Yiziphi Izinto Ezisetshenziswa Ekubumbeni?

Ukwakha kuyinqubo yokukhiqiza eyamukelwa kabanzi esetshenziselwa ukubumba izinsimbi ngaphansi komfutho ophezulu. Kwaziwa ngokukhiqiza izingxenye eziqinile, ezinokwethenjelwa, nezimelana namaphutha ezibalulekile ezimbonini ezisebenza kahle njengezimoto, izindiza, uwoyela negesi, ukwakhiwa, kanye nemishini. Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izinsimbi ezifanelekela ukwakhiwa.

Iizinto ezisetshenziselwa ukwakhakumele ibe nenhlanganisela efanele yamandla, ukuguquguquka, ukuzinza kokushisa, kanye nokukwazi ukusebenza ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zenqubo kanye nokusetshenziswa kokugcina. Lesi sihloko sihlola izinto zokwakha ezivame kakhulu, izakhiwo zazo ezibalulekile, nokuthi kungani zikhethwa ezimbonini nasezindaweni ezahlukene.

i-sakysteel

Ukubuka Konke Kwezinto Zokwakha

Izinto ezisetshenziswa ekubumbeni zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko:

1. Izinsimbi Zensimbi(equkethe insimbi)

2. Izinsimbi Ezingenalo I-Ferrous(hhayi ikakhulukazi insimbi)

3. Ama-Alloys Akhethekile(ama-alloy asekelwe ku-nickel, titanium, kanye ne-cobalt)

Uhlobo ngalunye lunikeza izinzuzo ezihlukile zamandla, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko, noma ukusebenza kahle kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu.

Izinsimbi Zensimbi Ezisetshenziswa Ekubumbeni

1. Insimbi Yekhabhoni

Insimbi yekhabhoni ingenye yezinto zokwakha ezivame kakhulu ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko.

• Insimbi Ephansi Yekhabhoni (kufika ku-0.3% yekhabhoni)

  • Ukuqina okuphezulu kanye nokusebenza kahle kwemishini

  • Kusetshenziswa ezingxenyeni zezimoto, amathuluzi ezandla, kanye nokufakwa kwazo

• Insimbi Yekhabhoni Ephakathi (ikhabhoni engu-0.3%–0.6%)

  • Amandla nobulukhuni obungcono

  • Kuvamile kuma-shaft, amagiya, nezinduku zokuxhuma

• Insimbi Enekhabhoni Ephakeme (ikhabhoni engu-0.6%–1.0%)

  • Kunzima kakhulu futhi akugugi

  • Kusetshenziswa emimeseni, ezitsheni zokufaka amadayimane, nasezipilingini

Amabanga Ayisihluthulelo: AISI 1018, AISI 1045, AISI 1095

2. Insimbi Yengxubevange

Izinsimbi ze-alloy zithuthukiswa ngezinto ezifana ne-chromium, i-molybdenum, i-nickel, ne-vanadium ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqina, amandla, kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka.

• Ukuqina okuhle kakhulu kanye namandla okukhathala

• Kungaphathwa ngokushisa ngenxa yezakhiwo ezithile zemishini

• Kuhle kakhulu kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga kakhulu

Ukusetshenziswa Okuvamile: Ama-Crankshaft, amagiya okudlulisa, izingxenye zesakhiwo

Amabanga Ayisihluthulelo: 4140, 4340, 8620, 42CrMo4

3. Insimbi engagqwali

Insimbi engagqwali ikhethwa ukuze ikhiqizwe lapho ukumelana nokugqwala kuyinto eza kuqala.

• Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-chromium kunikeza ukumelana ne-oxidation kanye nokugqwala

• Amandla nokuqina okuhle

• Ifanele izimboni zokucubungula ukudla, zasolwandle, kanye nezokwelapha

Izinhlobo:

• I-Austenitic (isb., 304, 316): Ayinamandla kazibuthe, ukumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu

• I-Martensitic (isb., 410, 420): I-Magnetic, ubulukhuni obuphezulu

• I-Ferritic (isb., 430): Amandla aphakathi kanye nokumelana nokugqwala

Izingxenye Ezivamile Ezihlanganisiwe: Ama-Flanges, imiphini yokupompa, amathuluzi okuhlinza, izibambo

i-sakysteelinikeza ububanzi obukhulu bezinsimbi zensimbi engagqwali ezenzelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene.

Izinsimbi Ezingenalo I-Ferrous Ezisetshenziswa Ekubumbeni

1. Ama-Aluminium nama-Aluminium Alloys

I-Aluminiyamu isetshenziswa kabanzi ekubumbeni ngenxa yesisindo sayo esilula, ukumelana nokugqwala, kanye nesilinganiso esihle kakhulu samandla nesisindo.

• Kulula ukuklama nomshini

• Ilungele izingxenye zezindiza, izimoto, kanye nezokuthutha

Amabanga Ayisihluthulelo:

• 6061 – Amandla aphezulu kanye nokumelana nokugqwala

• 7075 – Amandla aphezulu, avame ukusetshenziswa ezindiza

• 2024 - Ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokukhathala

Izicelo Ezijwayelekile: Lawula izingalo, ukufakwa kwezindiza, amahabhu amasondo

2. Ama-Alloy Ethusi Nethusi (Ithusi Nethusi)

Izinto ezisekelwe ethusi zinikeza ukuhanjiswa kukagesi nokushisa okuhle kakhulu.

• Kusetshenziswa ezixhumini zikagesi, ezifakelweni zamapayipi, nasezintweni zasolwandle

• Izingxenye ezenziwe ngobumba ziyamelana nokuguguleka nokugqwala

Ama-Alloys Ayisihluthulelo:

• C110 (ithusi elimsulwa)

• C360 (ithusi)

• I-C95400 (ithusi le-aluminium)

3. Ama-Magnesium Alloys

Nakuba kungavamile, kusetshenziswa ama-magnesium alloys lapho izinto ezilula zibaluleke khona.

• Isilinganiso samandla aphezulu nesisindo

• Ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa ezindiza kanye ne-elekthronikhi

• Kudinga izimo zokulawula ezilawulwayo

Ukulinganiselwa: Kubiza kakhulu futhi kuyasabela ngesikhathi sokucubungula

Ama-alloy Akhethekile Asetshenziswa Ekubumbeni

1. Ama-alloy Asekelwe ku-Nickel

Ama-alloy e-nickel akhiwe ngenxa yokumelana kwawo okuvelele kokushisa okuphezulu nokugqwala.

• Kubalulekile ekucubungulweni kwamakhemikhali, ekukhiqizweni kwamandla, kanye nasezindiza

• Melana nokucindezeleka okukhulu, ukushisa, kanye nokuhlaselwa ngamakhemikhali

Amabanga Ayisihluthulelo:

• I-Inconel 625, 718

• I-Monel 400

• I-Hastelloy C-22, C-276

i-sakysteelinikeza izinto zokufakelwa ze-nickel alloy ezimweni ezinzima zesevisi.

2. Ama-alloy e-Titanium ne-Titanium

I-Titanium inikeza inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yamandla, ukuminyana okuphansi, kanye nokumelana nokugqwala.

• Kusetshenziswa ezindizeni, olwandle, kanye nasezinhlelweni zezokwelapha

• Kubiza kakhulu kodwa kuhle lapho ukusebenza kufaneleka khona ngezindleko

Amabanga Ayisihluthulelo:

• Ibanga lesi-2 (elihlanzekile ngokwezentengiselwano)

• I-Ti-6Al-4V (ibanga lendiza elinamandla aphezulu)

3. Ama-Cobalt Alloys

Ama-forging asekelwe ku-cobalt amelana kakhulu nokuguguleka futhi agcina amandla emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.

• Kuvamile ezingxenyeni ze-turbine, izingxenye zenjini, kanye nokufakelwa kwezokwelapha

• Izindleko eziphezulu zikhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhethekile kakhulu

Izici Ezithonya Ukukhethwa Kwezinto Ekwakheni

Ukukhetha izinto ezifanele zokwakha kuncike ezintweni eziningana ezibalulekile:

• Izidingo zamandla omshini

• Ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nokushiswa kwe-oxidation

• Izinga lokushisa lokusebenza

• Ukukwazi ukusebenza kahle kanye nokwakheka kahle

• Ukukhathala nokumelana nokuguguleka

• Izindleko nokutholakala

Onjiniyela kumele balinganisele lezi zici ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingxenye eyenziwe ngensimbi isebenza ngokwethembeka endaweni yayo yokusetshenziswa ekugcineni.

Imikhiqizo Ejwayelekile Ehlanganisiwe Ngokwezinhlobo Zezinto