Bututun masana'antu na bakin ƙarfe muhimmin abu ne a fannoni daban-daban saboda ƙarfin injina, juriyar tsatsa, da kuma juriyar zafin jiki mai yawa. Dangane da yanayin aiki da ƙayyadaddun fasaha, ma'aunin da aka fi amfani da shi sun haɗa da 304, 316, 321, 347, 904L, da kuma ƙarfe mai duplex kamar2205kuma2507Wannan labarin ya binciki aiki, ƙarfin matsi, da kuma fannonin amfani da bututun ƙarfe na bakin ƙarfe don jagorantar zaɓin kayan da ya dace.
1. Ma'aunin Bakin Karfe da Halayensu na yau da kullun
•bututun masana'antu na bakin karfe 304L: A matsayin ƙarfe mai ƙarancin carbon 304, gabaɗaya, juriyarsa ta tsatsa tana kama da ta 304, amma bayan walda ko rage damuwa, juriyarsa ga tsatsa tsakanin granular yana da kyau, kuma yana iya kiyaye juriya mai kyau ta tsatsa ba tare da maganin zafi ba.
• Bututun masana'antu na bakin ƙarfe 304: Yana da kyakkyawan juriya ga tsatsa, juriya ga zafi, ƙarfin zafin jiki mai ƙarancin yawa da kuma halayen injiniya, kyawawan halaye na sarrafa zafi kamar tambari da lanƙwasawa, kuma babu wani abu mai tauri na maganin zafi. Amfani: kayan tebur, kabad, tukunyar ruwa, sassan motoci, kayan aikin likita, kayan gini, masana'antar abinci (amfani da zafin jiki -196°C-700°C)
Manyan fasalulluka na bututun masana'antu na bakin ƙarfe 310 sune: juriya ga zafin jiki mai yawa, wanda galibi ana amfani da shi a cikin tukunyar ruwa, bututun hayaki na mota. Sauran fasalulluka na gama gari ne.
• Bututun masana'antu na bakin ƙarfe 303: Ta hanyar ƙara ƙaramin adadin sulfur da phosphorus, ya fi sauƙi a yanke fiye da 304, kuma wasu halaye suna kama da 304.
• Bututun masana'antu na bakin ƙarfe 302: Ana amfani da sandunan bakin ƙarfe 302 sosai a sassan motoci, jiragen sama, kayan aikin sararin samaniya, da masana'antar sinadarai. Takamaiman haka: kayan aikin hannu, bearings, furanni masu zamiya, kayan aikin likita, kayan aikin lantarki, da sauransu. Siffofi: ƙwallo ta bakin ƙarfe 302 ta ƙunshi ƙarfen austenitic, wanda yake kusa da 304, amma 302 tana da tauri mafi girma, HRC≤28, kuma tana da kyakkyawan juriya ga tsatsa da tsatsa.
• Bututun masana'antu na bakin ƙarfe 301: kyakkyawan jurewa, ana amfani da shi don samfuran da aka ƙera. Hakanan ana iya taurare shi da sauri ta hanyar sarrafa injina. Kyakkyawan iya walda. Juriyar lalacewa da ƙarfin gajiya sun fi ƙarfe 304 na bakin ƙarfe.
•Bututun masana'antu na bakin ƙarfe 202: na chromium-nickel-manganese austenitic bakin ƙarfe, tare da ingantaccen aiki fiye da bakin ƙarfe 201
•Bututun masana'antu na bakin ƙarfe 201: na chromium-nickel-manganese austenitic bakin ƙarfe, tare da ƙarancin maganadisu
•bututun masana'antu na bakin karfe 410: na Martensite ne (ƙarfe mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi na chromium), yana da juriya mai kyau ga lalacewa da kuma juriyar tsatsa.
•Bututun masana'antu na bakin ƙarfe 420: "Matsayin kayan aiki" ƙarfe mai kama da ƙarfe mai girman chromium na Brinell, ƙarfe mai kama da ƙarfe mai tsayi sosai. Haka kuma ana amfani da shi don wukake na tiyata kuma ana iya yin shi da haske sosai.
• bututun masana'antu na bakin ƙarfe 430: ƙarfe mai ferritic, wanda ake amfani da shi don ado, kamar kayan haɗi na motoci. Yana da kyau, amma yana da juriya ga yanayin zafi da kuma tsatsa.
2. Juriyar Matsi na Bututun Bakin Karfe
Ƙarfin matsin lamba na bututun ƙarfe ya dogara da girmansa (diamita na waje), kauri na bango (misali, SCH40, SCH80), da zafin aiki. Manyan ƙa'idodi:
• Kauri ganuwar da ƙananan diamita suna haifar da juriya ga matsin lamba.
•Zafi mai yawa yana rage ƙarfin abu da matsi.
• Karfe biyu kamar 2205 suna ba da kusan ninki biyu na ƙarfin lita 316.
Misali, bututun ƙarfe mai inci 4 na SCH40 304 zai iya ɗaukar kimanin 1102 psi a ƙarƙashin yanayi na yau da kullun. Bututun inci 1 na iya wuce 2000 psi. Injiniyoyi ya kamata su tuntuɓi ASME B31.3 ko makamancin haka don samun daidaiton matsi.
3. Aikin Tsabta a Muhalli Mai Wuya
Muhalli Mai Arziki da Chloride
Ana ba da shawarar 304 lita ko fiye da haka don yin amfani da ruwa mai yawa a wuraren da gishiri ke taruwa. Ga waɗanda suka fuskanci matsaloli kamar ruwan teku ko feshin gishiri, 2205, 2507, ko 904L sun fi dacewa.
Kayayyakin da ke ɗauke da sinadarin acid ko oxidizing
316L yana aiki sosai a cikin acid masu rauni. Don acid masu ƙarfi kamar sulfuric ko phosphoric acid, zaɓi ƙarfe 904L ko ƙarfe duplex mai yawan alloy.
Iskar Oxidation Mai Zafi Mai Yawa
Idan zafin jiki ya wuce 500°C, 304 da 316 na iya rasa tasiri. Yi amfani da ma'aunin da aka daidaita kamar 321 ko 347 don ci gaba da aiki har zuwa ~900°C.
4. Manyan Aikace-aikacen Masana'antu
Masana'antar Mai da Iskar Gas
Ana amfani da shi a bututun sarrafawa, na'urorin musanya zafi, da layukan sufuri. Don yanayin iskar gas mai tsami da chloride, ana fifita 2205/2507/904L. Ana amfani da ƙarfe duplex sosai a cikin na'urorin musanya zafi saboda ƙarfinsu da juriyarsu ga tsatsa.
Abinci da Abin Sha
Kammalawa mai santsi yana hana ƙwayoyin cuta girma. 304/316L sun dace da kiwo, yin giya, da miya. 316L yana aiki mafi kyau tare da abinci mai tsami ko gishiri. Sau da yawa ana yin amfani da bututun lantarki don tsafta.
Masana'antar Magunguna
Yana buƙatar tsafta mai yawa da juriya ga tsatsa. Ana amfani da 316L da nau'ikan 316LVM don tsarkake ruwa da tsarin CIP/SIP. Yawanci saman an goge su da madubi.
5. Jagorar Zaɓin Maki ta Aikace-aikacen
| Muhalli na Aikace-aikace | Maki da aka ba da shawarar |
| Ruwa na Gabaɗaya / Iska | 304 / 304L |
| Muhalli Mai Arziki da Chloride | 316 / 316L ko 2205 |
| Yanayi Mai Zafi Mai Yawa | 321 / 347 |
| Acid Mai Ƙarfi / Phosphoric | 904L, 2507 |
| Tsarin Tsabtace Abinci | 316L (An goge da wutar lantarki) |
| Tsarin Magunguna | 316L / 316LVM |
Lokacin Saƙo: Mayu-06-2025