Ingabe i-308 noma i-309 ingcono kune-Stainless Steel?

Uma kukhulunywa ngokuthiukushisela insimbi engagqwali kuya ensimbi engagqwali, omunye wemibuzo evame ukubuzwa onjiniyela nabakhiqizi uthi:
"Ingabe kufanele ngisebenzise insimbi yokugcwalisa engu-308 noma engu-309?"

Zombili i-308 ne-309 zilungileizinto zokugcwalisa insimbi engagqwali ze-austeniticzisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwakhiweni nasekulungisweni kwezakhiwo zensimbi engagqwali. Kodwa-ke, zifeza izinjongo ezahlukene kuye ngokuthiukwakheka kwensimbi eyisisekelo, izimo zokushisela, kanye nendawo yesevisi.

Kulesi sihloko esinemininingwane,I-SAKYSTEEL, umkhiqizi wensimbi engagqwali kanye nomthengisi wezwe lonke, kuchazaumehluko phakathi kwezinsimbi zokugcwalisa ezingagqwali ezingu-308 no-309, izici zazo zamakhemikhali kanye nezensimbi, nokuthi iyiphi esebenza kangcono ekusetshenzisweni kokushisela okungenasici kuya kokungenasici.

1. Isingeniso ku-308 kanye ne-309 Stainless Steels

308 Insimbi Engagqwali

Insimbi engagqwali engu-308(UNS S30800) iyi-i-alloy ye-chromium-nickel ye-austeniticeyenzelwe ikakhulukazi ukushiselaIzinsimbi ezingagqwali ezingama-304 kanye nama-304LIqukethe cisheI-chromium engu-20%futhiI-nickel engu-10%, okwenza kube nokumelana okuhle nokugqwala kanye nokushintshwa okuhle.

Ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo okufana ne-304, i-308 filler iyi-ukukhetha okujwayelekileuma uhlanganisa izinsimbi ezingagqwali ezingu-304 kuya ku-304 noma ezinye izinsimbi ezingagqwali ezingu-300 ezindaweni ezingezona ezinzima.

309 Insimbi Engagqwali

Insimbi engagqwali engu-309(UNS S30900) nayo iyi-alloy ye-chromium-nickel e-austenitic, kodwa iqukethei-chromium ephezulu (≈23%)futhii-nickel (≈13%)kune-308. Lokhu kwenza kube ngcono kakhuluukumelana ne-oxidation, ukukhathala kokushisa, kanye nokukhula kwamazinga okushisa aphezulu.

Ekuqaleni yathuthukiswa njengeizinga elimelana nokushisa, 309 manje isisetshenziswa futhi njenge-insimbi yokugcwalisa yokuguqukaukuhlanganisa izinsimbi ezingagqwali ezingafani kanye nokushisela phakathi kwensimbi engagqwali kanye nensimbi yekhabhoni.

2. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kunquma ukuthi ingxube ngayinye isebenza kanjani ngesikhathi nangemva kokushisela.

• 308 Ukwakheka Kwensimbi Engagqwali:

  • I-Chromium: 19–21%

  • I-Nickel: 9–11%

  • Ikhabhoni: ≤0.08%

  • I-Manganese: ≤2%

  • I-Silicon: ≤1%

• 309 Ukwakheka Kwensimbi Engagqwali:

  • I-Chromium: 22–24%

  • I-Nickel: 12–15%

  • Ikhabhoni: ≤0.08%

  • I-Manganese: ≤2%

  • I-Silicon: ≤1%

Umehluko Oyinhloko:

309 ineokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-alloy, okuthuthukisa ukumelana ne-ukushisa kanye nokushiswa kwe-oxidationkodwa ukwenza kube kancaneibiza kakhulukune-308.

3. Izici ze-Microstructure kanye ne-Metallurgical

Zombili i-308 ne-309 zilungilei-austeniticizinsimbi ezingagqwali, okusho ukuthi isakhiwo sazo sekristalui-cubic egxile ebusweni (i-FCC)Lokhu kuzinika amandla amahle kakhulu okumelana nokugqwala, ukuqina, kanye nokumelana nokugqwala.

Nokho,okuqukethwe kwe-ferriteNgemva kokuqina kuyahluka:

• Insimbi yokushisela engu-308 ivame ukuqukatha3–10% i-ferrite, okunciphisa ukuqhekeka okushisayo.

• Insimbi yokushisela engu-309 ivame ukuba nayookuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-ferrite(kufika ku-15%), okuthuthukisa ukumelana nokuqhekeka kokuqina ngaphansi kokushisa okuphezulu.

Ngakho-ke, i-309 ingcono kakhuluukushisela izingxenye ezijiyile noma izinto ezifaka ukushisa okuphezulu, lapho ukuqhekeka kuyinkinga.

4. Izicelo Zokushisela ze-308

Insimbi yokugcwalisa engu-308iyindinganiso yemboni yokushiselaizinsimbi ezingenasici ze-austeniticnjenge-304, 304L, kanye ne-301.

Ukusetshenziswa Okuvamile:

• Ukushisela304/304L kuya ku-304/304L

• Ukukhiqizwa kweamathangi, amapayipi, kanye nezingxenye zesakhiwo

• Imishini yokucubungula ukudla neziphuzo

• Izicelo zokwakha nezokuhlobisa

I-308L (inguqulo ephansi yekhabhoni) ivame ukusetshenziswa ukuvimbelaukuna kwe-carbidefuthi silondoloze ukumelana nokugqwala kuamalunga ahlanganisiwengaphandle kokwelashwa kokushisa ngemva kokushiswa.

Izinzuzo ze-308:

• Ukufana okuhle kakhulu kwezinsimbi ezingagqwali ezingu-304 nezinye ezifanayo

• Ukubukeka okuhle kokushisela kanye nokususwa kwe-slag okulula

• Igcina ukumelana nokugqwala ezindaweni eziningi

Imikhawulo:

• Akufanelekile ukusevisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu ngaphezu kuka-800°C

• Akufanele ukuhlanganisa insimbi engagqwali nensimbi yekhabhoni

5. Izicelo Zokushisela ze-309

Insimbi yokugcwalisa engu-309yenzelweokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-alloyfuthiukuhambisana okubanzikune-308.

Ukusetshenziswa Okuvamile:

• Ukushiselainsimbi engagqwali kuya ku-carbon steel noma insimbi ephansi ye-alloy

• Ukujoyinaizinsimbi ezingagqwali ezahlukene(isib., 304 kuya ku-310, noma 316 kuya ku-321)

• Ukulungisa ukushisela kwamazinga angenasici angaziwa

• Izingxenye ezishisa kakhulu ezifanaizingxenye zesithando somlilo, ama-heat exchanger, kanye nezinhlelo zokukhipha ugesi

Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-chromium kanye ne-nickel kwe-309 kukuvumela ukuthibekezelela ukungalingani kokwakhekaphakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-alloys ngaphandle kokuqhekeka noma ukugqwala.

Izinzuzo ze-309:

• Ukumelana okuhle kakhulu ne-oxidation kanye nokukhula kuze kufike ku-1100°C

• Ukubekezelelana okuphezulu kwezinsimbi eziyisisekelo ezixubile noma ezingaziwa

• Ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka okuncishisiwe ngesikhathi sokushisela okushisa kakhulu

Imikhawulo:

• Kubiza kancane kune-308

• Ukwakheka okufana kakhulu kunganciphisa ukuguquguquka kokushintshwa kweshidi elincane

6. Ukumelana Nokugqwala

Zombili izinhlobo zinikeza ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokugqwala, kodwa indawo yokusebenza inquma ukuthi iyiphi esebenza kangcono.

• 308:Okuvelele ku-izimo zamakhemikhali ezinomoya nezithambile, efana ne-304 engagqwali.

• 309:Okungcono kakhulu kuizindawo ezikhipha i-oxidation kanye nezishisa kakhulu, ebekezelela ukujikeleza kokushisa ngaphandle kokukala noma ukugaya.

Ngobaizindawo ezicebile olwandle noma ezicebile nge-chloride, i-308 noma i-309 ayisebenzi kahle njengamazinga aqukethe i-molybdenum afana ne-316 noma i-317.

Nokho, ngenxaimishini yokushisa yezimboni kanye namajoyinti okuguquka, 309 isebenza kahle kakhulu kune-308.

7. Ukumelana Nokushisa Okuphezulu

Lona omunye wemehluko obaluleke kakhulu phakathi kuka-308 no-309.

• 308:Isebenza kahle kuze kufike ku-870°C (1600°F)ngaphambi kokulahlekelwa amandla kanye nokumelana nokushiswa kwe-oxidation.

• 309:Igcina ubuqotho kuze kufike ku-1100°C (2010°F), okwenza kube kuhle kakhuluizinhlelo zesithando somlilo kanye nokukhipha ugesi.

Ngakho-ke, uma ijoyinti elihlanganisiwe livezwaukushisa okuqhubekayo noma okujikelezayo, I-309 iyindlela engcono kakhulu.

8. Izakhiwo Zemishini

Izakhiwo ezijwayelekile zemishini yazo zombili izinsimbi zokugcwalisa (isimo sediphozithi yokushisela):

• 308:

  • Amandla Okudonsa: ~550 MPa

  • Amandla Okukhiqiza: ~350 MPa

  • Ukwandiswa: 35%

• 309:

  • Amandla Okudonsa: ~620 MPa

  • Amandla Okukhiqiza: ~420 MPa

  • Ukwandiswa: 35%

Isiphetho:
Ama-weld angu-309 aqinile futhi amelana kakhulu nokuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, kuyilapho ama-weld angu-308 ethambile kakhulu futhi kulula ukuwaqeda uma kusetshenziswa ubuhle noma ukuhlanza.

9. Ukushibilika Nokubumba

Zombili i-308 ne-309 zineukushibilika okuhle kakhulufuthi ingasetshenziswa nazo zonke izinqubo ezivamile —I-GTAW (TIG), GMAW (MIG), SMAW (Stick), kanye ne-FCAW (Flux-Cored).

Nokho, cabangela okulandelayo:

• Sebenzisa308Llapho kushiselwa izinsimbi ezingagqwali ezinekhabhoni ephansi ukuze kuvinjelwe ukugqwala okuphakathi kwe-granular.

• Sebenzisa309lapho kuhlanganiswa izinsimbi ezingafani noma lapho ukwakheka kwesisekelo okuqondile kungaziwa.

Ukuze ugweme ukuqhekeka,lawula okokufaka ukushisafuthigcina amazinga okushisa angaphansi kwe-150°C.

10. Izinsimbi Eziyisisekelo Ezihambisanayo

Umthetho ojwayelekile: