Magiredhi esimbi inopisa yakamonerwa

Simbi inopfurwa inopisa ndeimwe yezvinhu zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira, kuvaka, mota, uye michina inorema. Inozivikanwa nekusiyana kwayo, kushanda kwayo zvakanaka, uye nyore kugadzira, simbi inopfurwa inopisa inouya mumhando dzakasiyana, imwe neimwe yakagadzirirwa hunhu hwayo hwemakanika uye zvinodiwa pakushanda.

Kunzwisisamhando dzesimbi inopisa yakakungurutswainobatsira mainjiniya, vagadziri, uye nyanzvi dzekutenga zvinhu kusarudza zvinhu zvakakodzera mapurojekiti avo. Magiredhi akasiyana anosiyana musimba, ductility, kusimba, weldability, uye kuramba ngura. Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora mapoka makuru uye magiredhi esimbi inopisa inoputirwa, hunhu hwayo, uye mashandisirwo akajairika.

Chii Chinonzi Simbi Inopisa Yakamonerwa?

Simbi inoputirwa inopisa inogadzirwa nekupisa simbi pamusoro pekupisa kwayo, kazhinji inenge 900°C kusvika 1100°C, uye yozoiputira kuita maumbirwo anodiwa. Nekuti simbi inoputirwa pakupisa kwakanyanya, iri nyore kuiumba, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera zvikamu zvikuru zvechivakwa uye mashandisirwo ayo uko kushivirira kwakanyatsonaka kusiri kwakakosha.

Mushure mekumonereka, simbi inotonhodzwa mumhepo, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kusiyana kudiki muhukuru asi zvinoita kuti chinhu chacho chive chakasimba.

Zvimiro Zvikuru zveSimbi Inopisa Yakaputirwa

1. Kuumbwa Kwakanaka- Zviri nyore kugadzira uye kukotama panguva yekugadzira.

2. Kusimba Kwakakwirira- Inogona kutsungirira mitoro inorema uye kuroverwa.

3. Kugadzira Kunoshanda Nemari Yakawanda- Kugadziriswa kushoma kana tichienzanisa nesimbi inotonhorera.

4. Kuchinja-chinja- Yakakodzera maindasitiri akasiyana-siyana.

5. Kusiyana kweDimensional– Kushivirira hakuna kusimba sesimbi inotonhorera inotonhora, asi zvinogamuchirwa kushandiswa kwakawanda.

Mapoka Makuru eMagiredhi eSimbi Inopisa Yakaputirwa

Magiredhi esimbi inopisa anogona kuiswa muzvikamu zvikuru zvina:

1. Magiredhi eSimbi yeCarbon

2. Magiredhi eSimbi yeChiwanikwa

3. Magiredhi eSimbi Akasimba Akaderera (HSLA)

4. Magiredhi Akakosha eZvikumbiro Zvakananga

1. Magiredhi eSimbi yeKabhoni

Simbi dzekabhoni ndidzo dzinonyanya kupiswa dzakaputirwa, dzinotsanangurwa nehuwandu hwekabhoni hwadzo.

Simbi Yekabhoni Yakaderera (Simbi Isina Kusimba)

• Zviri Mukati meKabhoni- Kusvika ku0.25%

• Mienzaniso– ASTM A36, S235JR

• Zvivakwa- Kuchinjika kwakanaka kwazvo, kugona kuchinjika zvakanaka, uye mutengo wakaderera.

• Mashandisirwo- Matanda ekuvaka, kugadzirwa kwakajairika, basa resimbi.

Simbi yeKabhoni Yepakati

• Zviri Mukati meKabhoni– 0.25% kusvika 0.60%

• Mienzaniso– C45, SAE 1045

• Zvivakwa– Simba rakawanda uye kuomarara kupfuura simbi isina kusimba, ine ductility iri pakati nepakati.

• Mashandisirwo– Migove, magiya, maekisero, zvikamu zvemuchina.

Simbi Yekabhoni Yakawanda

• Zviri Mukati meKabhoni- 0.60% kusvika 1.00%

• Mienzaniso– SAE 1095

• Zvivakwa– Kuomarara kwakanyanya, kupfava kwakaderera, uye kunodzivirira kupera.

• Mashandisirwo– Zvitubu, maturusi ekucheka, waya dzakasimba zvikuru.

2. Magiredhi eSimbi yeAlloy

Simbi dzesimbi dzine zvimwe zvinhu zvakaita sechromium, molybdenum, nickel, kana vanadium kuti dziwedzere kunaka kwesimbi.

• 4140 Simbi– Simbi yeChromium-molybdenum ine simba rakawanda, kusimba, uye kusakara. Inowanikwa mumaindasitiri emotokari, mafuta, uye gasi.

• 4340 Simbi– Simbi yesimbi yeNickel-chromium-molybdenum inozivikanwa nesimba rayo guru uye inodzivirira kuneta.

• 8620 Simbi– Nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy inoshandiswa pazvikamu zvakakangwa zvinoda simbi yakasimba uye nzvimbo yakaoma.

3. Simba Rakasimba Resimbi Risina Simba (HSLA)

Simbi dzeHSLA dzakagadzirirwa kupa hunhu huri nani hwemakanika uye kudzivirira ngura zvakanyanya kupfuura simbi yekabhoni, pasina kuwedzera huremu zvakanyanya.

• A572 Simbi– Simbi yakasimba kwazvo inoshandiswa mumabhiriji, zvivakwa, uye michina yekuvaka.

• A588 Simbi (Simbi Inodzivirira Mamiriro Ekunze)– Ine mhangura nezvimwe zvinhu zvinosanganisa ngura; inoshandiswa muzvivakwa zvekunze pasina kupenda.

• S355MC- Simbi yakasimba inoshandiswa mumafuremu emotokari uye chassis.

4. Magiredhi Akakosha eZvikumbiro Zvakasiyana

Mamwe magiredhi esimbi anopfurwa akagadzirwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvishoma:

• AR400 / AR500– Simbi inodzivirira kukuvadzwa inoshandiswa mumichina yekuchera migodhi nemichina inorema.

• Simbi dzekuvaka ngarava (AH36, DH36)– Simbi dzakasimba kwazvo dzekushandisa mugungwa nemugungwa.

• Simbi dzeMudziyo weDhizaini (A516 Giredhi 70)- Yakagadzirirwa mabhoyila nemidziyo yekumanikidza.

• Simbi dzeNjanji- Magiredhi akakosha ekudzivirira kupfeka zvakanyanya uye kusimba kwenjanji dzechitima.

Mitemo Yepasi Pose yeSimbi Inopisa Yakaputirwa

Nyika dzakasiyana dzinoshandisa masisitimu adzo ekupatsanura uye zviyero zvesimbi inopisa yakaputirwa:

• Sangano reAmerican for Testing and Materials (ASTM)– Inowanikwa muUnited States, semuenzaniso, ASTM A36, ASTM A572.

• EN (European Norm)- Mitemo yeEurope yakaita seEN 10025-2 (S235, S355).

• JIS (Maitiro Eindasitiri eJapan)- Mienzaniso inosanganisira SS400 neSM490.

• GB (Mitemo Yenyika yeChina)– Q235, Q345.

• Mitemo yeISO- Mitemo yakabatana yepasi rose.

Kusarudza Giredhi Rakakodzera reSimbi Inopisa Yakaputirwa

Pakusarudza simbi inopisa yakaputirwa, funga nezve:

1. Zvinodiwa zveSimba reMichina– Sarudza giredhi rine simba rakakodzera rekudhonza uye rinorema.

2. Kugona kusundira– Magiredhi mashoma ecarbon anopa mukana wekunamira zviri nani.

3. Kuramba Kuora– Simbi dzinopisa kana simbi dzemhando yepamusoro dzinoshandiswa munzvimbo dzakaoma.

4. Kuumbwa– Simbi dzakapfava dziri nyore kukotama uye kugadzira chimiro.

5. Mutengo uye Kuwanikwa- Mamwe magiredhi anowanikwa zviri nyore mumisika yakati wandei.

Simbi Yakaputirwa Inopisa vs. Simbi Yakaputirwa Inotonhora