Simbi isingasvibi inogona kushanduka isingashandise magineti here?

Simbi isina ngura ndeimwe yezvinhu zvinoshandiswa zvakasiyana-siyana mumaindasitiri akadai sekuvaka, mota, kugadzira chikafu, zvekurapa, uye simba. Inozivikanwa nekudzivirira kwayo ngura, simba rayo guru, uye chitarisiko chayo chakachena. Zvisinei, chimwe chezvinhu zvisinganyatsonzwisiswi zvesimbi isina ngura ndechekutisimba remaginetiVanhu vazhinji vanofunga kuti simbi dzese dzisina ngura hadzina magineti—asi izvi hazvisi zvechokwadi nguva dzose.

Chinyorwa chino chinoongororanei dzimwe simbi dzisina ngura dzine magineti uye dzimwe dzisina, kuti simba remagineti rinogona kuchinjwa sei kuburikidza nekugadzira kana kurapwa nekupisa, uye izvi zvinorevei kune akasiyana mashandisirwo. Semutengesi wepasi rose wezvigadzirwa zvesimbi isingasvibi zvine simba,SAKYSTELinotsanangura hwaro hwesainzi hwemaitiro emagineti musimbi isingatsvi uye kuti inogona sei kutarisirwa kusangana nezvinodiwa zveindasitiri.

1. Chii Chinosarudza Magnetism muSimbi Isina Stainless?

Kuti tinzwisise kana simbi isingasvibiki inogona kusashanda semagineti, tinofanira kutanga tatarisa chimiro chayo chemukati. Magnetism musimbi inonyanya kuenderana nekurongeka kwemaatomumuchimiro chavo chekristaro.

Simbi dzisina ngura dzakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvikuru zvakasiyana zvichienderana nechimiro chadzo chesimbi:

• Simbi dzisina ngura dzeAustenitic(semuenzaniso, 304, 316, 310S)

• Simbi dzisina ngura dzeFerritic(semuenzaniso, 430, 446)

• Simbi dzisina ngura dzeMartensitic(semuenzaniso, 410, 420)

• Simbi dzisina ngura mbiri(musanganiswa wezvikamu zve austenitic ne ferritic)

• Simbi dzisingagadziriswi dzinoomesa mvura(semuenzaniso, 17-4PH)

Pakati peizvi,simbi dzisina ngura dzinoshandiswa neausteniticndidzo dzinonyanya kuwanikwa uye kazhinjikwete magnetic mumamiriro avo ekunamirwa. Hunhu uhwu husina magineti hunokonzerwa nechimiro chavo chekristaro checubic (FCC) chinotaridzika pakati pechiso, chisingabvumidze ma domain egineti kuti aronge zviri nyore.

Pane rimwe divi,simbi dzisina ngura dzeferritic nemartensiticvane chimiro cheBCC (body-centered cubic), chinotsigira magnetic domain alignment, zvichiita kutiine simba remagineti.

2. Sei Dzimwe Simbi Dzisina Simba Dziine Magneti?

Mwero wemagineti musimbi isingatsvi unoenderana nehuwandu hweferrite or martensiteKana zvikamu izvi zvanyanya, simbi inova nemagnetic.

Semuyenzaniso:

• Magiredhi eFerriticzvakaita seAISI 430uyeAISI 446inogara iine magineti.

• Magiredhi eMartensiticzvakaita seAISI 410 or AISI 420zvakare ine magineti mushure mekupisa.

• Magiredhi eAusteniticzvakaita seAISI 304 kana 316kazhinji hadzina simba remagineti, asi dzinogona kuva simba remagineti zvishoma kana dzikaitwa nechando.

Kushanda panguva yechando—sengekukotama, kumonereka, kudhirowa, kana kugadzira—inoita kuti chimwe chimiro che austenitic chishanduke kuitamartensite, chikamu chemagineti. Kuchinja uku kunotsanangura chikonzero nei sinki yesimbi isingasvibi 304 inogona kuratidza simba remagineti pedyo nemakona akakombama kana mipendero yakagadzirwa zvakanyanya.

3. Simbi Isina Magineti Inogona Kusavazve Nesimba Remagineti Here?

Ehe, simbi isingasvibi inogona kusava nemagnetic zvakare, asi zvinoenderana nekugadzirwa kwayo uye kurapwa kwayo.

Kana simbi isina ngura ye austenitic (yakadai se304 kana 316) ikava nemagnetic nekuda kwekushanda kwechando,kurapwa nekupisa (annealing)inogona kudzoreredza mamiriro ayo asina magineti. Panguva yekubatidza, simbi inopiswa kusvika pakupisa kwakanyanya—kazhinji pakati pe1050°C ne1100°C—yobva yatonhodzwa nekukurumidza. Maitiro aya anobvumira chimiro chekristaro chakakanganisika kuchinja kuita chikamu chisina magineti zvizere.

Zvisinei,simbi dzisina ngura dzeferritic nemartensiticHazvigone kugadzirwa kuti zvisashandise magineti zvachose kuburikidza nekupisa, nekuti chimiro chavo chepasi chine magineti. Kunyangwe mushure mekunamirwa, magiredhi aya anoramba aine hunhu hwakasimba hwemagineti.

4. Sainzi Iri Kuseri Kwekusashandisa Magnetism KweAustenitic

Maitiro esimbi isina ngura ye austenitic akabatana zvakanyanya nemaitiro ayo ekugadzirazviri mu nickelNickel inosimbisa chimiro che austenitic patembiricha yemumba. Kana nickel yakawanda zvakakwana, simbi inochengetedza FCC crystal lattice yayo, iyo isingatsigire magnetism.

Semuyenzaniso:

• Nyora 304 simbi isina nguraine nickel ye8–10.5% uye inoramba isiri simba remagineti.

• Nyora 316 simbi isina ngura, ine 10–14% nickel uye 2–3% molybdenum, inopa simba rekudzivirira ngura zviri nani uye inoramba isina simba remagineti mumamiriro ezvinhu mazhinji.

Kana huwandu hwenickel hukadzikira (sekunge mune magiredhi enickel akaderera kana "200-series"), simbi inogona kuratidza simba remagineti mushure mekugadzirwa nekuti chimiro chacho chinova chisina kugadzikana zvishoma.

5. Zvinhu Zvinokanganisa Magnetism muSimbi Isina Stainless

Zvinhu zvakakosha zvakawanda zvinosarudza kana chikamu chesimbi isina ngura chine magineti kana kuti kwete:

a. Kuumbwa kweMakemikari

Zvinhu zvikuru zvinosanganisa simbi—chromium, nickel, molybdenum, uye manganese—zvinokanganisa kuenzana kuri pakati pezvikamu zve austenitic ne ferritic. Nickel ne nitrogen zvinosimudzira kusashandisa magnetism, ukuwo chromium nekabhoni zvichikurudzira magnetism.

b. Kurapa Kupisa

Kunyungudutsa kunogona kuderedza kana kubvisa magnetism musimbi dze austenitic, nepo kudzima kana kudziya kunogona kuwedzera magnetism mumhando dze martensitic.

c. Kushanda Nechando Uye Kushushikana Kwemagetsi

Kuchinja kwakadai sekukanda kana kutsika kunounza martensite inokonzerwa nekustrain, zvichiita kuti chinhu chacho chive nemagnetic zvishoma kunyangwe kana pakutanga chakanga chisiri magnetic.

d. Kushongedza

Nzvimbo inobatwa nekupisa (HAZ) musimbi dzisina ngura dzakasungirirwa dzimwe nguva inogona kuratidza magnetism isina kukwana nekuda kwekuchinja kwemaumbirwo emagetsi, kunyanya mumagiredhi maviri kana kuti austenitic.

6. Mashandisirwo Anoda Simbi Isina Magnetic Stainless

Simbi dzisina magineti dzakakosha mumaindasitiri anekupindira kwemagineti kunofanira kudzivirirwakana kuti hunhu hwemagineti hunogona kukanganisa mashandiro esimba. Mashandisirwo akajairika anosanganisira:

• Zvishandiso zvekurapa uye zvekuvhiya– Zvishandiso zvinoenderana neMRI hazvifanirwe kunge zvisina simba remagineti zvachose.

• Ndege nedziviriro- Mamwe masisitimu ekufambisa anoda zvinhu zvisingakanganisi simba remagineti.

• Magetsi nekutaurirana– Masensa nemidziyo zvinonzwa zvinofanira kushanda zvisina kukanganiswa nemagineti.

• Midziyo inopenya uye inodzima mhepo– Simbi dzisiri dzemagineti dzinodzivirira kukwezva magineti kusingadiwe kana kuunganidzwa kwekupisa.

• Midziyo yekugadzirisa makemikari nemakemikari– Magiredhi eAustenitic akadai se316L anopa mashandiro asingashandise magineti uye anodzivirira ngura.

Muzvikumbiro izvi,SAKYSTELinopa simbi dzisina ngura dzakagadzirwa nemazvo dzine hunhu husina simba remagineti, zvichiita kuti dzive dzakavimbika uye dzigare dzakagadzikana munzvimbo dzinoda simba.

7. Simbi Dzisina Magineti Dzinogona Kushandiswa Nesimbi Dzisina Magineti Here?

Simbi dzisina ngura mbiri, dzakadai se2205 (UNS S32205), ine zvikamu zve austenitic ne ferritic—zvinenge 50/50. Nekuda kweizvozvo, zvinoratidzasimba remagineti risina chikamuKunyange zvazvo zvisiri zvemagineti zvizere, kubvumidzwa kwavo kwemagineti kwakaderera pane kwesimbi dzesimbi dzine ferritic chete.

Izvi zvinoita kuti magiredhi maviri abatsire kana simba remagineti riri pakati nepakati richigamuchirwa asi simba rakawanda uye kuramba ngura zvichidikanwa—semunzvimbo dzinoshandiswa mafuta dziri kunze kwegungwa, nzvimbo dzinogadzira mafuta emunyu, uye mapaipi ekugadzirisa makemikari.

8. Kuedza Magnetism muSimbi Isina Stainless

Magnetism musimbi isina ngura inogona kuyerwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana:

a. Bvunzo reMagineti Rakareruka

Magineti inobatwa neruoko inogona kukurumidza kuona kana chinhu chesimbi isina ngura chine magineti kana kuti kwete. Kana magineti ikaramba yakasimba, chinhu chacho chine ferritic kana martensitic; kana chinokwezva chisina kusimba kana kuti chisipo, chingangove chiri austenitic.

b. Meter yekubvumidzwa kutenderera

Chishandiso chakanyatsojeka, chinonzi magnetic permeability meter, chinoyera relative magnetic permeability (µr) yesimbi.

• Simbi dzisingashandise magineti dzine huremu hwe µr hunosvika 1.0.

• Simbi dzine simba remagineti zvishoma (dzisina simba remagetsi) dzine µr pakati pe1.02 ne1.2.

• Simbi dzine simba remagineti dzinogona kuva ne µr pamusoro pe 2.0.

c. Kuongorora Kuumbwa Kwemakemikari

Zvigadziriso zvinotakurika zvakaita sepfuti dzeXRF (X-ray fluorescence) zvinogona kukurumidza kusimbisa mhando dzesimbi uye kuona kana simbi inotarisirwa kuva nemagnetic kana kuti kwete.

9. Maitiro Avagadziri Ekutonga Magnetism

Mukugadzirwa kwemazuva ano, hunhu hwemagineti hwesimbi isingatsvi hunogona kudzorwa nemazvo kuburikidza nekugadzira alloy uye process parameters. Vagadziri vanowanzo gadzirisamazinga e nickel, nitrogen, uye chromiumkuti pave nekuenzana kunodiwa pakati pezvivakwa zve austenitic ne ferritic.

Pamusoro pezvo,mavira ekunamisaine mhepo inodzorwa inoshandiswa kuderedza kushushikana uye kudzoreredza hunhu husina simba remagineti muzvinhu zvinogadzirwa nechando. Izvi zvakakosha zvikuru kumaindasitiri ane hunyanzvi hwakanyanya senge michina ye semiconductor, vacuum chambers, uye zvishandiso.

10. Ngano Dzakajairika NezveSimbi Isina Magnetic

Ngano 1: Simbi dzese dzisina ngura hadzina magineti

Izvi ndezvenhema. Mamwe mamakisi e austenitic chete ndiwo asingashandise magineti zvachose, nepo mamakisi eferritic nemartensitic ari emagineti.

Ngano yechipiri: Simbi dzisina ngura dzine magineti hadzina kunaka

Hazvisi zvechokwadi. Magnetism haina chekuita nekudzivirira ngura kana simba remakanika. Kutaura zvazviri, mamakisi emagineti akadai se430 ne410 anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumidziyo yekicheni nemidziyo yemotokari.

Ngano 3: Magnetism inoratidza simbi isina ngura isina kunaka

Kupindura kwemagineti hazvirevi kuti simbi yacho ndeyenhema kana kuti haina giredhi rakaderera. Masimbi mazhinji echokwadi e304 stainless steels anogona kuratidza simba remagineti mushure mekugadzirwa.

Ngano yechina: Kurapa kupisa kunogona kuita kuti chero simbi isina ngura isashande nemagineti

Kurapa kupisa kunoshanda chete kune austenitic grades. Ferritic nemartensitic steels hazvigone kubviswa magineti zvizere nekuda kwemaumbirwo azvo epakutanga.

11. Muenzaniso Wenyika Chaiyo: Simbi Isina Magnetizing 304

Funga nezvesimbi isingasvibi 304 iyo inova magnetic mushure mekudhonzwa zvakanyanya nechando. Kuti isashandise magnetic zvakare, inogona kushandiswayakanyungudutswa pa1080°Cichiteverwa nakudzima mvura nekukurumidzaMaitiro aya anobvisa martensite inokonzerwa nekusvuta uye anodzoreredza chikamu chakachena che austenitic.

Zvisinei, mhedzisiro yacho inoenderanawo nekuumbwa kwayo—kana nickel iri pasi zvishoma kana paine ma residual ferritic phases, simbi inogona kusazove isina simba remagineti zvachose.

12. Kusarudza Simbi Isina Kushanda Yakakodzera Pakushandisa Zvisiri zveMagineti

Kana kushanda kusina magineti kwakakosha, kusarudzwa kwezvinhu kunofanirwa kuenderana nezvose zviri zvivirikuumbwa kwemakemikariuyemaitiro ekugadziraIzvi zvinotevera sarudzo dzakavimbika dzisingashandise magineti: