Ngaba i-308 okanye i-309 ingcono kune-Stainless Steel?

Xa kufikwa kuukuwelda intsimbi engagqwaliyo kwintsimbi engagqwaliyo, omnye wemibuzo eqhelekileyo ebuzwa ziinjineli kunye nabenzi beemveliso ngulo:
"Ndingasebenzisa i-308 okanye i-309 filler metal?"

Zombini i-308 kunye ne-309 zilungileizixhobo zokugcwalisa intsimbi engagqwaliyo e-austeniticzisetyenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni nasekulungiseni izakhiwo zentsimbi engagqwaliyo. Nangona kunjalo, zisebenza ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke kwiukwakheka kwesinyithi esisisiseko, iimeko zokuwelda, kunye nendawo yenkonzo.

Kweli nqaku lineenkcukacha,I-SAKYSTEL, umvelisi wehlabathi wentsimbi engagqwaliyo kunye nomthengisi ngaphandle, ucacisaumahluko phakathi kweentsimbi ze-stainless filler ezingama-308 kunye nama-309, iimpawu zazo zekhemikhali kunye nezesinyithi, kwaye yeyiphi esebenza ngcono kwiindlela zokuwelda ezingasebenziyo kwi-stainless.

1. Intshayelelo kwi-308 kunye ne-309 Stainless Steels

308 Intsimbi Engagqwaliyo

Intsimbi engagqwaliyo engama-308(UNS S30800) yi-i-austenitic chromium-nickel alloyyenzelwe ikakhulu ukuweldaIintsimbi ezingenasici ezingama-304 kunye nama-304LIqulethe ngeenxa zonkeI-20% ye-chromiumkwayeI-nickel eyi-10%, nto leyo eyinika ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle kunye nokudityaniswa kakuhle.

Ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo okufana ne-304, i-308 filler yiyoukhetho oluqhelekileyoxa udibanisa i-304 ukuya kwi-304 okanye ezinye iintsimbi ezingenasici ezingama-300 kwiindawo ezingenzima.

309 Intsimbi Engagqwaliyo

Intsimbi engagqwaliyo engama-309(UNS S30900) ikwayi-austenitic chromium-nickel alloy, kodwa iqulethei-chromium ephezulu (≈23%)kwayei-nickel (≈13%)kune-308. Oku kwenza kube ngakumbiukumelana ne-oxidation, ukudinwa kubushushu, kunye nokukhula kobushushu kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu.

Ekuqaleni yaphuhliswa njengeibakala elingamelani nobushushu, 309 ngoku ikwasetyenziswa njengeisinyithi sokugcwalisa utshintshoyokudibanisa iintsimbi ezingenasici ezifanayo kunye nokudityaniswa phakathi kwentsimbi engenasici kunye nentsimbi yekhabhoni.

2. Ukwakheka kweekhemikhali

Indlela yokwenza iikhemikhali imisela indlela esebenza ngayo i-alloy nganye ngexesha nasemva kokuwelda.

• 308 Ulwakhiwo lwentsimbi engagqwaliyo:

  • I-Chromium: 19–21%

  • I-Nickel: 9–11%

  • Ikhabhoni: ≤0.08%

  • IManganese: ≤2%

  • I-silicon: ≤1%

• 309 Ulwakhiwo lwentsimbi engagqwaliyo:

  • I-Chromium: 22–24%

  • I-Nickel: 12–15%

  • Ikhabhoni: ≤0.08%

  • IManganese: ≤2%

  • I-silicon: ≤1%

Umahluko oPhambili:

I-309 inayoumxholo ophezulu we-alloy, ukuphucula ukuxhathisaubushushu kunye ne-oxidationkodwa ukwenza kube kancinciebiza kakhulungaphezu kwama-308.

3. Iimpawu zeMicrostructure kunye neMetallurgical

Zombini i-308 kunye ne-309 zilungilei-austeniticiintsimbi ezingenasici, oko kuthetha ukuba ulwakhiwo lwazo lwekristaleityhubhiki ejonge ubuso (FCC)Oku kubanika amandla angcono okumelana nokugqwala, ukuqina, kunye nokumelana nokugqwala.

Nangona kunjalo,umxholo we-ferriteemva kokuqina kuyahluka:

• Isinyithi se-weld esingu-308 sidla ngokuqulathaI-ferrite eyi-3–10%, nto leyo enciphisa ukuqhekeka kobushushu.

• Isinyithi se-weld esingu-309 sidla ngokuba nasoumxholo ophezulu we-ferrite(ukuya kuthi ga kwi-15%), nto leyo ephucula ukumelana nokuqhekeka kokuqina phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu.

Ngoko ke, i-309 ingcono kakhuluukuwelda iindawo ezityebileyo okanye izinto ezifakwe ubushushu obuphezulu, apho ukuqhekeka kuyingxaki.

4. Usetyenziso lweWelding lwe-308

Isinyithi sokuzalisa esingu-308ngumgangatho weshishini wokuweldaiintsimbi ezingenasici ze-austeniticnjenge-304, 304L, kunye ne-301.

Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokusetyenziswa:

• UkuweldaUkusuka kwi-304/304L ukuya kwi-304/304L

• Ukwenziwa kweiitanki, imibhobho, kunye nezinto zokwakha

• Izixhobo zokulungisa ukutya neziselo

• Izicelo zokwakha nezokuhlobisa

I-308L (uhlobo oluphantsi lwekhabhoni) idla ngokusetyenziswa ukuthintelaukuna kwe-carbidekunye nokugcina ukumelana nokugqwalaamalungu adityanisiweyongaphandle konyango lobushushu emva kokuwelda.

Iingenelo ze-308:

• Ilungelelaniswe kakuhle neentsimbi ezingama-304 kunye nezinye ezifana nazo ezingenasici

• Inkangeleko entle yokuwelda kunye nokususwa kwe-slag okulula

• Igcina ukumelana nokugqwala kwiindawo ezininzi

Imida:

• Ayilungelanga inkonzo yobushushu obuphezulu obungaphezulu kwama-800°C

• Ayifanelekanga ukudibanisa intsimbi engagqwaliyo nentsimbi yekhabhoni

5. Usetyenziso lweWelding lwe-309

Isinyithi sokuzalisa esingu-309yenzelweumxholo ophezulu we-alloykwayeukuhambelana okubanzingaphezu kwama-308.

Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokusetyenziswa:

• Ukuweldaintsimbi engagqwaliyo ukuya kwintsimbi yekhabhoni okanye intsimbi e-alloy ephantsi

• Ukujoyinaiintsimbi ezingenasici ezahlukeneyo(umz., 304 ukuya ku-310, okanye 316 ukuya ku-321)

• Ukulungiswa kokuwelda kwemigangatho engaziwayo yentsimbi engenasici

• Izinto ezinobushushu obuphezulu ezifanaiindawo zesithando somlilo, izixhobo zokutshintshiselana ubushushu, kunye neenkqubo zokukhupha umoya

Ubungakanani obuphezulu be-chromium kunye ne-nickel kwi-309 buyenza ikwaziukunyamezela ukungalingani kokwakhekaphakathi kwee-alloys ezahlukeneyo ngaphandle kokuqhekeka okanye ukubola.

Iingenelo ze-309:

• Ukumelana okugqwesileyo ne-oxidation kunye nokukhula ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1100°C

• Ukunyamezelana okuphezulu kwiziseko zesinyithi ezixutyiweyo okanye ezingaziwayo

• Ukuqhekeka okunciphileyo ngexesha lokuwelda ngobushushu obuphezulu

Imida:

• Ibiza kancinci kune-308

• Ukudibanisa izinto ezifanayo kunokunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwee-welds zephepha elincinci

6. Ukumelana nokugqwala

Zombini ezi ntlobo zibonelela ngokumelana nokugqwala okugqwesileyo, kodwa imeko yenkonzo yiyo egqibayo ukuba yeyiphi esebenza ngcono.

• 308:Igqwesile kwiiimeko zekhemikhali ezinomoya kunye nezithambileyo, efana ne-304 stainless.

• 309:Igqwesile kwiiindawo ezikhupha i-oxidizing kunye nobushushu obuphezulu, enyamezela ukujikeleza kobushushu ngaphandle kokukala okanye ukurhawuzelela.

Ngokubaiindawo ezityebileyo zaselwandle okanye ezityebileyo ngekloridi, akukho 308 okanye 309 esebenza kakuhle kwiindidi eziqulathe i-molybdenum ezifana ne-316 okanye i-317.

Nangona kunjalo, ngenxaizixhobo zobushushu zoshishino kunye neendawo zokutshintsha, i-309 iphumelela ngakumbi kune-308 ngokucacileyo.

7. Ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu

Lo ngomnye weyona mahluko ibalulekileyo phakathi kwe-308 kunye ne-309.

• 308:Isebenza kakuhle ukuya kuthi ga870°C (1600°F)ngaphambi kokuba ulahlekelwe ngamandla kunye nokumelana ne-oxidation.

• 309:Ugcina ingqibelelo ukuya kuthi ga1100°C (2010°F), okwenza ukuba ibe yeyona ifanelekileyoiinkqubo zesithando somlilo kunye nezokuphuma komoya.

Ngoko ke, ukuba ijoyinti edibeneyo ivezweukufudumeza okuqhubekayo okanye okujikelezayo, I-309 yeyona ndlela ingcono.

8. Iipropati zoomatshini

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zoomatshini kuzo zombini iintsimbi zokuzalisa (imeko yediphozithi ye-weld):

• 308:

  • Amandla okuThamba: ~550 MPa

  • Amandla okuvelisa: ~350 MPa

  • Ukwandiswa: 35%

• 309:

  • Amandla okuThamba: ~620 MPa

  • Amandla okuvelisa: ~420 MPa

  • Ukwandiswa: 35%

Isiphelo:
Ii-welds ezingama-309 ziqinile kwaye ziyamelana nokuguquguquka kobushushu obuphezulu, ngelixa ii-welds ezingama-308 zithambile ngakumbi kwaye kulula ukuzigqiba xa zisetyenziswa kubuhle okanye kucoceko.

9. Ukudityaniswa kunye nokuveliswa

Zombini i-308 kunye ne-309 zineukuwelda okugqwesileyokwaye ingasetyenziswa nazo zonke iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo —I-GTAW (TIG), i-GMAW (MIG), i-SMAW (iNtonga), kunye ne-FCAW (i-Flux-Cored).

Nangona kunjalo, qwalasela oku kulandelayo:

• Sebenzisa308Lxa kudityaniswa iintsimbi ezingenasici ezinekhabhoni ephantsi ukuthintela ukugqwala phakathi kweegranular.

• Sebenzisa309xa kuhlanganiswa iintsimbi ezahlukeneyo okanye xa ulwakhiwo oluchanekileyo lwesiseko lungaziwa.

Ukuze kuthintelwe ukuqhekeka,lawula igalelo lobushushukwayegcina amaqondo obushushu aphakathi kwe-interpass angaphantsi kwe-150°C.

10. Iintsimbi ezisisiseko ezihambelanayo

Umthetho oqhelekileyo: