AMABANGA ENTSIMBI ESHISAYO EPHOLISIWE

Insimbi egoqwe ngokushisa ingenye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni, ekwakheni, ezimotweni, nasemishinini esindayo. Yaziwa ngokuguquguquka kwayo, ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko, kanye nokulula kokwenziwa, insimbi egoqwe ngokushisa iza ngamamaki amaningi, ngayinye yenzelwe izakhiwo ezithile zemishini kanye nezidingo zokusebenza.

Ukuqondaamazinga ensimbi egoqwe ngokushisakusiza onjiniyela, abakhiqizi, kanye nochwepheshe bokuthenga bakhethe izinto ezifanele amaphrojekthi abo. Amabanga ahlukene ayahlukahluka ngamandla, ukuguquguquka, ukuqina, ukushibilika, kanye nokumelana nokugqwala. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izigaba eziyinhloko kanye namazinga ensimbi eshisiwe eshisayo, izakhiwo zayo, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezivamile.

Iyini Insimbi Egoqiwe Eshisayo?

Insimbi egoqwe ngokushisa ikhiqizwa ngokushisa ama-slab ensimbi ngaphezu kokushisa kwawo okusetshenziswa kabusha, ngokuvamile cishe ku-900°C kuya ku-1100°C, bese ewagoqa abe yizimo ezifiselekayo. Ngenxa yokuthi insimbi igoqwa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, kulula ukuyibumba nokuyibumba, okwenza ifaneleke kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezinkulu zesakhiwo kanye nokusetshenziswa lapho ukubekezelelana okuqondile kungabalulekile khona.

Ngemva kokugingqika, insimbi ipholiswa emoyeni, okungase kuholele ekushintsheni okuncane kobukhulu kodwa kunikeza impahla ukuthungwa kwayo okungavamile kobuso.

Izakhiwo Eziyinhloko Zensimbi Eshisayo Egoqiwe

1. Ukwakheka Okuhle– Kulula ukuyibumba nokuyigoba ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza.

2. Ukuqina Okuphezulu– Iyakwazi ukumelana nemithwalo esindayo kanye nokushayisana.

3. Ukukhiqizwa Okungabizi Kakhulu– Ukucubungula okuncane uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi egoqiwe ebandayo.

4. Ukuguquguquka– Ifanele izimboni eziningi ezahlukene.

5. Izinguquko Ezinkulu– Ukubekezelela akuqinile njengensimbi egoqiwe ebandayo, kodwa kuyamukeleka ezinhlotsheni eziningi.

Izigaba Eziyinhloko Zamabanga Ensimbi Eshisayo Egoqiwe

Amamaki ensimbi ashisiwe ashisayo ngokuvamile angahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezine ezinkulu:

1. Amabanga Ensimbi Yekhabhoni

2. Amabanga Ensimbi Ye-Alloy

3. Amabanga Ensimbi Anamandla Aphezulu Aphansi (HSLA)

4. Amabanga Akhethekile Ezicelo Ezithile

1. Amabanga ensimbi yekhabhoni

Izinsimbi zekhabhoni yizona ezivame kakhulu ukugoqwa ezishisayo, ezichazwa okuqukethwe yikhabhoni.

Insimbi Enekhabhoni Ephansi (Insimbi Encane)

• Okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni– Kufika ku-0.25%

• Izibonelo– I-ASTM A36, S235JR

• Izakhiwo- Ukushibilika okuhle kakhulu, ukuguquguquka okuhle, nezindleko eziphansi.

• Izicelo– Imishayo yesakhiwo, ukwenziwa okuvamile, umsebenzi wensimbi eshidi.

Insimbi Yekhabhoni Ephakathi

• Okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni– 0.25% kuya ku-0.60%

• Izibonelo– C45, SAE 1045

• Izakhiwo– Amandla nokuqina okuphezulu kunensimbi ethambile, ukuguquguquka okumaphakathi.

• Izicelo– Ama-shaft, amagiya, ama-axle, izingxenye zomshini.

Insimbi Ephezulu Yekhabhoni

• Okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni– 0.60% kuya ku-1.00%

• Izibonelo– SAE 1095

• Izakhiwo– Ubulukhuni obuphezulu kakhulu, ukuguquguquka okuphansi, ukumelana nokuguguleka.

• Izicelo– Izipilingi, amathuluzi okusika, izintambo ezinamandla aphezulu.

2. Amabanga Ensimbi Ye-Alloy

Izinsimbi ze-alloy ziqukethe izinto ezengeziwe ezifana ne-chromium, i-molybdenum, i-nickel, noma i-vanadium ukuze kuthuthukiswe izakhiwo.

• 4140 Insimbi– Insimbi ye-chromium-molybdenum alloy enamandla aphezulu, ukuqina, kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka. Ivame kakhulu ezimbonini zezimoto, uwoyela, kanye negesi.

• 4340 Insimbi– Insimbi ye-alloy ye-nickel-chromium-molybdenum eyaziwa ngamandla aphezulu kanye nokumelana nokukhathala.

• Insimbi engu-8620– I-alloy ye-nickel-chromium-molybdenum esetshenziselwa izingxenye ezifakwe i-carburized ezidinga umongo oqinile kanye nobuso obuqinile.

3. Amabanga Ensimbi Anamandla Aphezulu Aphansi (HSLA)

Izinsimbi ze-HSLA zenzelwe ukuhlinzeka ngezakhiwo ezingcono zemishini kanye nokumelana okukhulu nokugqwala kunensimbi yekhabhoni, ngaphandle kokukhulisa isisindo kakhulu.

• Insimbi ye-A572– Insimbi eqinile yesakhiwo esetshenziswa emabhulohweni, ezakhiweni, kanye nasemishinini yokwakha.

• Insimbi ye-A588 (Insimbi Eshintsha Isimo Sezulu)– Iqukethe ithusi nezinye izinto zokuhlanganisa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokugqwala; isetshenziswa ezakhiweni zangaphandle ngaphandle kokupenda.

• I-S355MC– Insimbi enamandla kakhulu esetshenziswa ozimele bezimoto kanye ne-chassis.

4. Amabanga Akhethekile Ezicelo Ezithile

Amanye amamaki ensimbi ashisiwe aklanyelwe izidingo ze-niche:

• I-AR400 / I-AR500– Insimbi engagugi esetshenziswa emishinini yokumba kanye nemishini enzima.

• Izinsimbi Zokwakha Imikhumbi (AH36, DH36)– Izinsimbi ezinamandla aphezulu zezicelo zasemanzini nasogwini lolwandle.

• Izinsimbi Zesitsha Esicindezelekile (A516 Ibanga 70)– Yakhelwe ama-boilers kanye nemikhumbi yokucindezela.

• Izinsimbi Zesitimela– Amabanga akhethekile okumelana nokuguguleka okuphezulu kanye nokuqina emizileni yesitimela.

Izindinganiso Zomhlaba Wonke Zensimbi Egoqwe Ngokushisayo

Amazwe ahlukene asebenzisa izinhlelo zawo zokuhlukanisa kanye nezindinganiso zensimbi egoqwe ngokushisa:

• I-ASTM (i-American Society for Testing and Materials)– Kuvamile e-United States, isib., i-ASTM A36, i-ASTM A572.

• EN (i-European Norm)– Izindinganiso zaseYurophu ezifana ne-EN 10025-2 (S235, S355).

• I-JIS (Izindinganiso Zezimboni ZaseJapane)– Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-SS400 kanye ne-SM490.

• I-GB (Izindinganiso Zikazwelonke ZaseShayina)– Q235, Q345.

• Izindinganiso ze-ISO– Iziqondiso ezihambisanayo zomhlaba wonke.

Ukukhetha Ibanga Elifanele Lensimbi Eshisayo Egoqiwe

Uma ukhetha uhlobo lwensimbi olugoqwe ngokushisa, cabanga ngalokhu:

1. Izidingo Zamandla Emishini– Khetha ibanga elinamandla okubambelela afanele kanye nokwehla komthamo.

2. Ukushibilika– Amazinga aphansi ekhabhoni anikeza ukushintshwa okungcono.

3. Ukumelana Nokugqwala– Izinsimbi ezishintshayo noma izinsimbi ze-alloy ezindaweni ezinzima.

4. Ukwakheka– Izinsimbi ezithambile kulula ukuzigoba nokuzibumba.

5. Izindleko Nokutholakala– Amanye amamaki atholakala kalula ezimakethe ezithile.

Insimbi Egoqiwe Eshisayo vs. Ebandayo