Kowiri tira kai: 304, 316L me te mutunga mata

Kupu Whakataki

Kowiri tira kaie pā ana ki ngā rauemi kowiri tira e tika ana mō te tukatuka kai, te rokiroki, te kawe me te horoi i ngā taiao ina tohua te taumata tika, te mutunga o te mata, te kounga hanga me te tikanga horoi. Ko te kowiri tira 304 te mea tino whiriwhiria mō ngā taputapu kai whānui, ngā tāke, ngā tēpu, ngā kaikawe me ngā wāhanga o te kīhini. Ko te kowiri tira 316L te mea e pai ake ana ki ngā wāhi e hiahia ana te hauota, te tote, te kai waikawa, ngā matū horoi kaha, ngā pūnaha akuaku whakarewa rānei kia pai ake te ātete ki te waikura. He rite te hiranga o te mutunga o te mata ki te taumata nā te mea ka taea e ngā mata taratara, karawarawa, kāore rānei i te pai te oro te pupuri i ngā toenga, te makuku me ngā moroiti.

Kaua te whiriwhiri i te maitai kore waikura kounga kai e whakawhirinaki noa ki ngā kupu "304" me "316L" rānei. Me tautuhi ngā kaihoko i te tono, te reo kai, te pāmahana, ngā matū horoi, te whakaritenga whakarewa, te taratara o te mata, te paerewa hua, te tiwhikete rauemi me te tikanga tirotiro. Tērā pea ka pai te mahi a te mata 304 maeneene, kua horoia tika i roto i te ratonga kai ngawari, engari ka taea tonu e te mata 316L taratara, poke rānei te whakararu i te akuaku me te waikura.

Ngā Horopaki Whakamahinga Kowiri tira Kai

Tērā pea ka pāngia ngā taputapu kai me te inu e te wai, te mamaoa, te hinu, te tote, te huka, ngā waikawa, ngā pūmua, ngā matū horoi me ngā patu huakita. He rerekē ngā tūponotanga waikura me te akuaku o ia taiao. Me whiriwhiri te rauemi tika i runga i ngā āhuatanga ratonga tūturu, kaua e whakamahi i te kotahi taumata mō ia wāhanga.

Tono	Te Taumata Tīmatanga i Manakohia	Whakaritenga Matua
Ngā Tēpu me ngā Whata Whakarite Kai	304	He mata maeneene, he ngāwari ki te horoi, ā, he ātete pai ki te waikura.
Ngā Anga o ngā Kawe me ngā Mīhini Kai	304, 316L rānei	Ko te kounga e whakawhirinaki ana ki te auau o te horoinga, te pānga ki te tote me ngā matū horoi.
Ngā Paipa Miraka me te Inu	316L te mea e pai ake ana	Te kounga o te whakarewa, te taratara o roto, te ngāwari ki te horoi me te ātete ki te waikura.
Ngā Taputapu Kai Moana me te Wai Tote	316L	He pai ake te ātete ki te hauota i te 304.
Te Tukatuka Kai Waikawa	316L, neke atu rānei te koranu i muri i te arotake	Ātete ki ngā waikawa waro, te pāmahana me ngā kaihoko horoi.
Te Rokiroki me te Tākai Kai Maroke	304	He mata ma, he iti te mōrearea o te poke, ā, he pai te mahi hanga.

304 vs 316L Kowiri tira kai

Whakataurite	304 Kowiri tira	316L Kowiri tira
Tohunga UNS	S30400	S31603
Tohu EN noa	1.4301	1.4404
Rerekētanga Matua o te Koranu	Kowiri tira austenitic chromium-nickel	Ko te maitai kore waikura austenitic chromium-nickel-molybdenum me te waro iti
Ātete ki te Waikura	He pai mō te kai whānui me ngā taiao o roto	He ātete pai ake ki te hauota, te tote me ngā matū horoi kaha
Āheitanga whakarewa	Pai; he pai ake te 304L mō ngā pūnaha whakarewa maha	Tino pai; ka āwhina te waro iti i ngā pūnaha akuaku kua whakarewaina
Utu Noa	I raro	He nui ake nā te nui o te molybdenum me te koranu
Te Whakamahinga Pai rawa atu	Te tukatuka kai whānui, ngā taputapu kīhini, ngā kai maroke me te horoi ngawari	Tote, wai tote, miraka, kaimoana, kai waikawa me ngā pūnaha kua horoia ki ngā matū

He aha te Hiranga o te Whakaotinga Mata i roto i ngā Taputapu Kai

Ka pā te mutunga o te mata ki te horoi, te pupuri huakita, te whanonga waikura me te āhua tirohanga. Ahakoa he kanapa te āhua o te mata maitai kore waikura, kei reira tonu ngā karawarawa, ngā poka, te rino kua tāmauhia, ngā tohu huri taratara rānei e mau ana i ngā toenga kai. Mō ngā wāhi e pā ana ki te kai, he māmā ake te horoi i ngā mata maeneene ake, he ōrite ake, ā, he iti ake te tūponotanga ka mau tonu ngā toenga hua.

Me tautuhi te whakaotinga e hiahiatia ana mā roto i ngā paearu ine, kaua mā roto noa i ngā kupu pēnei i te "kanapa", "whakakanapahia", "taumata kai" rānei. Me tautuhi e ngā kaihoko te momo mata, te ahunga whakakanapa, te uara Ra mōrahi ina hiahiatia, ngā hapa e whakaaetia ana, me te mea e pā ana te whakaritenga ki te mata o roto, ki te mata o waho, ki ngā mea e rua rānei.

Whakaotinga Mata	Whakaahuatanga Whānui	Te Whakamahinga Kai Noa
Whakaoti Mira 2B	He pepa maeneene kua hurihia matao me te whakaata ngawari	Ngā panera, ngā taupoki, ngā paepae me ngā hanganga whānui kāore e hiahiatia he oro nui.
BA Kanapa Whakamahana	He mata kanapa i hangaia mā te whakamahana i roto i te hau whakahaeretia	Ngā taputapu kai whakapaipai, ngā kāpata, ngā uhi me ngā mata ma e kitea ana.
Nama 4 Whakaoti Parai	He mata satin anga me te kakano whakakoi pai	Ngā taputapu kīhini, ngā tēpu kai, ngā whata, ngā panera me ngā taputapu hiko.
Kua orohia e te mīhini	Kua orohia hei whakaiti i te taratara me te whakapai ake i te māmā o te horoi	Ngā tāke, ngā mīhini whakaranu, ngā paipa akuaku me ngā mata e pā ana ki te kai.
Kua whakakanapahia ki te hiko	Te whakangawari hikohiko me te whakapai ake i te mata	Ngā pūnaha kai, miraka, inu, rongoā me te tukatuka ma, he tino parakore.

Ngā Tohu e Manakohia ana mō te Kowiri tira Kai

Tau	Te Whakamahinga Pai rawa atu	Te Herenga
304	Ngā taputapu kai whānui, ngā kai maroke, ngā taputapu kīhini, ngā tēpu me te horoi ngawari	He iti ake te ātete i te 316L i roto i te tote, te pūhaumāota me ngā taiao horoi kaha.
304L	Ngā tāke whakarewa, ngā paipa me ngā taputapu hanga i roto i te ratonga ngawari ki te ratonga taurite	Kāore i te pai mō ngā āhuatanga kino o te pūhaumāota, te tote rānei.
316	Ngā taputapu kai e pāngia ana e te tote, ngā kai waikawa me ngā kai horoi kaha ake	He nui ake te utu i te 304.
316L	Ngā pūnaha whakarewa hauora, ngā ratonga miraka, ngā inu, ngā kaimoana, ngā wai tote me te kai rongoā	Kāore i te ātete ki ngā pūhaumāota katoa, ki ngā matū tino kukū rānei.
Koranu takirua, teitei ake rānei	Te nui o te pūhaumāota, te tote pāmahana teitei, te horoi kaha, te hiahia kaha rānei	Me whai tohunga hoahoa, whakarewa me te arotake hoko.

Ngā Painga Rauemi i roto i te Tukatuka Kai

E whakamahia whānuitia ana ngā maitai kore waikura 304 me te 316L i roto i ngā taputapu kai nā te mea e whakakotahi ana i te ātete ki te waikura, te ngāwari ki te horoi, te mahi hanga me te kaha miihini. He pai hoki te pakari me te pono o te whanonga hanga o te maitai austenitic.

•Te horoi:Ka taea te horoi pinepine i ngā mata kowiri tira maeneene, me te kore e rahua te paninga.

•Ātete ki te waikura:Ka tautoko te chromium i tētahi kiriata kore mahi e ātete ana ki ngā taiao kai me te horoi maha.

•Āheinga whakarewa:He pai te 304L me te 316L mō te maha o ngā pūnaha akuaku whakarewa.

•Kaha ā-mīhini:Ka taea e te pepa, te pereti, te ngongo, te pae me te waea te tautoko i ngā hanganga taputapu me ngā wāhanga e neke ana.

•Ātete pāmahana:Ka taea e te kowiri tira te tu atu i te wai wera, te horoi mamaoa me ngā pāmahana tukanga maha.

•Te wātea:Kei te wātea ngā momo 304 me te 316L i roto i ngā momo pepa, pereti, paipa, ngongo, pae, waea me ngā wāhanga hanga.

Ngā Puka Hua Kowiri tira Kai

Puka Hua	Te Whakamahinga Noa	Arotahi ki ngā Whakatakotoranga
Pepa me te Pereti	Ngā tēpu, ngā tāke, ngā taupoki, ngā hopara, ngā panera me te hanga	Te māka, te matotoru, te papatahi, te mutunga, te tiaki kiriata me te MTC.
Paipa me te Ngongo	Ngā raina miraka, ngā raina inu, ngā pūnaha CIP, ngā whakawhiti wera me ngā paipa hauora	Te mata tautuhi, te taratara, te hononga whakarewa, te ma me te whakamātautau pēhanga.
Pae me te Rākau	Ngā toki, ngā here, ngā takirere, ngā wāhanga whakaranu me ngā wāhanga taputapu kai kua mīhinihia	Te ātete ki te diameter, te mata, te tika, te pakeke me te ngāwari ki te miihini.
Waea me te Mata	Ngā tātari, ngā mata, ngā kete, ngā whitiki kawe me ngā tatari	Te whānui o te waea, te rahi o te mata, te ma o te mata me te kounga.
Ngā Hononga me ngā Āpiti	Ngā paipa hauora, ngā hononga tukanga me ngā pūwero tāke	Paerewa ine, mata gasket, pito whakarewa, oro me te whai i te āhua.

Ngā Here me ngā Mōrearea Kōwhiringa

He ātete te maitai kore waikura ki te waikura, engari kāore e ātete ki te waikura. Ka puta te pakaru, te waikura kapiti, te paru tī me te poke o te mata ina pāngia te maitai kore waikura e te hauota, te wai pūmau, ngā patu huakita kaha, ngā toenga waikawa, ngā tikanga horoi kino rānei.

• Tērā pea ka poke, ka pakaru rānei te 304 i ngā kai tote, kaimoana me ngā taiao tote.

• He pai ake te āputa waikura o te 316L, engari ka taea tonu te whakaeke e ngā pūhaumāota kukū, e ngā matū kāore i te tika.

• Ka taea e ngā whakarewa taratara, ngā hononga me ngā kapiti kāore i orohia te mau i ngā toenga hua.

• Ka taea e te poke o te maitai waro mai i ngā taputapu, i ngā tēpu mahi rānei te whakapōrearea i te waikura.

• Me taurite ngā matū horoi kaha ki te kounga, te kukū, te pāmahana me te wā pa.

• Ko te hoahoa akuaku e hiahia ana kia tika te pari, te rerenga wai, te kōtaha whakarewa me te whakahaere waewae-kore, ehara i te mea ko te whiriwhiri rauemi pai anake.

Ngā Paerewa me ngā Whakaritenga Tiwhikete

Ko te hoko kowiri tira e pā ana ki te kai he tikanga e whakakotahi ana i ngā paerewa rauemi, ngā whakaritenga mata me ngā ture akuaku o te kaupapa. Ka taea te tono i te pepa kowiri tira, te pereti, te pae, te paipa me te ngongo kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga ASTM, ASME, EN, me ngā whakaritenga a te kiritaki rānei. Tērā pea ka hiahiatia he whakaritenga ā-rahi, ā-mata me te horoi tāpiri mō ngā ngongo hauora, ngā paipa me ngā taputapu kua orohia.

Tuhinga, Tirotiro rānei	Ngā Mea e Whakaū Ana
EN 10204 3.1 MTC	Te māka, te tau wera, te hanganga matū, ngā āhuatanga hangarau, te paerewa hua me te whai i te āhua.
Pūrongo Pākaritanga Mata	Te uara Ra, te mata i inehia, te taputapu, ngā wāhi me te hua tirotiro.
Pūrongo Ahu	Matotoru, Āhua o te kiko (OD), pakitara, roa, papatahi, tika, ngā inenga taunga rānei.
Pūrongo PMI	Ka whakaū i te tautuhi koranu, ā, ka ārai i ngā ranu rerekē o te karaehe 304/316L.
Rekoata Horoi, Whakakore rānei	E whakaatu ana i te horoinga o te mata, te whakakorenga i te paru, te tukanga whakahaere poke rānei ina hiahiatia.

Me pēhea te tautuhi i te maitai kore waikura kai

Me whakauru ngā whakaritenga hangarau katoa ki roto i tētahi RFQ, i tētahi ota hoko rānei, kaua ko te kupu "kai kounga anake".

✅ Taumata: 304, 304L, 316, 316L rānei.

✅ Te āhua o te hua: rau, pereti, paipa, ngongo, pae, waea, hononga, wāhanga hanga rānei.

✅ Te paerewa hua me te momo tiwhikete e hiahiatia ana.

✅ Ngā ine, ngā manawanui me te rahinga.

✅ He whakaotinga mata pēnei i te 2B, BA, Nama 4, kua orohia, kua hikohia rānei.

✅ Te uara Ra mōrahi mō ngā mata e pā ana ki te kai, ki ngā mata o roto rānei.

✅ Ngā whakaritenga mō te whakarewa, te piko, te hanga, te miihini rānei.

✅ Te reo kai, te pāmahana, te pānga ki te tote, te waikawa rānei, me ngā matū horoi.

✅ Parenga mata, kiriata, taupoki pito, takai ma rānei.

✅ EN 10204 3.1 MTC, pūrongo taratara, PMI, tirotiro rānei a te hunga tuatoru mēnā e hiahiatia ana.

Ngā Hapa a te Kaihoko

Te tono "kowiri tira kai anake":Kāore tēnei e tautuhi i te māka, te mutunga o te mata, te paerewa hua, ngā ine, ngā whakaritenga tiwhikete rānei.

Te whakamahi i te 304 i roto i te ratonga tote, wai tote rānei, me te kore arotake:Ko te 316L te kōwhiringa tīmatanga haumaru ake mō ngā taiao kai nui te pūhaumāota.

Te kore aro ki te taratara o te mata:Tērā pea he uaua ki te horoi i tētahi papa tika engari he taratara, he rakuraku rānei te mata.

Ki te whakaaro ko te whakaotinga whakaata te mea pai rawa atu:Ahakoa ka pai ake te āhua o te whakaata, ka whakawhirinaki anō hoki te pai o te akuaku ki te kounga o te whakarewa, te rerenga wai, ngā kapiti me te tikanga horoi.

Te whakaae ki ngā mata kāore i tiakina:Ka taea te waruwaru i ngā pepa kai me ngā ngongo kua orohia i te wā e kawe ana mēnā kāore i te tohua he kiriata, he takai, he parenga pito rānei.

Te wareware i ngā whakaritenga mō te rohe whakarewa:Tērā pea me whakamahi ngā taputapu kai whakarewa i ngā taumata waro-iti, he whakakī tika, he huri, he oro, he whakakorekore, he tirotiro hoki.

Mā te whakamahi i te taumata kotahi mō ngā wāhi katoa:Tērā pea me rerekē ngā momo me ngā whakaotinga o ngā anga o waho, o ngā taupoki maroke, o ngā tāke tote me ngā paipa hauora.

Ngā Pātai Auau

He aha te kowiri tira kounga kai?

Ko te kowiri tira kounga kai he kowiri tira kua tīpakohia, kua oti hoki te whakaoti mō te ratonga pa-kai, te ratonga tukatuka kai rānei. I te nuinga o te wā, me whai tohu tika pērā i te 304, te 316L rānei, he mata ka taea te horoi, he tika te hanga me te tiwhikete rauemi ka taea te whai.

He kounga kai te kowiri tira 304?

Ae, e whakamahia whānuitia ana te 304 mō ngā taputapu kai whānui, ngā hua o te kīhini, ngā tēpu, ngā tāke me ngā taiao tukatuka kai ngawari. Me tuku tonu me te whakaotinga mata tika, te āhua horoi me ngā whakaritenga tiwhikete tika.

He pai ake te 316L i te 304 mō te tukatuka kai?

He pai ake te 316L ina pā te taputapu ki te tote, te wai tote, te kaimoana, ngā hua waikawa, ngā matū horoi kaha, ngā pūnaha akuaku whakarewa rānei. He kōwhiringa utu-pai tonu te 304 mō ngā tono kai whānui me ngā kai maroke.

Ko tēhea āhua mata e pai ana mō te kowiri tira kai?

Ko te whakaotinga pai rawa atu kei runga i te whakamahinga. He mea noa te 2B me te Nama 4 mō ngā taputapu kai whānui, ko ngā mata kua orohia, kua hikohia rānei me te uara Ra kua tautuhia he mea pai ake mō ngā paipa hauora, ngā miraka, ngā inu me ngā pūnaha tino ma.

Ka waikura te maitai kore waikura kounga kai?

Ka taea te poke, te waikura rānei mēnā ka pāngia e te hauota, ngā toenga waikawa, te poke o te rino, te wai pūmau, ngā matū horoi kāore i te tika. Mā te whiriwhiri tika i te karaehe, te āhua maeneene o te mata, te horoi me te whakakore i te paru ka āwhina i te whakaiti i tēnei mōrearea.

He aha ngā tuhinga e tika ana kia tukuna mai me te kowiri tira kounga kai?

Ko ngā tuhinga noa ko te EN 10204 3.1 MTC, te hanganga matū, ngā āhuatanga miihini, te tau wera, te paerewa hua me ngā ine. Tērā pea ka hiahiatia he pūrongo taratara o te mata, te PMI, ngā tuhinga whakakorekore, te tirotiro rānei mai i te hunga tuatoru mō ngā taputapu kai akuaku, kai nui rānei.

Ngā Hua Kowiri tira e pā ana

Hua e pā ana	Te Whakamahinga Hoko
Rau Kowiri tira 304	Rauemi mō ngā panera taputapu kai, ngā tēpu, ngā uhi, ngā paepae me te hanga kīhini.
Pepa Kowiri tira 316L	He pepa whai molybdenum mō te tote, te wai tote, te miraka, te kaimoana me ngā taputapu kai kua horoia ki ngā matū.
Ngongo Parakore Kowiri tira	Ngā ngongo hauora mō ngā pūnaha miraka, inu, tukatuka kai me te whakawhiti akuaku.
Ngongo Kowiri tira 316L	Ngongo mō ngā pūnaha akuaku kua whakarewaina, ngā paipa tukanga, ngā raina wai ma me ngā taputapu whakawhiti wera.
Pae Porowhita Kowiri tira 304	He rakau pae mō ngā toki, ngā here, ngā takirere, ngā whakaranu me ngā wāhanga mīhini kai kua mīhinihia.

Whakamutunga

Ko te kōwhiringa o te maitai kore waikura kounga kai e whakawhirinaki ana ki te kounga, te mutunga o te mata, te kounga hanga me te taiao ratonga. Ko te 304 te whiringa whaihua mō ngā mahi tukatuka kai me ngā mahi kīhini whānui. Ko te 316L te mea e pai ake ana ki ngā wāhi ka nui ake te mōrearea o te waikura nā te tote, te hauota, te kai waikawa, te horoi matū auau, ngā pūnaha akuaku whakarewa rānei.

Mō te hoko pono, me tautuhi e ngā kaihoko te āhua o te hua, te tohu, te paerewa, ngā ine, te mutunga o te mata, te taratara, te whakaritenga horoi, te tiwhikete me te takai. Ko te whakakotahitanga tika o te 304, te 316L rānei me te mata kua orohia, kua horoia rānei, ka āwhina i te whakapai ake i te akuaku, te ātete ki te waikura me te roa o te ratonga o ngā taputapu.