Ha ho tluoa tabeng ea ho sebetsa ka tšepe le ho etsa thepa,ho lahlaleforgingke mekhoa e 'meli ea motheo e sebelisoang ho bopa tšepe hore e be likarolo tse sebetsang. Mekhoa ena ka bobeli e na le melemo le mathata a eona 'me e loketse lits'ebetso tse fapaneng, tikoloho le litebello tsa ts'ebetso.
Ho utloisisaphapang pakeng tsa ho betsa le ho qhekellae bohlokoa bakeng sa baenjiniere, litsebi tsa ho reka thepa, le batsamaisi ba merero ba batlang ho khetha mokhoa o nepahetseng oa tlhahiso bakeng sa likarolo tsa bona. Sengoliloeng sena se arola phapang ea bohlokoa lipakeng tsa ho lahla le ho theha ho latela ts'ebetso, thepa ea thepa, litšenyehelo, matla le tse ling.
sakysteel
Ho Lahlela ke Eng?
Ho lahlake mokgoa oo tshepe e qhibidihang ho ona hore e be seedi, e tshollelwe foromong, mme e dumelle ho tiya ka sebopeho se itseng. Ka mor'a ho pholile, hlobo e tlosoa, 'me sehlahisoa sa ho qetela se ka' na sa tsoela pele ho phethoa kapa ho etsoa mochine.
Ho na le mefuta e 'maloa ea mekhoa ea ho lahla, ho kenyelletsa:
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Ho lahla lehlabathe
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Ts'ebetso ea matsete (last-wax)
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Lefu la ho lahlela
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Ho lahla ha Centrifugal
Casting e loketse ho hlahisali-geometri tse rarahanenglebongataea likarolo tse nang leho sebetsa hanyane.
Ho Forging ke Eng?
Ho qapake mokhoa oa tlhahiso o kenyeletsangho bopa tshepe ka ho sebedisa matla a ho hatella, hangata ka lihamore kapa likhatiso. Hangata tšepe ee halefile empa e dula e tiile, 'me deformation e sebelisetsoa ho finyella foromo e lakatsehang.
Mefuta ea ho qhekella e kenyelletsa:
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Boqapi bo bulehileng
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Koaletsoeng-fa qhekella
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Mohatsela o phodileng
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Thepa e futhumetseng
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Ho letsa lesale
Ho fafatsa ho ntlafatsamatla a mochinilebotshepehi ba sebopehoya dikarolo tsa tshepe ka ho lekanya phallo ya dijo-thollo nqa ya kgatello ya maikutlo.
Liphapang tse ka Sehloohong Pakeng tsa Casting le Forging
1. Mokhoa oa Ts'ebetso
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Ho lahla: E akarelletsaho qhibilihisa tšepele ho e tšela ka har'a hlobo. Thepa e tiisa sebopeho se lakatsehang.
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Ho qapa: E akarelletsatshepe e thata e holofatsangho sebedisa matla a motjhini ho fihlela sebopeho.
Kakaretso: Casting ke phetoho ea mokelikeli ho ea ho tiileng, athe forging ke deformation e tiileng.
2. Thepa Thepa
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Ho lahla: Hangata e kenyelletsaporosity, ho honyela, lelijo-thollo discontinuitieska lebaka la ho pholisa.
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Ho qapa: Litlhahisosebopeho sa lijo-thollo se hloekisitsoeng, boima bo boholo, leho hanyetsa mokhathala o phahameng.
Kakaretso: Likarolo tse entsoeng li matla ebile li ka tšeptjoa, haholo-holo tlas'a tšusumetso kapa khatello ea kelello.
3. Matla a Mechini
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Ho lahla: E itekanetse ho isa ho matla a phahameng, empa e ka ba brittle le ho qhekelloa habonolo ke mapetsong kapa likoli.
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Ho qapa: Matla a phahameng ka lebaka la ho tsamaisana ha lijo-thollo le ho teteka ha tšepe.
Kakaretso: Forging e hlahisa likarolo tse nang letšusumetso e phahameng le matla a mokhathalahofeta ho lahla.
4. Surface Finish le Tolerances
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Ho lahla: E ka fihlella libaka tse boreleli le libopeho tse rarahaneng ka machining a fokolang.
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Ho qapa: Hangata e hloka ho qeta ho feta le ho sebetsa ka machining, haholo-holo lits'ebetsong tse bulehileng.
Kakaretso: Casting e fana ka qetello e betere ea pele; forging e ka hloka ts'ebetso ea bobeli.
5. Ho Rata Moralo
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Ho lahla: E loketse bakeng sadibopeho tse rarahanenglemarako a masesaaneseo se ne se tla ba thata ho se etsa.
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Ho qapa: E loketse hantle bakeng sabonolonyana, e lekananglibopeho ka lebaka la mefokolo ea lisebelisoa.
Kakaretso: Casting e tšehetsa meaho e rarahaneng le e se nang letho; forging e fokotswa ke die design.
6. Boholo le Boima ba Likarolo
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Ho lahla: E hlahisa habonololikarolo tse kholo le tse boima(mohlala, lihlopha tsa li-valve, matlo a pompo).
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Ho qapa: Ho sebelisoa hangata bakeng sadikarolo tse nyane ho isa ho tse mahareng, le hoja ho ka khoneha ho etsa lintho tse ngata.
Kakaretso: Casting e ratoa bakeng sa likarolo tse kholo haholo tse nang le litlhoko tse tlase tsa mochini.
7. Nako ea Ketapele le Lebelo la Tlhahiso
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Ho lahla: Ka tloaelo e potlakile bakeng sa meqolo e phahameng hang ha hlobo e lokisitsoe.
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Ho qapa: Butle ka lebaka la ho seta lisebelisoa le litlhoko tsa ho futhumatsa, empa e loketse hantle bakeng sa litsamaiso tse nyane ho isa ho tse mahareng tsa tlhahiso.
Kakaretso: Ho lahla ho sebetsa hantle haholo bakeng satlhahiso ka bongata; forging e fana ka matha a makhutšoane ka matla a holimo.
8. Litšenyehelo Papiso
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Ho lahla: Litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa lisebelisoa tsa pele, haholo-holo bakeng sa likarolo tse rarahaneng.
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Ho qapa: Litšenyehelo tse phahameng tsa lisebelisoa le matla, empamaemo a tlase a ho hlolehaletshebetso e betereka mor'a nako e itseng.
Kakaretso: Casting e theko e tlase pele; forging e fana kaboleng ba nako e telelelits'ebetsong tse sebetsang hantle haholo.
Tafole ea Papiso: Casting vs Forging
| Sebopeho | Ho lahla | Ho qapa |
|---|---|---|
| Tshebetso | Ho qhibidiha le ho tshela | Deformation tlas'a khatello |
| Matla | E itekanetseng | Phahameng |
| Sebopeho sa lijo-thollo | Random, discontinuous | E tsamaellana, e kopane |
| Ho rarahana | Holimo (libopeho tse rarahaneng) | Mahareng |
| Bokhoni ba boholo | E ntle bakeng sa likarolo tse kholo | E fokolang, empa e ntse e hōla |
| Surface Finish | E ntle (sebopeho se haufi-ufi) | E ka hloka mochini |
| Litšenyehelo | Ka tlaase bakeng sa likarolo tse rarahaneng | E phahameng ea pele, e tlase nako e telele |
| Likopo tse Tloaelehileng | Mehaho ea pompo, li-fittings, li-valve | Li-shafts, likere, li-flanges, li-axles |
Lisebelisoa tse Tloaelehileng
Lisebelisoa tsa ho Lahlela
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Li-block tsa enjine
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Mele ea li-valve
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Li-impellers
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Maqhubu a turbine (ho lahla ka nepo)
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Likarolo tse rarahaneng tsa bonono le tsa meralo
Forging Applications
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Li-crankshafts
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Melamu ea ho kopanya
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Li-gears le likheo tsa lisebelisoa
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Lisebelisoa tsa letsoho
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Li-flanges tsa khatello e phahameng
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Likarolo tsa sebopeho sa sepakapaka
Likarolo tse entsoeng li sebelisoa ka har'atšireletseho-bohlokoa le tikoloho e phahameng ea khatello ea maikutlo, ha likarolo tsa cast li tloaelehile homeralo e sa hlokeng boima le e rarahaneng.
Melemo le Mefokolo
Melemo ea ho Lahlela
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E ka hlahisa libopeho tse kholo, tse rarahaneng
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E na le litšenyehelo tse ngata bakeng sa tlhahiso e phahameng
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Litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa lisebelisoa
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Qetello e ntle ea bokaholimo
Ho Lahla Mefokolo
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Thepa e tlase ea mochini
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E ka hlaseloa ke bofokoli ba ka hare
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Brittle tlasa maemo a kgatello ya maikutlo
Melemo ea ho Forging
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Matla a phahameng le ho hanyetsa mokhathala
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Botšepehi bo ntlafetseng ba sebopeho
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Phallo e ntle ea lijo-thollo
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E loketse lits'ebetso tsa bohlokoa
Ho Rata Mefokolo
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E lekanyelitsoe ho libopeho tse bonolo
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Lisebelisoa tse theko e boima le ho seta
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E hloka mochini oa bobeli
Nako ea ho Khetha Casting vs Forging
| Boemo | Recommended Process |
|---|---|
| Li-geometri tse rarahaneng lia hlokahala | Ho lahla |
| Matla a phahameng ka ho fetisisa a hlokahalang | Ho qapa |
| Tlhahiso e ngata ea likarolo tse rarahaneng | Ho lahla |
| Tšebeliso ea sebopeho kapa polokeho ea bohlokoa | Ho qapa |
| Likarolo tse nang le litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa mojaro | Ho lahla |
| Lisebelisoa tsa tšepe tse sebetsang hantle | Ho qapa |
Qetello
Khetho pakeng tsaho lahla le ho qhekellaho itšetlehile ka litlhoko tse khethehileng tsa morero. Leha ho le joaloho lahlae loketse likarolo tse rarahaneng, tse nang le molumo o moholo o nang le litlhoko tse itekanetseng tsa mochini,forgingha e bapiloe ka matla, ho tiea, le ts'ebetso lits'ebetsong tse nang le khatello e phahameng ea maikutlo.
Ho utloisisa liphapang tsena ho lumella baenjiniere le bareki ho etsa liqeto tse bohlale tsa ho fumana chelete le ho ntlafatsa ts'epahalo ea karolo, ho boloka litšenyehelo le bophelo ba ts'ebeletso.
At sakysteel, re fana ka lihlahisoa tsa tšepe tse entsoeng le tse entsoeng ka bobeli tse lumellanang le maemo a lefats'e le litlhoko tse khethehileng tsa indasteri. Hore na o hloka li-flange tse qhetsoeng kapa li-fittings tse nepahetseng,sakysteele netefatsa boleng, traceability, le ho fana ka nako ka nako.
Nako ea poso: Aug-01-2025