LIKEREITI TSA TŠEPE E CHESANG E PHOLISITSOENG

Tšepe e phuthiloeng ka mocheso ke e 'ngoe ea thepa e sebelisoang haholo tlhahisong, kahong, likoloing le mechining e boima. E tsebahala ka ho tenyetseha ha eona, ho boloka litšenyehelo hantle, le bonolo ba tlhahiso, tšepe e phuthiloeng ka mocheso e tla ka mefuta e fapaneng, e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e etselitsoe thepa e itseng ea mechini le litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso.

Ho utloisisalimaraka tsa tšepe e phutholohileng e chesange thusa baenjiniere, baetsi ba thepa le litsebi tsa theko ho khetha thepa e nepahetseng bakeng sa merero ea bona. Mekhahlelo e fapaneng e fapana ka matla, ho se fetohe, ho tiea, ho tjheseletsa le ho hanyetsa mafome. Sehloohong sena, re tla hlahloba mekhahlelo e meholo le mekhahlelo ea tšepe e phutholohileng e chesang, thepa ea eona le lits'ebetso tse tloaelehileng.

Tšepe e Chesang e Phuthoang ke Eng?

Tšepe e phuthoang e chesang e hlahisoa ka ho futhumatsa li-slab tsa tšepe ka holim'a mocheso oa tsona oa ho sebelisoa hape, hangata ho tloha ho 900°C ho isa ho 1100°C, ebe li li phuthoa ka libopeho tse lakatsehang. Hobane tšepe e phuthoa mochesong o phahameng, ho bonolo ho e bopa le ho e bopa, e leng se etsang hore e be e loketseng likarolo tse kholo tsa sebopeho le lits'ebetso moo mamello e nepahetseng e seng ea bohlokoa.

Ka mora ho pitikisa, tshepe e phodiswa moyeng, e leng se ka fellang ka diphetoho tse nyane tsa boholo empa se fa thepa sebopeho sa yona se ikgethang sa bokahodimo bo makukuno.

Matlotlo a Bohlokoa a Tšepe e Chesang e Phutholohileng

1. Sebopeho se Setle– Ho bonolo ho e bopa le ho e koba nakong ea tlhahiso.

2. Matla a Phahameng– E ka mamella meroalo e boima le litlhaselo.

3. Tlhahiso e Theko e Tlase– Ts'ebetso e fokolang ha e bapisoa le tšepe e phutholohileng e batang.

4. Ho feto-fetoha ha maemo– E loketse mefuta e mengata ea liindasteri.

5. Liphetoho tsa litekanyo– Mamello ha e thata joalo ka tšepe e phutholohileng e batang, empa e amoheleha bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse ngata.

Lihlopha tse ka Sehloohong tsa Mekhahlelo ea Tšepe e Chesitsoeng e Chesang

Mekhahlelo ea tšepe e phutholohileng e chesang ka kakaretso e ka aroloa ka lihlopha tse 'ne tse kholo:

1. Likereiti tsa Tšepe ea Khabone

2. Likereiti tsa Tšepe tsa Motsoako

3. Mekhahlelo ea Tšepe ea Matla a Phahameng a Tlase (HSLA)

4. Mekhahlelo e Ikhethang bakeng sa Likopo tse Ikhethang

1. Mekhahlelo ea Tšepe ea Khabone

Litšepe tsa khabone ke litšepe tse tloaelehileng tse phutholohileng tse chesang, tse hlalosoang ke litaba tsa tsona tsa khabone.

Tšepe e Tlase ea Khabone (Tšepe e Bobebe)

• Dikahare tsa Khabone– Ho fihlela ho 0.25%

• Mehlala– ASTM A36, S235JR

• Matlo– Ho tjheseletsa hantle haholo, ho dutla ho hotle, le theko e tlase.

• Likopo– Libalaka tsa sebopeho, tlhahiso e akaretsang, mosebetsi oa tšepe ea lakane.

Tšepe ea Khabone e Mahareng

• Dikahare tsa Khabone– 0.25% ho isa ho 0.60%

• Mehlala– C45, SAE 1045

• Matlo– Matla le ho thatafala ho feta tšepe e bonolo, ho ductility e itekanetseng.

• Likopo– Li-shaft, li-gear, li-axle, likarolo tsa mochini.

Tšepe e Phahameng ea Khabone

• Dikahare tsa Khabone– 0.60% ho isa ho 1.00%

• Mehlala– SAE 1095

• Matlo– Ho thatafala ho hoholo haholo, ho fokola ha ho ductility, ho hanela ho tsofala.

• Likopo– Lisepori, lisebelisoa tsa ho seha, lithapo tse matla haholo.

2. Mekhahlelo ea Tšepe ea Motsoako

Litšepe tsa alloy li na le likarolo tse ling tse kang chromium, molybdenum, nickel, kapa vanadium ho ntlafatsa thepa.

• 4140 Tšepe– Tšepe e kopantsoeng ea Chromium-molybdenum e matla haholo, e tiileng, le e hanyetsang ho tsofala. E tloaelehile indastering ea likoloi, oli le khase.

• 4340 Tšepe– Tšepe ea motsoako oa nickel-chromium-molybdenum e tsebahalang ka matla a phahameng le ho hanyetsa mokhathala.

• 8620 Tšepe– Motsoako oa nickel-chromium-molybdenum o sebelisetsoang likarolo tse nang le khase tse hlokang karolo e tiileng ea mantlha le bokaholimo bo thata.

3. Mekhahlelo ea Tšepe e Matla a Phahameng (HSLA)

Litšepe tsa HSLA li etselitsoe ho fana ka thepa e betere ea mechini le ho hanyetsa mafome ho feta tšepe ea carbon, ntle le ho eketsa boima haholo.

• Tšepe ea A572– Tšepe ea meaho e matla haholo e sebelisoang marokhong, mehahong le lisebelisoa tsa kaho.

• Tšepe ea A588 (Tšepe ea Boemo ba Leholimo)– E na le koporo le dielemente tse ding tsa ho kopanya bakeng sa ho thibela ho bola ho matla; e sebediswa meahong ya kantle ntle le ho penta.

• S355MC– Tšepe e matla haholo e sebelisoang liforeiming tsa likoloi le kheseng.

4. Mekhahlelo e Ikhethang bakeng sa Likopo tse Ikhethang

Mefuta e meng ea tšepe e phutholohileng e chesang e etselitsoe litlhoko tsa niche:

• AR400 / AR500– Tšepe e sa senyeheng e sebelisoang lisebelisoa tsa merafo le mechini e boima.

• Litšepe tsa Kaho ea Likepe (AH36, DH36)– Litšepe tse matla haholo bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa leoatleng le tsa leoatleng.

• Litšepe tsa Sejana sa Khatello (A516 Kereiti ea 70)– E etselitsoe liboiler le lijana tsa khatello.

• Litšepe tsa Terene– Likereiti tse khethehileng bakeng sa ho hanyetsa ho tsofala le ho tiea ha literene.

Maemo a Machaba a Tšepe e Chesang e Menoang

Linaha tse fapaneng li sebelisa litsamaiso tsa tsona tsa lihlopha le maemo a tšepe e phuthoang e chesang:

• ASTM (Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Teko le Lisebelisoa)– E tloaelehile United States, mohlala, ASTM A36, ASTM A572.

• EN (Selemo sa Europe)– Litekanyetso tsa Europe tse kang EN 10025-2 (S235, S355).

• JIS (Melao ea Liindasteri tsa Japane)– Mehlala e kenyelletsa SS400 le SM490.

• GB (Maemo a Naha a Sechaena)– Q235, Q345.

• Maemo a ISO– Litataiso tse lumellanang tsa machaba.

Ho Khetha Sehlopha se Nepahetseng sa Tšepe e Chesang e Chesang

Ha o khetha mofuta oa tšepe e phutholohileng e chesang, nahana ka:

1. Litlhoko tsa Matla a Mekaniki– Khetha sehlopha se nang le matla a ho thaepa le ho ntsha matla a loketseng.

2. Ho tjheseletsa– Mekgahlelo e tlase ya khabone e fana ka bokgoni bo betere ba ho tjheseletsa.

3. Khanyetso ea ts'enyeho– Litšepe tse tjhesang kapa litšepe tsa motsoako bakeng sa libaka tse thata.

4. Sebopeho– Litšepe tse bonolo li bonolo ho kobeha le ho bopa.

5. Litšenyehelo le Boteng ba tsona– Meputso e meng e fumaneha habonolo mebarakeng e itseng.

Tšepe e Menoang e Chesang khahlanong le Tšepe e Menoang e Batang