Yintoni i-Austenitic Stainless Steel?

Intsimbi engagqwaliyo yase-Austenitic yenye yezona ntlobo zisetyenziswa kakhulu zentsimbi engagqwali kumashishini ngenxa yokumelana kwayo nokugqwala, ukwakheka kwayo, kunye neempawu zayo ezingezizo zemagnethi. Nokuba ubandakanyeka kulwakhiwo, ekucutshungulweni kokutya, ekuvelisweni kweekhemikhali, okanye kwimveliso yezixhobo zonyango, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukhe wadibana nentsimbi engagqwali yase-austenitic ungaqondanga.

Kweli nqaku libanzi, siza kuchazayintoni intsimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic, iimpawu zayo eziphambili, indlela ethelekiswa ngayo nezinye iintlobo zentsimbi engagqwaliyo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo. Ukuba ungumthengi wezinto eziphathekayo okanye unjineli ofuna ukucaca ekukhetheni isinyithi esifanelekileyo, esi sikhokelo sivelai-sakysteelkuya kukunceda wenze izigqibo ezisekelwe kulwazi.

1. Inkcazo: Yintoni i-Austenitic Stainless Steel?

Intsimbi engagqwaliyo yase-Austenitic luhlobo lwentsimbi engagqwaliyo echazwa yiyoisakhiwo sekristale se-cubic esijonge ubuso (FCC), eyaziwa ngokuba yiisigaba se-austeniteEsi sakhiwo sizinzile kuzo zonke iiqondo zobushushu kwaye sigcinwa nasemva kokuba sipholile kwiiqondo zobushushu eziphezulu.

Iintsimbi ezingenasici zase-Austenitici-non-magnetic kwimeko efakwe i-annealed, unayoi-chromium ephezulu (16–26%)kwayei-nickel (6–22%)umxholo, kunye nomnikeloukumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu, ingakumbi xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintsapho zentsimbi engagqwaliyo.

2. Ukwenziwa kweeKhemikhali

Iimpawu ezikhethekileyo zentsimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic zivela kwi-chemical makeup yayo:

• I-Chromium: Inika ukumelana nokugqwala kwaye yenza umaleko we-oxide okhuselayo phezu komphezulu.

• I-Nickel: Iqinisa ulwakhiwo lwe-austenitic kwaye iphucula ukuguquguquka.

• I-Molybdenum (ukhetho): Iphucula ukumelana nokugqwala kwemingxuma kunye nemingxuma kwiindawo zekloride.

• I-nitrogen: Yomeleza amandla kunye nokumelana nokugqwala.

• Ikhabhoni (iphantsi kakhulu): Ilawulwa ukuze kuthintelwe ukuna kwe-carbide kunye nokugcina ukumelana nokugqwala.

Iiklasi eziqhelekileyo ezifana ne-304 kunye ne-316 stainless steel ziyinxalenye yeli qela.

3. Iimpawu eziphambili ze-Austenitic Stainless Steel

1. Ukumelana nokugqwala okugqwesileyo

Iintsimbi ezingenasici ze-Austenitic ziyakwazi ukumelana kakhulu neemeko ezahlukeneyo ezingcolisayo. Oku kuquka ukugqwala komoya, ukutya neziselo, kunye neekhemikhali ezibuthathaka ukuya kweziphakathi.

2. Iipropati ezingezizo zeMagnetic

Kwimeko efakwe i-annealed, iintsimbi ezingenasici ze-austenitic azinamagnethi ngokubanzi. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza ngokubandayo kunokungenisa amandla emagnethi amancinci ngenxa yokwenziwa kwe-martensite.

3. Ukudityaniswa kakuhle

Ezi ntsimbi zinokudityaniswa ngokulula kusetyenziswa iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokudityaniswa. Unonophelo olukhethekileyo lunokufuneka ukuze kuthintelwe ukuna kwe-carbide kwezinye iiklasi.

4. Ukuqina okuphezulu kunye nokuqina

Iigreyidi ze-Austenitic zinokutsalwa, zigotywe, kwaye zenziwe ngeemilo ezahlukeneyo ngaphandle kokuqhekeka. Zihlala ziqinile kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu naphantsi.

5. Akukho Ukuqina Kobushushu

Ngokungafaniyo neentsimbi ezingenasici ze-martensitic, ii-austenitic grades azinakwenziwa ziqine ngonyango lobushushu. Zihlala ziqiniswa ngokusebenza kubanda.

4. Amabanga aqhelekileyo e-Austenitic Stainless Steel

• 304 (UNS S30400)
  Intsimbi engenasici esetyenziswa kakhulu. Imelana nokugqwala kakuhle, iyakwazi ukwakheka kakuhle, ifanelekile kumashishini amaninzi.

• 316 (UNS S31600)
  Iqulethe i-molybdenum yokumelana nokugqwala okuphuculweyo, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezifana ne-chloride ezisetyenziswa elwandle okanye elunxwemeni.

• 310 (UNS S31000)
  Ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, okusetyenziswa kwiindawo zesithando kunye nezitshintshi zobushushu.

• 321 (UNS S32100)
  Izinzile nge-titanium, ilungele ukusetyenziswa kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu apho ukuna kwe-carbide kuyingxaki.

Nganye kwezi klasi ifumaneka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ezifana namaphepha, iipayipi, iibhari, kunye nezixhobo, kwaye ingabonelelwa yii-sakysteelngokweemfuno zeprojekthi yakho.

5. Izicelo ze-Austenitic Stainless Steel

Ngenxa yeempawu zazo ezilinganiselayo, iintsimbi ezingenasici ze-austenitic zisetyenziswa kumacandelo amaninzi:

1. Ishishini lokutya neziselo

I-304 kunye ne-316 zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo zokulungisa ukutya, iitanki, kunye nezixhobo ngenxa yococeko lwazo kunye nokumelana nokugqwala.

2. Ishishini leeKhemikhali kunye nelezeMithi

I-316L ithandwa kakhulu kwii-reactors, iipayipi, kunye neevalvu ezivezwe kwiikhemikhali ngenxa yokuba inamandla okuxhathisa iikloride.

3. Izixhobo zonyango nezotyando

Ngenxa yokucoceka kwazo kunye nokuhambelana kwazo nezinto eziphilayo, iintsimbi ezingenasici ezisetyenziswa kwizixhobo zotyando, izinto ezifakelweyo, kunye nezixhobo zesibhedlele.

4. Uyilo lweZakhiwo kunye noKwakha

Isetyenziswa kwiingubo zokugquma, ii-handrails, ii-facade, kunye neebhulorho ngenxa yobuhle bayo kunye nokumelana nokugqwala kwendalo.

5. Iimoto kunye nokuThuthwa

Iinkqubo zokukhupha umoya, izinto zokuhombisa, kunye nezinto zokwakha ziyazuza kukudibanisa amandla kunye nokumelana nokugqwala.

6. Izitshintshi zobushushu kunye neeBoilers

Amanqanaba aphezulu afana ne-310 asetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu ngenxa yokumelana kwawo ne-oxidation.

6. Indlela i-Austenitic ethelekiswa ngayo nezinye iintsimbi ezingenasici