NĀ PAPA O KE KILA ʻŌWELA

ʻO ke kila ʻōwili wela kekahi o nā mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hana ʻana, ke kūkulu ʻana, nā kaʻa, a me nā mīkini kaumaha. ʻIke ʻia no kona ʻano maʻalahi, ka pono o ke kumukūʻai, a me ka maʻalahi o ka hana ʻana, hele mai ke kila ʻōwili wela i nā ʻano he nui, i hoʻolālā ʻia kēlā me kēia no nā waiwai mechanical kikoʻī a me nā koi hana.

Ke hoʻomaopopo nei i kanā ʻano kila i ʻōwili wela ʻiakōkua i nā ʻenekinia, nā mea hana, a me nā loea kūʻai e koho i nā mea kūpono no kā lākou mau papahana. ʻOkoʻa nā papa like ʻole i ka ikaika, ka ductility, ka paʻakikī, ka weldability, a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka corrosion. Ma kēia ʻatikala, e ʻimi mākou i nā ʻano nui a me nā papa o ke kila i ʻōwili wela ʻia, ko lākou mau waiwai, a me nā noi maʻamau.

He aha ke kila ʻōwili wela?

Hana ʻia ke kila i ʻōwili wela ʻia ma ka hoʻomehana ʻana i nā papa kila ma luna o ko lākou mahana recrystallization, ma kahi o 900°C a i 1100°C, a laila ʻōwili iā lākou i nā ʻano i makemake ʻia. Ma muli o ka ʻōwili ʻia ʻana o ke kila i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ke ʻano a me ke kūkulu ʻana, e kūpono ana no nā ʻāpana kūkulu nui a me nā noi kahi ʻaʻole koʻikoʻi nā hoʻomanawanui pololei.

Ma hope o ka ʻōwili ʻana, hoʻomaʻalili ʻia ke kila i ka lewa, kahi e hopena ai i nā ʻokoʻa iki o ka nui akā hāʻawi i ka mea i kona ʻano ʻili ʻāʻī.

Nā Waiwai Koʻikoʻi o ke Kila Wela

1. Maikaʻi ke ʻano- Maʻalahi ke hoʻoponopono a kūlou i ka wā e hana ai.

2. Paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe- Hiki ke kū i nā ukana kaumaha a me nā hopena.

3. Hana Kūpono i ke Kumukūʻai– ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hana ʻana i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke kila i ʻōwili anu ʻia.

4. Ka maʻalahi- Kūpono no nā ʻano ʻoihana like ʻole.

5. Nā ʻokoʻa Ana– ʻAʻole paʻa nā hoʻomanawanui e like me ke kila i ʻōwili anu ʻia, akā ua ʻae ʻia no nā noi he nui.

Nā Māhele Nui o nā Papa Kila Wela

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā papa kila i ʻōwili wela ʻia i ʻehā mau ʻano nui:

1. Nā Papa Kila Kalapona

2. Nā Papa Kila Alloy

3. Nā Papa Kila Haʻahaʻa Ikaika Kiʻekiʻe (HSLA)

4. Nā Māka Kūikawā no nā Noi Kikoʻī

1. Nā Papa Kila Kalapona

ʻO nā kila kalapona nā kila i ʻōwili wela ʻia maʻamau, i wehewehe ʻia e ko lākou nui kalapona.

Ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa (kila palupalu)

• Ka nui o ke kalapona– A hiki i ka 0.25%

• Nā Laʻana– ASTM A36, S235JR

• Nā Waiwai- Ka hiki ke hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia, ka ductility maikaʻi, ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa.

• Nā noi– Nā kaola kūkulu, ka hana ʻana maʻamau, ka hana metala pepa.

Ke kila kalapona waena

• Ka nui o ke kalapona– 0.25% a i 0.60%

• Nā Laʻana– C45, SAE 1045

• Nā Waiwai- ʻOi aku ka ikaika a me ka paʻakikī ma mua o ke kila akahai, ductility waena.

• Nā noi– Nā ʻau, nā kia, nā ʻauamo, nā ʻāpana mīkini.

Ke kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe

• Ka nui o ke kalapona– 0.60% a i 1.00%

• Nā Laʻana– SAE 1095

• Nā Waiwai– Paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe loa, ductility haʻahaʻa, kūpaʻa i ke komo ʻana.

• Nā noi– Nā pūnāwai, nā mea ʻokiʻoki, nā uea ikaika kiʻekiʻe.

2. Nā Papa Kila Alloy

Aia i loko o nā kila alloy nā mea hou e like me chromium, molybdenum, nickel, a vanadium paha e hoʻonui i nā waiwai.

• 4140 kila– ʻO ke kila kila Chromium-molybdenum me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ka paʻakikī, a me ke kūpaʻa i ka ʻaʻahu. He mea maʻamau ia i nā ʻoihana kaʻa, aila, a me ke kinoea.

• 4340 kila– Nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy steel i ʻike ʻia no ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa i ka luhi.

• 8620 kila– ʻO ka hui nickel-chromium-molybdenum i hoʻohana ʻia no nā ʻāpana carburized e pono ai kahi ʻiʻo paʻakikī a me ka ʻili paʻakikī.

3. Nā Papa Kila Haʻahaʻa Ikaika Kiʻekiʻe (HSLA)

Ua hoʻolālā ʻia nā kila HSLA e hāʻawi i nā waiwai mechanical ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me ke kūpaʻa nui ʻana i ka pala ma mua o ke kila kalapona, me ka ʻole o ka hoʻonui nui ʻana i ke kaumaha.

• A572 kila– Ke kila kūkulu ikaika kiʻekiʻe i hoʻohana ʻia i nā alahaka, nā hale, a me nā lako hana kūkulu.

• Ke kila A588 (Ke kila no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka wā)– Loaʻa ke keleawe a me nā mea hoʻohuihui ʻē aʻe no ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ke kūpaʻa i ka pala; hoʻohana ʻia i nā hale o waho me ka ʻole o ka pena ʻana.

• S355MC– Ke kila ikaika kiʻekiʻe i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā mōlina a me nā chassis kaʻa.

4. Nā Māka Kūikawā no nā Noi Kikoʻī

Ua hana ʻia kekahi mau papa kila ʻōwili wela no nā koi niche:

• AR400 / AR500– Ke kila kūpaʻa i ka abrasion i hoʻohana ʻia i nā lako hana mining a me nā mīkini hana kaumaha.

• Nā kila hana moku (AH36, DH36)– Nā kila ikaika kiʻekiʻe no nā hana moana a me ke kai.

• Nā kila ipu kaomi (A516 Papa 70)- Hoʻolālā ʻia no nā paila a me nā moku kaomi.

• Nā kila kaʻaahi– Nā māka kūikawā no ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe a me ka paʻakikī i nā ala kaʻaahi.

Nā Kūlana Honua no ke kila ʻōwili wela

Hoʻohana nā ʻāina like ʻole i kā lākou mau ʻōnaehana hoʻonohonoho ponoʻī a me nā kūlana no ke kila i ʻōwili wela ʻia:

• ASTM (ʻAhahui ʻAmelika no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana a me nā mea hana)– He mea maʻamau ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, e laʻa, ASTM A36, ASTM A572.

• EN (Kūlana ʻEulopa)– Nā kūlana ʻEulopa e like me EN 10025-2 (S235, S355).

• JIS (Nā Kūlana ʻOihana Kepanī)– ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona e komo pū me SS400 a me SM490.

• GB (Nā Kūlana Lahui Kina)– Q235, Q345.

• Nā Kūlana ISO– Nā alakaʻi i kūlike ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.

Ke koho ʻana i ka papa kūpono o ke kila ʻōwili wela

I ke koho ʻana i kahi kila kila wela, e noʻonoʻo i kēia mau mea:

1. Nā Koina Ikaika Mekanika– E koho i kahi papa me ka ikaika tensile a me ka ikaika yield kūpono.

2. Ka hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia– Hāʻawi nā papa kalapona haʻahaʻa i ka hiki ke hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia.

3. Ke kū'ē ʻana i ka palaho– Nā kila e hoʻomaloʻo ana i ka wā a i ʻole nā ​​​​kila metala no nā wahi ʻino.

4. Ka hiki ke hoʻokumu– ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ke pelu ʻana a me ke ʻano ʻana i nā kila akahai.

5. Kumukūʻai a me ka Loaʻa– Loaʻa maʻalahi kekahi mau ʻano ma kekahi mau mākeke.

Ke kila ʻōwili wela vs. ke kila ʻōwili anu