Iyini i-Austenitic Stainless Steel?

I-Austenitic stainless steel ingenye yezinhlobo ezivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu zensimbi engagqwali kuzo zonke izimboni ngenxa yokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu, ukwakheka kwayo, kanye nezakhiwo ezingezona uzibuthe. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhileleke ekwakhiweni, ekucubunguleni ukudla, ekwenziweni kwamakhemikhali, noma ekukhiqizweni kwemishini yezokwelapha, kungenzeka ukuthi uhlangabezane nensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic ngaphandle kokuqaphela.

Kulesi sihloko esibanzi, sizochazaiyini i-austenitic insimbi engagqwali, izici zayo ezibalulekile, ukuthi iqhathaniswa kanjani nezinye izinhlobo zensimbi engagqwali, kanye nezicelo zayo. Uma ungumthengi wezinto ezibonakalayo noma unjiniyela ofuna ukucaca ekukhetheni insimbi efanele, lo mhlahlandlela kusukasakysteelkuzokusiza wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi.

1. Incazelo: Iyini i-Austenitic Stainless Steel?

Insimbi engagqwali ye-Austenitic iyisigaba sensimbi engagqwali echazwe yiyoI-face-centered cubic (FCC) isakhiwo sekristalu, eyaziwa ngokuthiisigaba se-austenite. Lesi sakhiwo sizinzile kuwo wonke amazinga okushisa futhi siyagcinwa ngisho nangemva kokupholisa kusuka emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.

Izinsimbi ezingenasici ze-Austenitici-non-magnetic esimweni esifakwe emanzini, ubei-chromium ephezulu (16–26%)futhii-nickel (6–22%)okuqukethwe, nokunikelaukumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu, ikakhulukazi uma kuqhathaniswa neminye imindeni yensimbi engagqwali.

2. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Izici eziyingqayizivele ze-austenitic stainless steel zivela ekwakhekeni kwamakhemikhali:

• I-Chromium: Inikeza ukumelana nokugqwala futhi yakha isendlalelo se-oxide esivikelayo ebusweni.

• I-Nickel: Iqinisa isakhiwo se-austenitic futhi sithuthukise i-ductility.

• I-Molybdenum (uma uthanda): Ithuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala nokugqwala ezindaweni ze-chloride.

• I-nitrogen: Ithuthukisa amandla nokumelana nokugqwala.

• Ikhabhoni (iphansi kakhulu): Ilawulwa ukugwema imvula ye-carbide nokugcina ukumelana nokugqwala.

Amabanga avamile afana ne-304 kanye ne-316 yensimbi engagqwali ayingxenye yaleli qembu.

3. Izici Eziyinhloko Zensimbi Engagqwali ye-Austenitic

1. Ukumelana Ne-Corrosion Okuhle Kakhulu

Izinsimbi ezingenasici ze-Austenitic zimelana kakhulu nezinhlobonhlobo zezindawo ezigqwalile. Lokhu kubandakanya ukugqwala komkhathi, ukuchayeka kokudla nesiphuzo, kanye namakhemikhali anolaka olumaphakathi ukuya kolumaphakathi.

2. Izakhiwo Ezingezona Zezibuthe

Esimweni esishubile, izinsimbi ezingenasici ze-austenitic ngokuvamile azinawo uzibuthe. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza okubandayo kungangenisa i-magnetism encane ngenxa yokwakheka kwe-martensite.

3. Ukushisela Okuhle

Lezi zinsimbi zingashiselwa kalula kusetshenziswa amasu okushisela ajwayelekile. Kungase kudingeke ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ukuze kugwenywe imvula ye-carbide kwamanye amamaki.

4. I-Ductility ephezulu kanye nokuqina

Amamaki e-Austenitic angadwetshwa, agobe, futhi akheke abe yizimo ezihlukahlukene ngaphandle kokuqhekeka. Zigcina ukuqina emazingeni okushisa aphezulu naphansi.

5. Akukho Ukushisa Ukuqina

Ngokungafani nezinsimbi ezingenasici ze-martensitic, amamaki e-austenitic awakwazi ukwenziwa lukhuni ngokwelashwa okushisa. Ngokuvamile baqiniswa ukusebenza okubandayo.

4. Amabanga Avamile e-Austenitic Stainless Steel

• I-304 (UNS S30400)
  Insimbi engagqwali esetshenziswa kakhulu. Ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu, ukwakheka okuhle, kufanelekile ezimbonini eziningi.

• I-316 (UNS S31600)
  Iqukethe i-molybdenum yokumelana nokugqwala okuthuthukisiwe, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ze-chloride ezifana nezinhlelo zasolwandle noma zasogwini.

• I-310 (UNS S31000)
  Ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, okusetshenziselwa izingxenye zesithando somlilo kanye nezishintshi zokushisa.

• I-321 (UNS S32100)
  Iqiniswe nge-titanium, ilungele ukusetshenziswa okunethempelesha ephezulu lapho imvula ye-carbide ikhathaza khona.

Ngalinye kulawa mabanga atholakala ngezindlela ezehlukene ezifana namashidi, amapayipi, imigoqo kanye nezinto ezifakwayo, futhi angahlinzekwa ngusakysteelngezidingo zakho zephrojekthi.

5. Izicelo ze-Austenitic Stainless Steel

Ngenxa yezakhiwo zabo ezilinganiselayo, izinsimbi ezingenasici ze-austenitic zisetshenziswa emikhakheni eminingi:

1. Imboni Yokudla Neziphuzo

I-304 kanye ne-316 zivame ukusetshenziselwa imishini yokucubungula ukudla, amathangi, nezitsha ngenxa yenhlanzeko yazo kanye nokumelana nokugqwala.

2. Imboni Yamakhemikhali Neyemithi

I-316L ithandwa kakhulu kuma-reactors, amapayipi, nama-valve avezwe kumakhemikhali ngenxa yokumelana kwayo okuphakeme nama-chloride.

3. Amadivayisi Ezokwelapha Nokuhlinza

Ngenxa yenhlanzeko nokuvumelana kwazo ngezinto eziphilayo, izinsimbi ezingenasici ze-austenitic zisetshenziselwa amathuluzi okuhlinza, izimila, kanye nemishini yasesibhedlela.

4. Izakhiwo kanye Nokwakha

Isetshenziswa ekuhlanganisweni, ama-handrails, ama-facade, namabhuloho ngenxa yokukhanga kobuhle nokumelana nokugqwala kwemvelo.

5. Ezezimoto Nezokuthutha

Amasistimu wokukhipha umoya, ukunquma, kanye nezingxenye zesakhiwo ziyazuza ekuhlanganisweni kwamandla nokumelana nokugqwala.

6. Izishintshi Zokushisa kanye nama-Boilers

Amabanga aphezulu njengo-310 asetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinezinga lokushisa eliphezulu ngenxa yokumelana kwawo ne-oxidation.

6. Indlela i-Austenitic eqhathaniswa ngayo nezinye izinsimbi ezingenasici