simba rayo guru rinobva pakushanda nechando. Magiredhi ekuomeswa kwemvura akadai se17-7PH anoda nzira chaiyo yekushandura uye yekukwegura kuti vagadzire hunhu hwavo hwekupedzisira.

Kuchenesa Pasi uye Kuchenesa Pamusoro

Mushure mekukombama nekupisa, maspiringi angada kubviswa mafuta, kubviswa pascaling, passivation kana electropolishing. Maitiro aya anobvisa kusvibiswa uye anovandudza kuchena kwenzvimbo. Passivation haigone kugadzirisa mavanga akadzika, mapendekete kana kukuvara kwemuchina kuripo kare muwaya.

Zvipingamupinyi uye Njodzi Dzekukundikana

Simba rekudhonza rakawandisa:Waya yakaoma zvakanyanya kuti ishande seringi inogona kutsemuka panguva yekukombama kana kugadzira springback yakawandisa.

Zvikanganiso pamusoro:Misono, mapendekete, mavanga uye mavanga ekufa zvinogona kukonzera kuneta kana zvinhu zvadzoserwa.

Kuzorodza kushushikana:Masipiringi anobatwa pasi pemutoro pakupisa kwakakwira anogona kurasikirwa nesimba zvishoma nezvishoma. Chiumbwa chesimbi nekupisa zvinofanirwa kuenderana nekupisa kwekushanda.

Kukanganisa kweganda kusina kururama:Giredhi 304 inogona kukuvara nguva isati yakwana kana yakabatwa zvakanyanya mugungwa kana makemikari. Giredhi 316 inovandudza kusimba kwemuviri asi haina kudzivirirwa kumatombo echloride asingamire.

Mhinduro yemagineti:Waya ye austenitic inoshandiswa muchando inogona kuva magnetic. Mashandisirwo anoda magnetic permeability inodzorwa zvakanyanya anoda nzira yekuyedza yakabvumiranwa uye muganho wekugamuchira.

Kusiyana kweboka:Kusiyana kudiki kwesimba rekudhonza, chiumbwa chakaumbwa kana mafuta ekufambisa zvinogona kukanganisa kumonereka kwega. Nzvimbo dzekugadzira dzinofanira kuramba dzichidzorwa pazvirongwa zvakakosha zvechitubu.

Kuongorora, Kupa Chitupa uye Kutevedza

Kupisa uye kutevedzana kwezvikamu zvinofanirwa kubatanidza coil yega yega kana spool kune yakanyunguduka yekutanga, drawing lot uye rekodhi yekuongorora. Mapakeji anofanira kuratidza giredhi, dhayamita, tensile range, nhamba yekupisa, nhamba yenzvimbo, huremu hwese uye referensi yekutenga-order.

EN 10204 3.1 MTC inogona kunyora giredhi rezvinhu, chiyero, nhamba yekupisa, kuumbwa kwemakemikari, mhedzisiro yekudhonza uye kuzivikanwa kwekugadzirwa. Kune waya yechitubu, mushumo wekudhonza unofanirwa kuratidza zvakajeka dhayamita yewaya nekuti simba rinodiwa rinowanzo chinja nehukuru.

Kuongorora mativi kunofanira kusanganisira dhayamita, ovality uye, kana zvataurwa, cast uye helix. Kuongorora pamusoro pechinhu kunogona kuitwa nemaziso kana nenzira dzakavandudzwa dzakakodzera saizi yewaya. Kuedza kwekukombama, kuputira, kukotama, kukwesha kana kuomarara kunogona kudiwa zvichienderana nechiyero chezvinhu kana zvinodiwa nemutengi.

PMI inogona kutsigira kuongororwa kwegiredhi, kunyanya pakusiyanisa 316 ine molybdenum kubva ku302 kana 304. Haisimbisi mamiriro ekudhonza kana kupisa kwakazara. UT haiwanzo batsira kune waya diki yechitubu. Hunhu hwepamusoro, chiyero chehukuru, kuyedzwa kwekudhonza uye bvunzo dzekugadzira zvinopa humbowo hwemhando yepamusoro hwakakodzera.

Rondedzero yeRFQ yeSpring Wire

✅ Taura giredhi, chinzvimbo cheUNS uye chiyero cheASTM, ISO, EN kana JIS chinoshanda.

✅ Ipa dhayamita yewaya, kushivirira uye zvinodiwa pakuyera denderedzwa.

✅ Taura huwandu hwesimba rekusimba redhayamita chaiyo.

✅ Tsvaga rudzi rwechitubu, dhayamita yekoiri, radius yekuumba uye hupenyu hwedenderedzwa hunotarisirwa.

✅ Tsanangura nzvimbo yakajeka, yakaputirwa, yakazorwa mafuta, yakacheneswa kana kuti yakakwenenzverwa.

✅ Huremu hwe coil, spool kana reel, huremu hweyuniti, cast uye helix.

✅ Kumbira MTC, EN 10204 3.1, mushumo wekudhonza uye kuongororwa kwemativi.

✅ Tsanangura kurongedza kwekutumira zvinhu kunze kwenyika kunodzivirira hunyoro, huwandu uye nzvimbo yekuenda.

Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa

Ndeipi mhando yesimbi isina ngura yakanakira waya yechitubu?

Giredhi 302 kana 304 yakakodzera zvitubu zvakawanda zvinoshandiswa. Giredhi 316 inosarudzwa kana paine mvura yemugungwa uye chloride, nepo 17-7PH inosarudzwa kana paine simba rakawanda, inodzivirira kuneta kana kuti ichishanda zvakanaka pakupisa kwakanyanya.

Waya yechitubu chesimbi isina ngura inofanira kuva nesimba rakadini rekudhonza?

Simba rekudhonza rinodiwa rinoenderana negiredhi, dhayamita yewaya, geometry yechitubu uye mwero unotonga. Waya yechitubu yakanaka inowanzova nehuwandu hwakatarwa hwekudhonza hwakatarwa kupfuura waya inorema. Odha yekutenga inofanira kutaura huwandu hunoenderana nedhayamita pane kukosha kumwe chete.

Sei waya isina ngura inodhonzwa inotonhora ichiva magnetic?

Kushanda muchando kunogona kushandura chikamu chechimiro che austenitic kuita martensite inokonzerwa ne deformation. Izvi zvinogona kuita kuti 301, 302 kana 304 spring wire ive nemagnetic inoonekwa kunyangwe chinhu chimwe chete chingave chisina magnetic mumamiriro ekunamirwa.

Masipiringi esimbi isina ngura anofanira kurapwa nekupisa mushure mekumonereka here?

Masipiringi anodhonzwa nechando anowanzo deredzwa kushushikana mushure mekukombama kuti agare zvakanaka uye aderedze kushushikana kwasara. Masipiringi anoomarara e17-7PH anoda kutenderera kwekupisa kwakasiyana-siyana kuti awedzere simba rawo rekupedzisira.

Zvigadzirwa zveWire zveStainless Steel

Chigadzirwa	Kushandiswa Kwakajairika Kwekutenga
Simbi Isina Stainless Spring Wire Range	Waya isina ngura inodziya seye spring-temperature ine magiredhi akasiyana-siyana, dhayamita uye mamiriro ekusimba.
302 Stainless Steel Spring Waya	Waya yechitubu inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakudzvanya, kuwedzera, kutenderedza uye kushandisa waya.
316 Stainless Steel Spring Waya	Waya yechitubu ine molybdenum inoshandiswa munzvimbo dzine makemikari, chloride uye gungwa.
Waya yeSpring ye1.4568 / 17-7PH	Waya inoomesa mvura inoshandiswa kugadzira zvinhu zvechitubu zvine simba guru uye zvinokurumidza kuneta.
316L Stainless Steel Wire Applications	Gwaro rekusarudza zvinhu zvewaya ye316L yakapfava, yakaoma uye inotonhorera muchirimo.

Mhedziso

Waya yesimbi isingatsvi inodhonzwa inotonhora inopa simba, kupora uye kuramba ngura zvinodiwa kumaindasitiri uye mawaya chaiwo. Magiredhi 302 ne304 anosanganisira mashandisirwo mazhinji, 316 inovandudza mashandiro munzvimbo dzine chloride, uye 17-7PH inopa sarudzo yakasimba yekutakura zvinhu zvinoda cyclic. Kushanda kwakavimbika kunoenderana nedhayamita yekudzora, tensile range, surface quality, cast, helix uye post-coiling treatment seimwe yetsanangudzo yakazara.