Yadda za a magance matsalolin da ke tattare da tsarin gyaran gashi

Ƙirƙira wani tsari ne da ake amfani da shi sosai wajen sarrafa ƙarfe ta amfani da ƙarfin matsewa. Yana da matuƙar muhimmanci wajen samar da abubuwa masu ƙarfi kamar flanges, shafts, gears, sanduna, da zobba a masana'antu kamar su sararin samaniya, motoci, mai da iskar gas, da kuma kera injuna.

Duk da fa'idodinsa—kamar ingantaccen tsarin hatsi, haɓaka halayen injiniya, da raguwar ramuka—tsarin ƙirƙira ba shi da ƙalubale. Rashin kulawa mara kyau ko rashin aiki mai kyau yayin ƙirƙira na iya haifar da lahani waɗanda ke lalata inganci, ƙarfi, da aikin samfurin ƙarshe.

Wannan labarin yana bincikamafi yawan matsalolin da ake fuskanta a cikin tsarin ƙirƙirar, dalilansu, yadda suke shafar ingancin samfura, da matakan kariya. Fahimtar waɗannan batutuwa yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga injiniyoyi, ƙungiyoyin kula da inganci, da manajojin sayayya waɗanda ke aiki da kayayyakin ƙarfe na jabu.

Kamfanin Tambari: Sakysteel

1. Cikowar Gawayi Ba Tare Da Cika Ba (Ƙaramin Cikowa)

Bayani:
Cika ƙasa yana faruwa ne lokacin da ƙarfe bai cika ramin da aka ƙera ba gaba ɗaya, wanda ke haifar da ɓacewar siffofi ko kuma girman da bai cika ba.

Dalilai:

• Rashin isasshen matsin lamba na ƙirƙira

• Ƙananan zafin jiki

• Tsarin mutu mara kyau

• Girman billet ɗin da bai dace ba

Tasiri:

• Rashin daidaito na girma

• Sake aiki ko ƙin sassa

• Rashin aikin injina mai kyau

Mafita:

• Daidaita sigogin ƙirƙira

• Yi zafi sosai a kan billet ɗin

• Yi amfani da tsarin lissafi mafi kyau

• Tabbatar da ingantaccen adadin billet ɗin

2. Laps da Sanyi Rufewa

Bayani:
Laps ɗin suna da naɗewa a saman, yayin da rufewar sanyi kuma su ne katsewar saman inda kwararar ƙarfe biyu ba sa haɗuwa daidai.

Dalilai:

• Tsarin da bai dace ba

• Ƙananan zafin jiki na ƙirƙira

• Rashin man shafawa ko kuma gurɓataccen saman dattin ...

Tasiri:

• Yankuna masu rauni a cikin sassan da aka ƙirƙira

• Sauƙin kamuwa da cuta a ƙarƙashin damuwa

• Rage gajiya

Mafita:

• Kula da tsarin da zafin jiki mai kyau na injin

• Guji juriyar kwararar ruwa mai yawa

• A shafa man shafawa mai daidai gwargwado

3. Fashewa (Fashewa mai zafi da sanyi)

Bayani:
Tsagewar na iya tasowa a lokacin ko bayan aikin ƙera saboda damuwa mai yawa, rashin kyawun kayan aiki, ko kuma sanyaya da sauri.

Nau'i:

• Fashewa mai zafi: Tsarinsa a yanayin zafi mai yawa saboda ƙarancin danshi

• Fashewar sanyi: Siffa yayin sanyaya saboda tsananin damuwa na ciki

Dalilai:

• Zafi fiye da kima

• Rashin iya sarrafa kayan abu

• Nauyin da ba shi da tsari

• Rashin kyawun saurin sanyaya

Tasiri:

• Matsalolin tsarin gine-gine masu tsanani

• Rage tauri

• Goge sassa

Mafita:

• Kula da zagayowar dumama

• Zaɓi kayan da ke da kyakkyawan ƙarfin yin amfani da su

• Yi amfani da dabarun sanyaya da aka sarrafa

• Gyara ƙirar mutu don rarraba damuwa iri ɗaya

4. Tsarin Sikeli

Bayani:
Iskar oxygen a saman billet a yanayin zafi mai yawa yana haifar da sikelin sikelin, wanda zai iya shiga cikin ƙarfe yayin ƙirƙirar.

Dalilai:

• Tsawon lokaci yana fuskantar zafin jiki mai yawa

• Yanayin murhu mara kyau

Tasiri:

• Gurɓatar saman

• Lalacewar kayan aiki yayin aikin

• Rage ingancin kammala saman

Mafita:

• Yi amfani da yanayi mai kariya ko tanderun iskar gas mara aiki

• Rage lokacin fallasawa

• Cire sikelin kafin wucewar ƙarshe ko injina

5. Raƙuman Ciki da Kofofi

Bayani:
Sau da yawa ba a ganin ramukan ciki ko ramuka amma suna iya rage ƙarfin injina na ɓangaren da aka ƙirƙira sosai.

Dalilai:

• Rashin isasshen matsin lamba

• Ingots ko billets marasa inganci

• Matsewar iskar gas

Tasiri:

• Ƙarfin gajiya mai ƙasa

• Babban haɗarin gazawa a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba

• Wahala a cikin duba ultrasonic

Mafita:

• Yi amfani da ingots ɗin da aka cire daga injin ko kuma waɗanda aka cire daga injin

• Aiwatar da isasshen ƙarfin matsawa

• Yi binciken NDT kamar gwajin ultrasonic

6. Rushewa da Rashin Daidaito

Bayani:
Na'urorin kashe gobara suna lalacewa akan lokaci, wanda ke shafar daidaiton sassan. Na'urorin kashe gobara marasa daidaito na iya haifar da kurakurai masu girma dabam dabam da kuma kurakurai masu girma dabam dabam.

Dalilai:

• Amfani mai yawan mita

• Daidaitaccen daidaiton datti yayin saitawa

• Rashin kulawa

Tasiri:

• Bambancin girma

• Ƙananan saman rufewa (don flanges)

• Ƙara yawan ƙin amincewa

Mafita:

• Shirya tsarin kula da kayan aiki na yau da kullun

• Yi amfani da kayan ado masu inganci

• Masu aikin jirgin ƙasa don saita ma'aunin da ya dace

7. Dumamawa ko Ƙonewa da Kayan Aiki

Bayani:
Yawan zafin da ake samu a cikin ƙarfe na iya haifar da girman hatsi ko ma ƙona ƙarfen, wanda hakan ke rage ƙarfinsa da kuma sauƙin sarrafa shi.

Dalilai:

• Rashin kula da yanayin zafi

• Rashin kulawa da mai aiki

• Tsawon lokaci na jiƙawa a cikin tanderu

Tasiri:

• Ƙirƙirar hatsi

• Raguwa a ɓangaren ƙarshe

• Fashewa da rage halayen injiniya

Mafita:

• Kula da zafin jiki ta amfani da pyrometers

• Yi amfani da madaidaicin lanƙwasa na zafin lokaci

• Ma'aikatan horo kan kekunan dumama

8. Fashewa da Lalacewa a Sama

Bayani:
Lalacewar da ke sama kamar ƙaiƙayi, ƙuraje, ko ƙuraje na iya faruwa yayin sarrafa billet, ƙirƙira, ko jigilar kaya.

Dalilai:

• Lalacewar billets

• Ayyukan kulawa marasa kyau

• Gurɓatar gawa

Tasiri:

• Rage juriyar tsatsa

• Sake aiki ko ƙin yarda

• Matsalolin kwalliya

Mafita:

• Duba da tsaftace billets kafin amfani

• Yi amfani da hanyoyin sarrafa kariya

• Tsaftace kayan aiki da na'urorin lantarki akai-akai

9. Rashin daidaiton kwararar hatsi

Bayani:
Hanyar da ba ta dace ba ta hanyar ƙirƙira abu zai iya haifar da rashin daidaiton kwararar hatsi, wanda hakan zai rage ƙarfi da aikin sassan da ke da mahimmanci.

Dalilai:

• Daidaiton mutu ba daidai ba

• Guduwar ƙarfe mara sarrafawa

• Tsarin preform mara kyau

Tasiri:

• Yankunan rauni a cikin samfurin

• Rashin juriya ga gajiya

• Rashin aiki da wuri a ƙarƙashin kaya

Mafita:

• Inganta ƙirar die da billet

• Yi amfani da software na kwaikwayo don hango kwararar hatsi

• Daidaita alkiblar ƙirƙira tare da hanyoyin damuwa

10. Damuwa da ta Rage

Bayani:
Sauran damuwa suna nan a makale a cikin ɓangaren da aka ƙirƙira saboda rashin sanyaya ko nakasa iri ɗaya.

Dalilai:

• Ƙirƙirar da ba ta da daidaito

• Sanyaya mara daidaituwa

• Kashewa da sauri

Tasiri:

• Warping a lokacin aikin

• Fashewa yayin maganin zafi

• Rashin daidaiton girma

Mafita:

• Yi amfani da maganin zafi bayan an ƙirƙira shi

• Yi amfani da daidaitattun ƙimar sanyaya

• Inganta matakan nakasawa

Matakan Kula da Inganci

Don rage lahani na ƙirƙira,sakystelyana amfani da tsauraran hanyoyin tabbatar da inganci:

• Dubawa na gani da girma

• Gwajin Ultrasonic (UT)kumaBinciken barbashi na maganadisu (MPI)

• Gwaje-gwajen tauri da tensilebayan maganin zafi

• Binciken ƙwayoyin microscopicdon daidaiton tsari

• Gwaji mara lalatawadon gano kurakuran ciki

Waɗannan matakan suna tabbatar da cewa kowace samfurin da aka ƙirƙira ya cika ƙa'idodin injina da aminci.

Kammalawa

Tsarin ƙera ƙarfe yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a masana'antar ƙarfe ta zamani, amma yana zuwa da ƙalubale iri-iri. Lalacewa kamar cika ƙasa da ruwa, tsagewa, samuwar sikelin, ko rashin daidaiton hatsi na iya yin tasiri sosai ga aiki, aminci, da tsawon lokacin sabis na ɓangaren ƙera ƙarfe.

Ta hanyar fahimtar musabbabin da kuma ɗaukar matakan kariya kamar ingantaccen ƙirar mutu, ingantaccen sarrafa dumama, da kuma ingantaccen bincike mai inganci, masana'antun za su iya rage yawan lahani da kuma inganta daidaiton samfura.