He aha ke kila kila Austenitic?

ʻO ke kila kila Austenitic kekahi o nā ʻano kila kila i hoʻohana nui ʻia ma nā ʻoihana ma muli o kona kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka pala, ka hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia, a me nā waiwai non-magnetic. Inā ʻoe e komo ana i ke kūkulu ʻana, ka hana ʻana i ka meaʻai, ka hana kemika, a i ʻole ka hana ʻana i nā lako lapaʻau, ua ʻike paha ʻoe i ke kila kila austenitic me ka ʻike ʻole.

Ma kēia ʻatikala piha, e wehewehe mākouhe aha ke kila kila austenitic, kona mau ʻano koʻikoʻi, pehea e hoʻohālikelike ai me nā ʻano kila kila ʻē aʻe, a me kāna mau noi. Inā he mea kūʻai mea a ʻenekinia paha ʻoe e ʻimi nei i ka maopopo i ke koho ʻana i ka metala kūpono, ʻo kēia alakaʻi maisakysteele kōkua iā ʻoe e hana i nā hoʻoholo naʻauao.

1. Wehewehena: He aha ke kila kila Austenitic?

ʻO ke kila kila Austenitic kahi ʻano o ke kila kila i wehewehe ʻia e kānaʻano kristal cubic maka-kikowaena (FCC), i ʻike ʻia ʻo kapae austeniteHe paʻa kēia ʻano hana ma nā mahana āpau a mālama ʻia ʻoiai ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻalili ʻana mai nā mahana kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO nā kila kila Austeniticʻaʻole magnetic i ke kūlana annealed, loaʻachromium kiʻekiʻe (16–26%)a menikala (6–22%)nā mea i loko, a me ka hāʻawike kūpaʻa ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka palaho, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā ʻohana kila kila ʻē aʻe.

2. Ka Hoʻohui Kemika

ʻO nā waiwai kūikawā o ke kila kila austenitic mai kona ʻano kemika:

• Chromium: Hāʻawi i ke kūpaʻa i ka pala a hana i kahi papa oxide pale ma luna o ka ʻili.

• NikalaHoʻopaʻa i ke ʻano austenitic a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ductility.

• Molybdenum (koho)Hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka pitting a me ka crevice corrosion i nā wahi chloride.

• Naikokene: Hoʻonui i ka ikaika a me ke kūpaʻa i ka pala.

• Kalapona (haʻahaʻa loa): Kāohi ʻia e pale aku i ka ua ʻana o ka carbide a mālama i ke kūpaʻa i ka pala.

ʻO nā papa maʻamau e like me ke kila kila 304 a me 316 kekahi ʻāpana o kēia hui.

3. Nā ʻano koʻikoʻi o ke kila kila Austenitic

1. Kū'ē maikaʻi loa i ka palaho

He kūpaʻa loa nā kila kila Austenitic i nā ʻano kaiapuni ʻino like ʻole. Hoʻokomo pū kēia i ka ʻino lewa, ka ʻike ʻana i ka meaʻai a me ka mea inu, a me nā kemika ʻoluʻolu a ʻino iki paha.

2. Nā Waiwai ʻAʻole Magnetic

I ke kūlana annealed, ʻaʻole maʻamau nā kila kila austenitic he magnetic. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i ka hana anu ke hoʻolauna i ka magnetism iki ma muli o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka martensite.

3. Maikaʻi ka Weldability

Hiki ke hoʻopili maʻalahi ʻia kēia mau kila me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano hana hoʻopili maʻamau. Pono paha ka mālama kūikawā e pale aku i ka hoʻokahe ʻana o ka carbide ma kekahi mau pae.

4. ʻO ke Ductility kiʻekiʻe a me ka paʻakikī

Hiki ke kaha kiʻi ʻia, kūlou ʻia, a hana ʻia nā ʻano Austenitic i nā ʻano like ʻole me ka ʻole o ka haki ʻana. Mālama lākou i ka paʻa i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe a me nā mahana haʻahaʻa.

5. ʻAʻohe paʻakikī wela

ʻAʻole e like me nā kila kila martensitic, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopaʻakikī ʻia nā ʻano austenitic e ka mālama wela. Hoʻopaʻakikī pinepine ʻia lākou e ka hana anu.

4. Nā Papa Maʻamau o ke kila kila Austenitic

• 304 (UNS S30400)
  ʻO ke kila kila i hoʻohana nui ʻia. Kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka pala, hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia, kūpono no nā ʻoihana he nui.

• 316 (UNS S31600)
  Loaʻa ka molybdenum no ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ke kūpaʻa i ka pala, ʻoiai ma nā wahi chloride e like me nā noi kai a i ʻole ke kahakai.

• 310 (UNS S31000)
  Ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻāpana umu a me nā mea hoʻololi wela.

• 321 (UNS S32100)
  Hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka titanium, kūpono no nā noi wela kiʻekiʻe kahi e hopohopo ai ka ua ʻana o ka carbide.

Loaʻa kēlā me kēia o kēia mau papa i nā ʻano like ʻole e like me nā pepa, nā paipu, nā kaola, a me nā mea hoʻopili, a hiki ke hoʻolako ʻia esakysteelno nā pono o kāu papahana.

5. Nā noi o ke kila kila Austenitic

Mahalo i ko lākou mau waiwai kaulike, hoʻohana ʻia nā kila kila austenitic ma nā ʻano ʻāpana like ʻole:

1. ʻOihana Meaʻai a me Mea Inu

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka 304 a me 316 no nā lako hana meaʻai, nā pahu wai, a me nā lako hana ma muli o ko lākou maʻemaʻe a me ke kūpaʻa i ka pala.

2. ʻOihana Kemika a me ka Lāʻau Lapaʻau

Makemake ʻia ʻo 316L no nā reactors, nā paipu, a me nā valves i hōʻike ʻia i nā kemika ma muli o kona kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe i nā chlorides.

3. Nā Mea Lapaʻau a me nā Mea Hana ʻoki kino

Ma muli o ko lākou maʻemaʻe a me ka biocompatibility, hoʻohana ʻia nā kila kila austenitic no nā mea hana ʻokiʻoki, nā implants, a me nā lako o ka haukapila.

4. Kuhikuhipuʻuone a me ke Kūkulu ʻana

Hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ke cladding, nā paʻa lima, nā ʻaoʻao o ka hale, a me nā alahaka ma muli o kona ʻano nani a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka ʻino o ke kaiapuni.

5. Kaʻa a me ka Halihali

Loaʻa i nā ʻōnaehana hoʻopau kinoea, nā ʻoki, a me nā ʻāpana kūkulu mai ka hui pū ʻana o ka ikaika a me ke kūpaʻa i ka pala.

6. Nā Mea Hoʻololi Wela a me nā Boilers

Hoʻohana ʻia nā papa kiʻekiʻe e like me 310 i nā wahi wela kiʻekiʻe ma muli o ko lākou kūpaʻa ʻana i ka oxidation.

6. Pehea e hoʻohālikelike ai ʻo Austenitic me nā kila kila ʻē aʻe