AMABANGA ENTSIMBI ESHISAYO EQONGILEYO

Intsimbi eqengqelekayo eshushu yenye yezona zinto zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso, ulwakhiwo, iimoto, kunye noomatshini abakhulu. Eyaziwa ngokuguquguquka kwayo, ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko, kunye nokulula kokwenziwa kwayo, intsimbi eqengqelekayo eshushu iza kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo, nganye yenzelwe iipropati ezithile zoomatshini kunye neemfuno zokusebenza.

Ukuqondaamanqanaba esinyithi esitshisiweyo esishushuinceda iinjineli, abenzi bolu hlobo, kunye neengcali zokuthenga zikhethe izinto ezifanelekileyo kwiiprojekthi zabo. Amanqanaba ahlukeneyo ayahluka ngokwamandla, ukuguquguquka, ukuqina, ukudityaniswa, kunye nokumelana nokugqwala. Kweli nqaku, siza kuhlola iindidi eziphambili kunye namanqanaba entsimbi eshushu eqengqelekayo, iimpawu zayo, kunye nokusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo.

Yintoni iStill eHot Rolled?

Intsimbi eqengqelekayo eshushu iveliswa ngokufudumeza iislabhu zentsimbi ngaphezu kobushushu bazo bokuphinda zisetyenziswe, ngokuqhelekileyo malunga ne-900°C ukuya kwi-1100°C, uze uziqengqele zibe ziimo ezifunwayo. Ngenxa yokuba intsimbi iqengqeleka kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, kulula ukuyibumba nokuyila, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ilungele izinto ezinkulu zesakhiwo kunye nokusetyenziswa apho ukunyamezelana okuchanekileyo kungabalulekile.

Emva kokuqengqeleka, intsimbi ipholiswa emoyeni, nto leyo enokubangela utshintsho oluncinci ngobukhulu kodwa inika le nto ubume bayo oburhabaxa.

Iipropati eziphambili zentsimbi eshushu eqengqelekayo

1. Ukwakheka kakuhle– Kulula ukuyibumba nokugoba xa kusenziwa.

2. Ukuqina Okuphezulu– Iyakwazi ukumelana nemithwalo enzima kunye neempembelelo.

3. Imveliso Esebenza Ngexabiso Eliphantsi– Ukucubungula okuncinci xa kuthelekiswa nentsimbi eqengqelekayo ebandayo.

4. Ukuguquguquka– Ifanelekile kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zamashishini.

5. Utshintsho olunemilinganiselo– Ukunyamezelana akuqini njengentsimbi eqengqelekayo ebandayo, kodwa kuyamkeleka kwiindlela ezininzi zokusetyenziswa.

Iindidi eziphambili zeeBanga zeSteel eziShushu eziRoliweyo

Iiklasi zentsimbi eziqengqelekayo ezishushu ngokubanzi zingahlulwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezine eziphambili:

1. Amanqanaba eCarbon Steel

2. Amanqanaba e-Alloy Steel

3. Amanqanaba eNsimbi aMandla aPhantsi (HSLA)

4. Amabanga aKhethekileyo kwiZicelo ezithile

1. Amanqanaba entsimbi yekhabhoni

Iintsimbi zekhabhoni zezona ziqhelekileyo zishushu ezigoqiweyo, ezichazwa ngumxholo wazo wekhabhoni.

Intsimbi yeKhabhoni ephantsi (Intsimbi ethambileyo)

• Umxholo weCarbon– Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-0.25%

• Imizekelo– ASTM A36, S235JR

• Iipropati– Ukudityaniswa kakuhle, ukuguguleka okuhle, nexabiso eliphantsi.

• Izicelo– Imiqadi yesakhiwo, ukwenziwa ngokubanzi, umsebenzi wesinyithi.

Intsimbi yeKhabhoni ephakathi

• Umxholo weCarbon– 0.25% ukuya kwi-0.60%

• Imizekelo– C45, SAE 1045

• Iipropati– Amandla nobunzima obuphezulu kunentsimbi ethambileyo, ukuguguleka okuphakathi.

• Izicelo– Iishafts, iigiya, ii-axles, iindawo zomatshini.

Intsimbi yeCarbon ephezulu

• Umxholo weCarbon– 0.60% ukuya kwi-1.00%

• Imizekelo– SAE 1095

• Iipropati– Ubulukhuni obuphezulu kakhulu, ukuguguleka okuphantsi, ukumelana nokuguguleka.

• Izicelo– Izipilingi, izixhobo zokusika, iingcingo ezinamandla aphezulu.

2. Amanqanaba eNsimbi yeAlloy

Iintsimbi ze-alloy ziqulathe ezinye izinto ezifana ne-chromium, i-molybdenum, i-nickel, okanye i-vanadium ukuphucula iimpawu.

• 4140 Intsimbi– Intsimbi ye-chromium-molybdenum alloy enamandla aphezulu, ukuqina, kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka. Ixhaphakile kwimizi-mveliso yeemoto, yeoyile, kunye negesi.

• 4340 Intsimbi– Intsimbi ye-alloy ye-nickel-chromium-molybdenum eyaziwa ngokuba namandla aphezulu kunye nokumelana nokudinwa.

• 8620 Intsimbi– I-alloy ye-nickel-chromium-molybdenum esetyenziselwa iindawo ezine-carburized ezifuna umbindi oqinileyo kunye nomphezulu oqinileyo.

3. Amanqanaba entsimbi anamandla aphezulu (HSLA)

Iintsimbi ze-HSLA zenzelwe ukubonelela ngeempawu ezingcono zoomatshini kunye nokumelana okukhulu nokugqwala kunentsimbi yekhabhoni, ngaphandle kokunyusa ubunzima kakhulu.

• Intsimbi ye-A572– Isinyithi esomeleleyo esisetyenziswa kwiibhulorho, kwizakhiwo nakwizixhobo zokwakha.

• Intsimbi ye-A588 (Intsimbi yeMozulu)– Iqulethe ubhedu kunye nezinye izinto zokudibanisa ukuze kuphuculwe ukumelana nokugqwala; isetyenziswa kwizakhiwo zangaphandle ngaphandle kokupeyinta.

• S355MC– Intsimbi enamandla kakhulu esetyenziswa kwizakhelo zeemoto nakwi-chassis.

4. Amanqaku Akhethekileyo kwiZicelo Ezithile

Amanqanaba athile entsimbi egoqwe ngobushushu alungiselelwe iimfuno ze-niche:

• I-AR400 / I-AR500– Intsimbi enganyangekiyo kukukrala esetyenziswa kwizixhobo zemigodi kunye noomatshini abasebenza nzima.

• Iintsimbi zokwakha iinqanawa (AH36, DH36)– Iintsimbi ezinamandla aphezulu ezisetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa elwandle nasemaphandleni.

• Iintsimbi zeSitya soXinzelelo (A516 Grade 70)– Yenzelwe iibhoyila kunye neenqanawa zoxinzelelo.

• Iintsimbi zeSitimela– Amanqaku akhethekileyo okumelana nokuguguleka okuphezulu kunye nokuqina kwimizila kaloliwe.

Imigangatho Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yentsimbi Eshushu Eqengqelekayo

Amazwe ahlukeneyo asebenzisa iinkqubo zawo zokwahlulahlula kunye nemigangatho yentsimbi egoqwe ngobushushu:

• I-ASTM (uMbutho waseMelika woVavanyo kunye nezixhobo)– Ixhaphakile eMelika, umz., i-ASTM A36, i-ASTM A572.

• EN (iYurophu esemgangathweni)– Imigangatho yaseYurophu efana ne-EN 10025-2 (S235, S355).

• I-JIS (Imigangatho yeShishini yaseJapan)– Imizekelo iquka i-SS400 kunye ne-SM490.

• I-GB (iMigangatho yeSizwe yaseTshayina)– Q235, Q345.

• Imigangatho ye-ISO– Izikhokelo ezihambelanayo zehlabathi.

Ukukhetha iBanga elifanelekileyo leNtsimbi eShushu eRoliwe

Xa ukhetha uhlobo lwentsimbi egoqwe ngobushushu, cinga ngoku:

1. Iimfuneko Zamandla Oomatshini– Khetha uhlobo olunamandla okutsalwa nokukhupha isandi esifanelekileyo.

2. Ukuxinana– Amanqanaba aphantsi ekhabhoni anika ukudityaniswa okungcono.

3. Ukumelana nokugqwala– Iintsimbi ezigudileyo okanye iintsimbi ze-alloy ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinobungozi.

4. Ukubumbeka– Iintsimbi ezithambileyo kulula ukuzigoba nokuzibumba.

5. Ixabiso kunye nokuFumaneka– Amanye amanqanaba afumaneka lula kwiimarike ezithile.

Intsimbi Eqengqelekayo Eshushu vs. Intsimbi Eqengqelekayo Ebandayo