Yiziphi Izinto Ezisetshenziswayo Zokwakha?

I-Forging iyinqubo yokukhiqiza eyamukelwa kabanzi esetshenziselwa ukubumba izinsimbi ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu. Kwaziwa ngokukhiqiza izingxenye eziqinile, ezithembekile, nezimelana namaphutha ezibalulekile ezimbonini ezisebenza kahle njengezezimoto, i-aerospace, uwoyela negesi, ezokwakha, nemishini. Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izinsimbi ezifanele ukwenziwa.

Iizinto ezisetshenziselwa ukwakhakumele ibe nenhlanganisela efanele yamandla, i-ductility, ukuzinza kwe-thermal, kanye nokukwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zenqubo kanye nesicelo sokugcina. Lesi sihloko sihlola izinto zokwakha ezivame kakhulu, izakhiwo zazo ezibalulekile, nokuthi kungani zikhethelwa izimboni nezindawo ezahlukahlukene.

sakysteel

Uhlolojikelele Lwezinto Zokuqamba

Izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukukhanga ziwela ezigabeni ezintathu eziyinhloko:

1. Izinsimbi Ezisansimbi(equkethe insimbi)

2. Izinsimbi Ezingeyona Insimbi(hhayi insimbi ngokuyinhloko)

3. I-Specialty Alloys(i-nickel-based, titanium, ne-cobalt alloys)

Uhlobo ngalunye lunikeza izinzuzo ezihlukile zamandla, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukuphumelela kwezindleko, noma ukusebenza kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu.

Izinsimbi Ezisansimbi Ezisetshenziswa Ekwenziweni

1. Insimbi Yekhabhoni

I-Carbon steel ingenye yezinto ezivame kakhulu zokubumba ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko.

• Insimbi Yekhabhoni Ephansi (kufika ku-0.3% carbon)

  • I-ductility ephezulu kanye nokusebenza kanzima

  • Isetshenziswa ezingxenyeni zezimoto, amathuluzi ezandla, nokufakwa

• Insimbi Yekhabhoni Emaphakathi (0.3%–0.6% carbon)

  • Amandla angcono nobulukhuni

  • Okujwayelekile kuma-shafts, amagiya, izinduku zokuxhuma

• Insimbi Yekhabhoni Ephakeme (0.6%–1.0% carbon)

  • Iqinile kakhulu futhi ayigugi

  • Isetshenziswa emimese, efayo, naseziphethwini

Amabanga Abalulekile: AISI 1018, AISI 1045, AISI 1095

2. I-alloy Steel

Izinsimbi ze-alloy zithuthukiswa ngezinto ezifana ne-chromium, i-molybdenum, i-nickel, ne-vanadium ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqina, amandla, nokungagugi.

• Ukuqina okuhle kakhulu namandla okukhathala

• Ingaphathwa ngokushisa ezicini ezithile zemishini

• Ilungele izicelo ezifunayo

Ukusetshenziswa Okuvamile: Ama-Crankshafts, amagiya okudlulisa, izingxenye zesakhiwo

Amabanga Abalulekile: 4140, 4340, 8620, 42CrMo4

3. Insimbi engagqwali

Insimbi engagqwali ikhethelwa ukwakhiwa lapho ukumelana nokugqwala kubalulekile.

• Okuqukethwe kwe-chromium ephezulu kunikeza i-oxidation nokumelana nokugqwala

• Amandla amahle nokuqina

• Ifanele izimboni ezilungisa ukudla, zasolwandle, nezimboni zezokwelapha

Izinhlobo:

• I-Austenitic (isb, 304, 316): Okungewona uzibuthe, ukumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu

• I-Martensitic (isb, 410, 420): Imagnetic, ubulukhuni obuphakeme

• I-Ferritic (isb, 430): Amandla amaphakathi nokumelana nokugqwala

Izingxenye Ezijwayelekile Zakhiwe: Ama-flanges, ama-pump shafts, izinsimbi zokuhlinza, izinsimbi

sakysteelinikeza izinhlobonhlobo eziningi zensimbi engagqwali ezakhelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene.

Izinsimbi Ezingezona Insimbi Ezisetshenziswa Ekwenziweni

1. I-Aluminium ne-Aluminium Alloys

I-Aluminiyamu isetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhambeni ngenxa yesisindo sayo esilula, ukumelana nokugqwala, kanye nesilinganiso esihle kakhulu samandla nesisindo.

• Kulula ukwenza futhi umshini

• Ilungele i-aerospace, izimoto, nezingxenye zokuhamba

Amabanga Abalulekile:

• 6061 - Amandla aphezulu kanye nokumelana nokugqwala

• 7075 - Amandla aphezulu, avame ukusetshenziswa endaweni yendiza

• 2024 - Ukumelana nokukhathala okuhle kakhulu

Izicelo Ezijwayelekile: Izingalo zokulawula, okokufakwa kwendiza, izindawo zamasondo

2. Ama-alloys e-Copper kanye ne-Copper (Ithusi ne-Brass)

Izinto ezisekelwe e-Copper zinikeza i-conductivity enhle kakhulu kagesi kanye ne-thermal.

• Isetshenziselwa izixhumi zikagesi, ukufakwa kwamapayipi, izingxenye zasolwandle

• Izingxenye ezakhiwe zimelana nokuguga nokugqwala

Ama-Key Alloys:

• I-C110 (ithusi elihlanzekile)

• I-C360 (ithusi)

• I-C95400 (i-aluminium bronze)

3. I-Magnesium Alloys

Nakuba kungavamile, ama-alloys e-magnesium asetshenziswa lapho izinto ezingasindi zibaluleke kakhulu.

• Isilinganiso esiphezulu samandla nesisindo

• Isetshenziswa kaningi ku-aerospace kanye ne-electronics

• Idinga izimo zokukhohlisa ezilawulwayo

Ukulinganiselwa: Ibiza kakhulu futhi iyasebenza ngesikhathi sokucubungula

Ama-Specialty Alloys Asetshenziswa Ekuqambeni

1. Ama-alloys Asekelwe ku-Nickel

Ama-alloys e-nickel akhiwe ngenxa yokushisa kwawo okuphezulu okuvelele kanye nokumelana nokugqwala.

• Ibalulekile ekucutshungulweni kwamakhemikhali, ukukhiqiza amandla, kanye ne-aerospace

• Melana nengcindezi enkulu, ukushisa, nokuhlaselwa ngamakhemikhali

Amabanga Abalulekile:

• Inombolo 625, 718

• Imali engu-400

• I-Hastelloy C-22, C-276

sakysteelinikeza i-nickel alloy forgings ezimweni ezinzima zesevisi.

2. I-Titanium ne-Titanium Alloys

I-Titanium inikeza inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yamandla, ukuminyana okuphansi, nokumelana nokugqwala.

• Isetshenziswa ku-aerospace, olwandle, kanye nezicelo zezokwelapha

• Kuyabiza kodwa kukahle lapho ukusebenza kuvumelana nezindleko

Amabanga Abalulekile:

• Ibanga lesi-2 (elimsulwa ngokwezentengiselwano)

• I-Ti-6Al-4V (izinga eliphezulu le-aerospace)

3. I-Cobalt Alloys

Ama-forging asekelwe ku-cobalt amelana kakhulu nokugqoka futhi agcina amandla emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.

• Okujwayelekile ezingxenyeni ze-turbine, izingxenye zenjini, izimila zezokwelapha

• Izindleko eziphezulu zikhawulela ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezikhethekile kakhulu

Izici Ezithonya Ukukhethwa Kwezinto Ezibalulekile Ekufombeni

Ukukhetha izinto ezifanele zokubumba kuncike ezintweni ezimbalwa ezibalulekile:

• Izidingo zamandla omshini

• Ukumelana nokugqwala kanye ne-oxidation

• Izinga lokushisa lokusebenza

• Ukusebenziseka nokuhleleka

• Ukukhathala nokumelana nokugqoka

• Izindleko nokutholakala

Onjiniyela kufanele balinganisele lezi zici ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi ingxenye yomgunyathi isebenza ngokuthembekile endaweni yayo yokusetshenziswa ekugcineni.

Imikhiqizo Eqanjiwe Ejwayelekile Ngohlobo Lwezinto