Zeziphi izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza izinto?

I-Forging yinkqubo yokuvelisa eyamkelwa ngokubanzi esetyenziselwa ukubumba isinyithi phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu. Yaziwa ngokuvelisa izinto ezomeleleyo, ezithembekileyo, kunye nezimelana neziphene eziyimfuneko kumashishini asebenza ngokuphezulu anjengeemoto, i-aerospace, i-oyile negesi, ulwakhiwo kunye noomatshini. Nangona kunjalo, ayizizo zonke iintsimbi ezifanelekileyo ukubumba.

Iizinto ezisetyenziselwa ukubumbakufuneka babe nendibaniselwano elungileyo yamandla, i-ductility, uzinzo lwe-thermal, kunye nobuchule bokuhlangabezana neemfuno zenkqubo kunye nesicelo sokugqibela. Eli nqaku liphonononga ezona zixhobo ziqhelekileyo zokubumba, iipropathi zazo eziphambili, kwaye kutheni zikhethwa kumashishini ahlukeneyo kunye neendawo ezisingqongileyo.

sakysteel

Isishwankathelo seMathiriyeli yokuQinisa

Izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ekwenzeni izinto ziwela kwiindidi ezintathu eziphambili:

1. Iintsimbi zentsimbi(iqulathe intsimbi)

2. Iintsimbi ezingezizo ezoNyore(hayi intsimbi yokuqala)

3. I-Specialty Alloys(i-nickel-based, titanium, kunye ne-cobalt alloys)

Uhlobo ngalunye lubonelela ngeenzuzo ezizodwa zamandla, ukuxhathisa ukubola, ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko, okanye ukusebenza okuphezulu kobushushu.

Iintsimbi eziFrerous ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza

1. Intsimbi yeCarbon

Intsimbi yeCarbon yenye yezona zinto zixhaphakileyo zokubumba ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko.

• Intsimbi yeCarbon ephantsi (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-0.3% yekhabhoni)

  • I-ductility ephezulu kunye nokuchaneka

  • Isetyenziswa kwiindawo zemoto, izixhobo zezandla, kunye nezinto ezifakelwayo

• Intsimbi yeKhabhoni ePhakathi (0.3%–0.6% carbon)

  • Amandla angcono kunye nobunzima

  • Okuqhelekileyo kwi-shafts, iigiya, iintonga zokudibanisa

• Intsimbi yeCarbon ePhezulu (0.6%–1.0% carbon)

  • Inzima kakhulu kwaye ayigugi

  • Isetyenziswa kwiimela, iifa, kunye nemithombo

AmaBanga aPhambili: AISI 1018, AISI 1045, AISI 1095

2. Intsimbi yentsimbi

Iintsimbi ze-alloy zongezwa ngezinto ezifana ne-chromium, i-molybdenum, i-nickel, kunye ne-vanadium ukuphucula ukuqina, amandla, kunye nokumelana nokunxiba.

• Ukuqina okugqwesileyo kunye namandla okudinwa

• Inokunyangwa ngobushushu kwiimpawu ezithile zoomatshini

• Ilungele izicelo ezifunayo

Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo: IiCrankshafts, iigiya zothumelo, iinxalenye zesakhiwo

AmaBanga aPhambili: 4140, 4340, 8620, 42CrMo4

3. Yenziwe ngentsimbi eshayinayo

Insimbi engenasici ikhethwa ukuba ibunjwe xa ukuxhathisa ukubola kuyinto ephambili.

• Umxholo ophezulu wechromium unika i-oxidation kunye nokumelana nokubola

• Amandla amahle kunye nokuqina

• Ilungele ukwenziwa kokutya, elwandle, nakumashishini ezonyango

Iintlobo:

• I-Austenitic (umzekelo, i-304, i-316): I-non-magnetic, i-corrosion resistance resistance

• IMartensitic (umz., 410, 420): Imagnethi, ubulukhuni obuphezulu

• I-Ferritic (umzekelo, i-430): Amandla aphakathi kunye nokumelana nokubola

Izahlulo ezakhiweyo eziqhelekileyo: Iiflange, i-pump shafts, izixhobo zotyando, izibophelelo

sakysteelibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lweentsimbi zentsimbi ezifakelweyo ezilungiselelwe izicelo ezahlukeneyo.

Izinyithi ezingezizo ezoNyore ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza izinto

1. I-Aluminiyam kunye ne-Aluminiyam i-alloys

I-aluminiyam isetyenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni izinto ngenxa yobunzima bayo obulula, ukuxhathisa ukubola, kunye nomlinganiselo ogqwesileyo wokuqina kobunzima.

• Kulula ukwenza kunye nomatshini

• Ilungele i-aerospace, iimoto, kunye neendawo zokuhamba

AmaBanga aPhambili:

• I-6061 - Amandla aphezulu kunye nokumelana nokubola

• 7075-Amandla aphezulu, ahlala esetyenziswa kwi-aerospace

• Ngo-2024-Ukumelana nokudinwa okugqwesileyo

Usetyenziso oluqhelekileyo: Lawula iingalo, izixhobo zenqwelomoya, iihabhu zamavili

2. Ingxubevange yobhedu kunye nobhedu (iBronze kunye nobhedu)

Izinto ezisekelwe kwi-Copper zibonelela ngokugqwesileyo kombane kunye ne-thermal conductivity.

• Isetyenziswe kwizixhumi zombane, izixhobo zemibhobho, izixhobo zaselwandle

• Iindawo ezibunjiweyo zixhathisa ukuguga kunye nokubola

Ii-alloys eziphambili:

• C110 (ubhedu olusulungekileyo)

• I-C360 (ubhedu)

• I-C95400 (i-aluminiyam yobhedu)

3. I-Magnesium Alloys

Nangona ingaqhelekanga, i-magnesium alloys isetyenziswa apho izinto ezinobunzima zibaluleke kakhulu.

• Umlinganiselo ophezulu wamandla ukuya kubunzima

• Isetyenziswa rhoqo kwi-aerospace kunye ne-elektroniki

• Ifuna imiqathango yokukhohlisa elawulwayo

Ukulinganiselwa: Ibiza kakhulu kwaye iyasebenza ngexesha lokucubungula

I-Specialty Alloys esetyenziselwa ukwenza

1. I-Nickel-Based Alloys

Iialloys ze-nickel zenziwe ngenxa yobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nomhlwa.

• Ibalulekile ekusetyenzweni kweekhemikhali, ukuveliswa kwamandla, kunye ne-aerospace

• Ukumelana noxinzelelo olugqithisileyo, ubushushu, kunye nokuhlaselwa kweekhemikhali

AmaBanga aPhambili:

• Inconel 625, 718

• IMonel 400

• Hastelloy C-22, C-276

sakysteelibonelela nge-nickel alloy forgings kwiimeko zenkonzo ezinzima.

2. I-Titanium kunye ne-Titanium Alloys

I-Titanium inika indibaniselwano eyodwa yamandla, ingxinano ephantsi, kunye nokuxhathisa umhlwa.

• Isetyenziswa kwi-aerospace, elwandle, nakwizicelo zonyango

• Iyabiza kodwa ifanelekile apho ukusebenza kuthethelela iindleko

AmaBanga aPhambili:

• IBanga lesi-2 (lisulungekile ngokwentengiso)

• I-Ti-6Al-4V (inqanaba eliphezulu lamandla e-aerospace)

3. Iingxube zeCobalt

I-cobalt-based forgings iyaxhathisa kakhulu kwaye igcina amandla kumaqondo aphezulu.

• Ixhaphakile kumacandelo e-injini, iinxalenye ze-injini, ukufakelwa kwezonyango

• Iindleko eziphezulu zinciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwizicelo ezizodwa kakhulu

Izinto eziPhembelela uKhetho lweMpahla kwi-Forging

Ukukhetha imathiriyeli efanelekileyo yokubumba kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi eziphambili:

• Iimfuno zamandla oomatshini

• Ukonakala kunye nokumelana ne-oxidation

• Ubushushu bokusebenza

• Ubuchule kunye nokwakheka

• Ukudinwa kunye nokumelana nokunxiba

• Iindleko kunye nokufumaneka

Iinjineli kufuneka zilungelelanise ezi zinto ukuqinisekisa ukuba icandelo elibunjiweyo lisebenza ngokuthembekileyo kwindawo yalo yokusetyenziswa kokuphela.

IiMveliso eziQhelekileyo eziQhelekileyo ngohlobo lwezinto