Kodi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu ndi ziti?

Kupangira zitsulo ndi njira yodziwika bwino yopangira zitsulo pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi. Imadziwika popanga zinthu zolimba, zodalirika, komanso zosawonongeka zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri m'mafakitale ogwira ntchito bwino monga magalimoto, ndege, mafuta ndi gasi, zomangamanga, ndi makina. Komabe, si zitsulo zonse zomwe zili zoyenera kupangira zitsulo.

Thezipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popangaayenera kukhala ndi mphamvu yoyenera, kusinthasintha, kukhazikika kwa kutentha, komanso kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito makina kuti akwaniritse zofunikira za ndondomekoyi komanso kugwiritsa ntchito komaliza. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za zipangizo zodziwika bwino zopangira, makhalidwe awo ofunikira, ndi chifukwa chake zimasankhidwa m'mafakitale ndi malo osiyanasiyana.

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Chidule cha Zipangizo Zopangira

Zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zimagawidwa m'magulu atatu akuluakulu:

1. Zitsulo za Ferrous(yokhala ndi chitsulo)

2. Zitsulo Zopanda Ferrous(osati chitsulo makamaka)

3. Ma Alloys Apadera(zopangidwa ndi nickel, titaniyamu, ndi cobalt alloys)

Mtundu uliwonse umapereka ubwino wapadera chifukwa cha mphamvu, kukana dzimbiri, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama, kapena kugwira ntchito bwino kutentha kwambiri.

Zitsulo za Ferrous Zomwe Zimagwiritsidwa Ntchito Popanga

1. Chitsulo cha Kaboni

Chitsulo cha kaboni ndi chimodzi mwa zipangizo zodziwika bwino zopangira zinthu chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwake komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama.

• Chitsulo Chochepa cha Kaboni (mpaka 0.3% ya kaboni)

  • Kugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri komanso kusinthasintha kwa makina

  • Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zigawo zamagalimoto, zida zamanja, ndi zolumikizira

• Chitsulo cha Kaboni Chapakati (kaboni 0.3%–0.6%)

  • Mphamvu ndi kuuma bwino

  • Zofala kwambiri m'ma shaft, magiya, ndi ndodo zolumikizira

• Chitsulo cha Carbon Chambiri (carbon 0.6%–1.0%)

  • Yolimba kwambiri komanso yosatha

  • Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mipeni, ma dee, ndi ma spring

Magiredi Ofunika: AISI 1018, AISI 1045, AISI 1095

2. Chitsulo cha aloyi

Zitsulo za alloy zimakulitsidwa ndi zinthu monga chromium, molybdenum, nickel, ndi vanadium kuti ziwongolere kulimba, mphamvu, komanso kukana kuvala.

• Kulimba bwino komanso mphamvu yotopa

• Ikhoza kutenthedwa ndi kutentha chifukwa cha zinthu zinazake zamakina

• Zabwino kwambiri pa ntchito zovuta

Ntchito Zofala: Ma crankshaft, ma gear otumizira, zigawo za kapangidwe kake

Magiredi Ofunika: 4140, 4340, 8620, 42CrMo4

3. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimasankhidwa kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito popanga zinthu pamene kukana dzimbiri kuli kofunika kwambiri.

• Kuchuluka kwa chromium kumapereka kukana kwa okosijeni ndi dzimbiri

• Mphamvu ndi kulimba kwabwino

• Yoyenera kukonza chakudya, za m'madzi, komanso mafakitale azachipatala

Mitundu:

• Austenitic (mwachitsanzo, 304, 316): Yopanda maginito, yokana dzimbiri kwambiri

• Martensitic (mwachitsanzo, 410, 420): Magnetic, kuuma kwakukulu

• Ferritic (mwachitsanzo, 430): Mphamvu yapakati komanso kukana dzimbiri

Common Forged Mbali: Ma Flange, ma pump shaft, zida zopangira opaleshoni, zomangira

sakysteelimapereka mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zopangidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana.

Zitsulo Zopanda Ferrous Zomwe Zimagwiritsidwa Ntchito Popanga

1. Aluminiyamu ndi Aluminiyamu Zosakaniza

Aluminiyamu imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zinthu chifukwa cha kulemera kwake kopepuka, kukana dzimbiri, komanso chiŵerengero chabwino kwambiri cha mphamvu ndi kulemera.

• Zosavuta kupanga ndi makina

• Zabwino kwambiri pa zida za ndege, zamagalimoto, komanso zoyendera

Magiredi Ofunika:

• 6061 - Mphamvu yayikulu komanso kukana dzimbiri

• 7075 - Mphamvu yayikulu, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito mumlengalenga

• 2024 - Kukana kutopa kwambiri

Mapulogalamu Odziwika: Kulamulira manja, zolumikizira ndege, ma hub a mawilo

2. Ma Aloyi a Mkuwa ndi Mkuwa (Bronze ndi Mkuwa)

Zipangizo zopangidwa ndi mkuwa zimapereka mphamvu yabwino kwambiri yamagetsi ndi kutentha.

• Amagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizira magetsi, zolumikizira mapaipi, ndi zida zam'madzi

• Ziwalo zopangidwa zimakana kuwonongeka ndi kutayika

Ma Alloys Ofunika:

• C110 (mkuwa weniweni)

• C360 (mkuwa)

• C95400 (aluminium bronze)

3. Magnesium Alloys

Ngakhale kuti sizipezeka kawirikawiri, ma magnesium alloys amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene zinthu zopepuka ndizofunikira kwambiri.

• Chiŵerengero champhamvu kwambiri pa kulemera

• Kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ndege ndi zamagetsi

• Imafuna zinthu zowongolera zopangira

Zoletsa: Yokwera mtengo kwambiri komanso yogwira ntchito bwino pokonza

Ma Alloys Apadera Ogwiritsidwa Ntchito Popanga

1. Ma Alloys Ochokera ku Nikel

Ma alloy a nickel amapangidwa chifukwa cha kukana kwawo kutentha kwambiri komanso dzimbiri.

• Chofunika kwambiri pakupanga mankhwala, kupanga magetsi, ndi ndege

• Pitirizani kupsinjika kwambiri, kutentha, ndi kuukira kwa mankhwala

Magiredi Ofunika:

• Inconel 625, 718

• Monel 400

• Hastelloy C-22, C-276

sakysteelimapereka zokumbira za nickel alloy pamavuto akulu.

2. Titanium ndi Titanium Alloys

Titaniyamu imapereka mphamvu yapadera, kukhuthala kochepa, komanso kukana dzimbiri.

• Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ndege, zapamadzi, komanso zamankhwala

• Yokwera mtengo koma yabwino kwambiri pomwe magwiridwe antchito amatsimikizira mtengo wake

Magiredi Ofunika:

• Giredi 2 (yopanda malonda)

• Ti-6Al-4V (gulu la ndege lamphamvu kwambiri)

3. Ma Cobalt Alloys

Zopangira zopangidwa ndi Cobalt sizimawonongeka kwambiri ndipo zimasunga mphamvu kutentha kwambiri.

• Zofala kwambiri m'zigawo za turbine, ziwalo za injini, ndi ma implants azachipatala

• Mtengo wokwera umachepetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mapulogalamu apadera kwambiri

Zinthu Zomwe Zimakhudza Kusankha Zinthu Popanga Zinthu

Kusankha zinthu zoyenera zopangira kumadalira zinthu zingapo zofunika:

• Zofunikira pa mphamvu ya makina

• Kukana dzimbiri ndi okosijeni

• Kutentha kogwira ntchito

• Kukhazikika ndi kupangika

• Kutopa ndi kukana kuvala

• Mtengo ndi kupezeka

Mainjiniya ayenera kulinganiza zinthu izi kuti atsimikizire kuti chinthu chopangidwacho chikugwira ntchito bwino pamalo ake ogwiritsira ntchito.

Zamgululi Zopangidwa ndi Mtundu wa Zinthu