He aha nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia no ke kāwili ʻana?

He hana hana i hoʻohana nui ʻia ka hana forging no ke kālai ʻana i nā metala ma lalo o ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe. Ua ʻike ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana ikaika, hilinaʻi, a kū i nā hemahema e pono ai i nā ʻoihana hana kiʻekiʻe e like me ke kaʻa, ka mokulele, ka ʻaila a me ke kinoea, ke kūkulu ʻana, a me nā mīkini. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole kūpono nā metala āpau no ka forging.

ʻO kanā mea i hoʻohana ʻia no ka forgingpono e loaʻa ka hui kūpono o ka ikaika, ka ductility, ke kūpaʻa wela, a me ka mīkini e hoʻokō i nā koi o ke kaʻina hana a me ka noi hope loa. Ke ʻimi nei kēia ʻatikala i nā mea hana forging maʻamau, ko lākou mau waiwai koʻikoʻi, a me ke kumu i koho ʻia ai lākou no nā ʻoihana like ʻole a me nā wahi.

sakysteel

ʻIkepili o nā Mea Hana Hoʻoheheʻe

ʻO nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia no ka forging e hāʻule i ʻekolu mau ʻano nui:

1. Nā metala hao(aia ka hao)

2. Nā metala ʻaʻole Ferrous(ʻaʻole ka hao nui)

3. Nā Alloys Kūikawā(nā mea i hoʻokumu ʻia me ka nickel, titanium, a me nā cobalt)

Hāʻawi kēlā me kēia ʻano i nā pono kūikawā no ka ikaika, ke kūpaʻa i ka pala, ka pono o ke kumukūʻai, a i ʻole ka hana wela kiʻekiʻe.

Nā metala Ferrous i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana

1. Ke kila kalapona

ʻO ke kila kalapona kekahi o nā mea hana maʻamau ma muli o kona ʻano maʻalahi a me ka pono o ke kumukūʻai.

• Ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa (a hiki i ka 0.3% kalapona)

  • ʻO ke ductility kiʻekiʻe a me ka machinability

  • Hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻāpana kaʻa, nā mea hana lima, a me nā mea hoʻopili

• Ke kila kalapona waena (0.3%–0.6% kalapona)

  • ʻOi aku ka ikaika a me ka paʻakikī

  • Mea maʻamau i loko o nā ʻau, nā kia, nā koʻokoʻo hoʻohui

• Ke kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe (0.6%–1.0% kalapona)

  • Paʻakikī loa a kūpaʻa i ke komo ʻana

  • Hoʻohana ʻia i nā pahi, nā make, a me nā pūnāwai

Nā Māka Koʻikoʻi: AISI 1018, AISI 1045, AISI 1095

2. Ke kila kila

Hoʻonui ʻia nā kila alloy me nā mea e like me chromium, molybdenum, nickel, a me vanadium e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻakikī, ka ikaika, a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka ʻaʻahu.

• ʻO ka paʻakikī maikaʻi loa a me ka ikaika luhi

• Hiki ke mālama ʻia me ka wela no nā waiwai mechanical kikoʻī

• Kūpono no nā noi koi

Nā Hoʻohana Maʻamau: Nā ʻauamo crankshafts, nā kia hoʻoili, nā ʻāpana kūkulu

Nā Māka Koʻikoʻi: 4140, 4340, 8620, 42CrMo4

3. Kila kohu ʻole

Koho ʻia ke kila kila no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka wā e koʻikoʻi ai ke kūpaʻa i ka pala.

• Hāʻawi ka nui o ka chromium i ke kūpaʻa i ka oxidation a me ka corrosion

• Ka ikaika maikaʻi a me ke kūpaʻa

• Kūpono no ka hana ʻana i ka meaʻai, nā ʻoihana kai, a me nā ʻoihana lapaʻau

Nā ʻano:

• Austenitic (e laʻa, 304, 316): ʻAʻole magnetic, kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe i ka palaho

• Martensitic (e laʻa, 410, 420): Magnetic, paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe

• Ferritic (e laʻa, 430): Ikaika kūpono a me ke kūpaʻa i ka palaho

Nā ʻĀpana Hoʻoheheʻe Maʻamau: Nā ʻāpana, nā ʻau hoʻopā, nā mea hana ʻoki kino, nā mea paʻa

sakysteelhāʻawi i kahi ākea o nā forgings kila kila i hana ʻia no nā noi like ʻole.

Nā metala ʻaʻole Ferrous i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana

1. ʻAluminika a me nā mea hoʻohuihui alumini

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka alumini i ka hana ʻana ma muli o kona māmā, kūpaʻa i ka pala, a me ka lakio maikaʻi loa o ka ikaika-i-ke kaumaha.

• Maʻalahi e hana a mīkini

• Kūpono no nā ʻāpana aerospace, kaʻa, a me nā ʻāpana halihali

Nā Māka Koʻikoʻi:

• 6061 - Ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa i ka palaho

• 7075 - Ikaika kiʻekiʻe, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka aerospace

• 2024 - Kū'ē maikaʻi loa i ka luhi

Nā Hoʻohana MaʻamauNā lima hoʻomalu, nā lako mokulele, nā kikowaena huila

2. Keleawe a me nā Alloys Keleawe (Keleawe a me ke Keleawe)

Hāʻawi nā mea keleawe i ka conductivity uila a me ka thermal maikaʻi loa.

• Hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea hoʻohui uila, nā mea hoʻopili plumbing, nā ʻāpana moana

• ʻO nā ʻāpana i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e kūʻē i ka ʻaʻahu a me ka pala

Nā Alloys Koʻikoʻi:

• C110 (keleawe maʻemaʻe)

• C360 (keleawe)

• C95400 (keleawe alumini)

3. Nā mea hoʻohuihui magnesium

ʻOiai ʻaʻole i maʻamau, hoʻohana ʻia nā hui magnesium i kahi e koʻikoʻi ai nā mea māmā.

• Ka lakio ikaika-i-kaumaha kiʻekiʻe

• Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka aerospace a me nā mea uila

• Pono nā kūlana hana forging i kāohi ʻia

Nā PalenaʻOi aku ke kumukūʻai a pane koke i ka wā e hana ai

Nā Alloys Kūikawā i hoʻohana ʻia i ka Forging

1. Nā Alloys i hoʻokumu ʻia ma Nickel

Hana ʻia nā hui nickel no ko lākou kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka mahana kiʻekiʻe a me ka pala.

• He mea nui i ka hana kemika, ka hana mana, a me ka aerospace

• Kū i ke koʻikoʻi nui, ka wela, a me ka hoʻouka kemika

Nā Māka Koʻikoʻi:

• ʻInonel 625, 718

• Monel 400

• ʻO Hastelloy C-22, C-276

sakysteelhoʻolako i nā hana hoʻoheheʻe nickel no nā kūlana lawelawe koʻikoʻi.

2. ʻO Titanium a me nā Titanium Alloys

Hāʻawi ʻo Titanium i kahi hui kūikawā o ka ikaika, ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a me ke kūpaʻa i ka pala.

• Hoʻohana ʻia ma nā noi aerospace, moana, a me nā noi lapaʻau

• Pipiʻi akā kūpono kahi e kūpono ai ka hana i ke kumukūʻai

Nā Māka Koʻikoʻi:

• Papa 2 (maʻemaʻe kālepa)

• Ti-6Al-4V (pae aerospace ikaika kiʻekiʻe)

3. Nā ʻāpana Cobalt

He kūpaʻa loa nā hana hoʻoheheʻe cobalt i ke komo ʻana a mālama i ka ikaika i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe.

• He mea maʻamau i nā ʻāpana turbine, nā ʻāpana mīkini, nā implants lapaʻau

• Hoʻemi ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā noi kūikawā loa

Nā Kumu e Hoʻopilikia ai i ke Koho ʻana o nā Mea i ka Forging

ʻO ke koho ʻana i ka mea kūpono no ka hana ʻana e pili ana i kekahi mau kumu nui:

• Nā koi ikaika mīkini

• Ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka palaho a me ka oxidation

• Mahana hana

• Ka hiki ke hana mīkini a me ke ʻano hana

• Luhi a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ke komo ʻana

• Kumukūʻai a me ka loaʻa ʻana

Pono nā ʻenekinia e hoʻohālikelike i kēia mau mea e hōʻoia ai i ka hana pono o ka ʻāpana i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma kona wahi hoʻohana hope loa.

Nā Huahana Hoʻoheheʻe Maʻamau e ke ʻAno Mea