Menene Kayayyakin Da Aka Yi Amfani da su don Ƙarfafawa?

Ƙirƙirar ƙirƙira shine tsarin masana'anta da aka yarda da su da yawa da ake amfani da su don siffata karafa ƙarƙashin matsin lamba. An san shi don samar da ƙarfi, abin dogaro, da abubuwan da ba su da lahani waɗanda ke da mahimmanci a cikin manyan masana'antu kamar kera motoci, sararin samaniya, mai da iskar gas, gini, da injina. Duk da haka, ba duk karafa ne suka dace da ƙirƙira ba.

Thekayan da ake amfani da su don ƙirƙiradole ne ya mallaki daidaitaccen haɗin ƙarfi, ductility, kwanciyar hankali na zafi, da injina don biyan buƙatun tsari da aikace-aikacen ƙarshe. Wannan labarin yana bincika abubuwan ƙirƙira na yau da kullun, mahimman kaddarorin su, da dalilin da yasa aka zaɓi su don masana'antu da muhalli daban-daban.

sakysteel

Bayanin Kayan Jarumi

Abubuwan da ake amfani da su wajen ƙirƙira sun faɗi zuwa kashi uku na farko:

1. Karfe Karfe(mai dauke da iron)

2. Karfe Ba-Ferrous(ba iron farko ba)

3. Alloys na Musamman(Nickel tushen, titanium, da cobalt gami)

Kowane nau'in yana ba da fa'idodi na musamman don ƙarfi, juriya na lalata, ƙimar farashi, ko aikin zafi mai zafi.

Ƙarfe-ƙarfe da ake amfani da su wajen Ƙarfafawa

1. Karfe Karfe

Karfe na Carbon na ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan ƙirƙira na yau da kullun saboda ƙarfinsa da ƙimar sa.

• Ƙananan Karfe Carbon (har zuwa 0.3% carbon)

  • High ductility da machinability

  • Ana amfani dashi a cikin sassan mota, kayan aikin hannu, da kayan ɗamara

• Matsakaicin Karfe Carbon (0.3% - 0.6% carbon)

  • Kyakkyawan ƙarfi da taurin

  • Na kowa a cikin shafts, gears, sanduna masu haɗawa

• Babban Karfe Carbon (0.6% - 1.0% carbon)

  • Mai tsananin wuya da juriya

  • Ana amfani dashi a cikin wukake, mutu, da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa

Mabuɗin maki: AISI 1018, AISI 1045, AISI 1095

2. Alloy Karfe

Ana haɓaka karafan gami da abubuwa kamar chromium, molybdenum, nickel, da vanadium don haɓaka tauri, ƙarfi, da juriya.

• Kyakkyawan hardenability da ƙarfin gajiya

• Za a iya yin maganin zafi don takamaiman kayan aikin injiniya

• Manufa don neman aikace-aikace

Amfanin gama gari: Crankshafts, kayan aikin watsawa, sassan tsarin

Mabuɗin maki: 4140, 4340, 8620, 42CrMo4

3. Bakin Karfe

An zaɓi bakin karfe don ƙirƙira lokacin da juriya na lalata shine fifiko.

• Babban abun ciki na chromium yana ba da iskar shaka da juriya na lalata

• Kyakkyawan ƙarfi da ƙarfi

• Ya dace da sarrafa abinci, ruwa, da masana'antun likitanci

Nau'ukan:

• Austenitic (misali, 304, 316): Mara maganadisu, babban juriyar lalata

• Martensitic (misali, 410, 420): Magnetic, taurin mafi girma

• Ferritic (misali, 430): Matsakaicin ƙarfi da juriyar lalata

Ƙungiyoyin Ƙirƙirar Jama'a: Flanges, famfo famfo, kayan aikin tiyata, fasteners

sakysteelyana ba da ɗimbin kewayon ƙirjin ƙarfe na ƙarfe wanda aka keɓance don aikace-aikace daban-daban.

Karfe Ba-Ferrous Da Ake Amfani Da Ƙarfafawa

1. Aluminum da Aluminum Alloys

Aluminum ana amfani dashi ko'ina wajen ƙirƙira saboda nauyinsa mai sauƙi, juriyar lalata, da ingantaccen ƙarfin-zuwa-nauyi.

• Sauƙi don ƙirƙira da injin

• Mafi dacewa don sararin samaniya, motoci, da sassan sufuri

Mabuɗin maki:

• 6061 - Babban ƙarfi da juriya na lalata

• 7075 - Babban ƙarfi, yawanci ana amfani dashi a cikin sararin samaniya

• 2024 - Kyakkyawan juriya ga gajiya

Aikace-aikace na yau da kullun: Sarrafa makamai, kayan aikin jirgin sama, matattarar ƙafa

2. Tagulla da Tagulla (Bronze da Brass)

Abubuwan da ke tushen jan ƙarfe suna ba da kyakkyawan yanayin wutar lantarki da yanayin zafi.

• Ana amfani da shi a cikin masu haɗin lantarki, kayan aikin famfo, kayan aikin ruwa

• Abubuwan da aka ƙirƙira suna tsayayya da lalacewa da lalata

Mabuɗin Alloys:

• C110 (tagulla mai tsafta)

• C360 (tagulla)

• C95400 (aluminum tagulla)

3. Magnesium Alloys

Ko da yake ba na kowa ba, ana amfani da alluran magnesium a inda kayan nauyi ke da mahimmanci.

• Babban ƙarfi-zuwa nauyi rabo

• Yawancin lokaci ana amfani dashi a sararin samaniya da lantarki

• Yana buƙatar yanayin ƙirƙira mai sarrafawa

Iyakance: Ya fi tsada kuma mai amsawa yayin sarrafawa

Alloys Na Musamman Da Aka Yi Amfani da su wajen Ƙirƙira

1. Alloys na tushen nickel

Alloys nickel an ƙirƙira su don fitattun yanayin zafinsu da juriya na lalata.

• Mahimmanci a sarrafa sinadarai, samar da wutar lantarki, da sararin samaniya

• Jure matsanancin damuwa, zafi, da harin sinadarai

Mabuɗin maki:

• Inconel 625, 718

• Monel 400

• Hastelloy C-22, C-276

sakysteelyana samar da ingantattun kayan aikin nickel don yanayin sabis mai tsanani.

2. Titanium da Titanium Alloys

Titanium yana ba da haɗin gwiwa na musamman na ƙarfi, ƙarancin ƙima, da juriya na lalata.

• Ana amfani dashi a cikin sararin samaniya, ruwa, da aikace-aikacen likita

• Mai tsada amma manufa inda aiki ya tabbatar da farashin

Mabuɗin maki:

• Darasi na 2 (tsarki na kasuwanci)

• Ti-6Al-4V (marar sararin samaniya mai ƙarfi)

3. Cobalt Alloys

Juzu'i na tushen cobalt suna da juriya sosai kuma suna da ƙarfi a yanayin zafi.

• Na kowa a cikin kayan injin turbine, sassan injin, dasawa na likita

• Babban farashi yana iyakance amfani da aikace-aikace na musamman

Abubuwan Da Ke Tasirin Zaɓin Kayan Aiki a Ƙirƙira

Zaɓin kayan da ya dace don ƙirƙira ya dogara da abubuwa masu mahimmanci da yawa:

• Bukatun ƙarfin injina

• Lalata da oxidation juriya

• Yanayin aiki

• Machinability da tsari

• Gajiya da juriya

• Farashin da samuwa

Dole ne injiniyoyi su daidaita waɗannan abubuwan don tabbatar da cewa ɓangarorin na jabu na yin aiki da aminci a yanayin amfaninsa na ƙarshe.

Samfura gama-gari ta Nau'in Abu