Iipayipi zemizi-mveliso zentsimbi engagqwaliyo zizinto ezibalulekileyo kumashishini amaninzi ngenxa yamandla azo abalaseleyo oomatshini, ukumelana nokugqwala, kunye nokunyamezela ubushushu obuphezulu. Ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo yokusebenza kunye neenkcukacha zobugcisa, amanqanaba asetyenziswa rhoqo aquka i-304, 316, 321, 347, 904L, kunye neentsimbi ezingagqwaliyo ezimbini ezifana ne-2205kwaye2507Eli nqaku lihlola ngokucwangcisiweyo ukusebenza, amandla oxinzelelo, kunye neendawo zokusetyenziswa kwemibhobho yentsimbi engagqwaliyo ukuze kukhokele ukukhethwa kwezinto ezifanelekileyo.
1. IiGrade zeStainless Steel eziqhelekileyo kunye neempawu zazo
•Umbhobho wemizi-mveliso wentsimbi engagqwali engama-304L: Njengentsimbi ye-304 enekhabhoni ephantsi, ngokubanzi, ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala kufana nokwe-304, kodwa emva kokuwelda okanye ukunciphisa uxinzelelo, ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala phakathi kwegranular kugqwesile, kwaye inokugcina ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle ngaphandle konyango lobushushu.
•Ipayipi yemizi-mveliso yentsimbi engagqwali engama-304: Inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle, ukumelana nobushushu, amandla aphantsi obushushu kunye neempawu zoomatshini, iimpawu ezilungileyo zokucubungula ubushushu ezifana nokunyathela nokugoba, kunye nokuqina konyango lobushushu okungekho. Ukusetyenziswa: izitya zokutya, iikhabhathi, iibhoyila, iinxalenye zeemoto, izixhobo zonyango, izixhobo zokwakha, ishishini lokutya (sebenzisa ubushushu -196°C-700°C)
Iimpawu eziphambili zepayipi yemizi-mveliso yentsimbi engagqwaliyo engama-310 zezi: ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, ngokubanzi isetyenziswa kwiibhoyila, iipayipi zokukhupha umoya kwiimoto. Ezinye iimpawu zibanzi.
•303 umbhobho wemizi-mveliso wentsimbi engagqwaliyo: Ngokufaka inani elincinci lesalfure kunye ne-phosphorus, kulula ukuyisika kune-304, kwaye ezinye iimpawu zifana ne-304.
•Ipayipi yemizi-mveliso yentsimbi engagqwali engama-302: Iibhari zentsimbi engagqwali ezingama-302 zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo zeemoto, kwiinqwelomoya, kwizixhobo zezixhobo zeenqwelo-moya, nakwishishini leekhemikhali. Ngokukodwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: imisebenzi yezandla, iibheringi, iintyatyambo ezityibilikayo, izixhobo zonyango, izixhobo zombane, njl. Iimpawu: Ibhola yentsimbi engagqwali engama-302 yeyentsimbi ye-austenitic, ekufutshane ne-304, kodwa i-302 inobunzima obuphezulu, i-HRC≤28, kwaye inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kunye nokubola.
•Ipayipi yemizi-mveliso yentsimbi engagqwaliyo engama-301: i-ductility elungileyo, esetyenziselwa iimveliso ezibunjiweyo. Ingaqiniswa ngokukhawuleza ngokulungiswa koomatshini. I-weldability elungileyo. Ukumelana nokuguguleka kunye namandla okudinwa kungcono kunentsimbi engagqwaliyo engama-304.
•Ipayipi yemizi-mveliso yentsimbi engagqwaliyo engama-202: yeyentsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-chromium-nickel-manganese austenitic, esebenza ngcono kunentsimbi engagqwali engama-201
•201 umbhobho wemizi-mveliso wentsimbi engagqwaliyo: ngowentsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-chromium-nickel-manganese, enemagnetism ephantsi kakhulu
•Umbhobho wemizi-mveliso wentsimbi engagqwali engama-410: yeye-martensite (intsimbi ye-chromium enamandla aphezulu), inokumelana nokuguguleka okuhle kwaye ayixhathisi ukugqwala.
•Ipayipi yemizi-mveliso yentsimbi engagqwaliyo engama-420: Intsimbi ye-martensitic "yezinga lezixhobo", efana nentsimbi ye-Brinell ephezulu ye-chromium, intsimbi engagqwaliyo esetyenziswa kakhulu ekuqaleni. Ikwasetyenziselwa iimela zotyando kwaye ingenziwa ikhanye kakhulu.
•Ipayipi yemizi-mveliso yentsimbi engagqwaliyo engama-430: intsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-ferritic, esetyenziselwa ukuhombisa, njengezixhobo zeemoto. Ilungele ukwakheka, kodwa ayilungelanga ukumelana nobushushu kunye nokugqwala
2. Ukumelana noxinzelelo lweeMibhobho zeNtsimbi Engagqwaliyo
Umthamo woxinzelelo lombhobho wentsimbi engatyiwayo uxhomekeke kubukhulu bawo (ububanzi bangaphandle), ubukhulu bodonga (umz., i-SCH40, i-SCH80), kunye nobushushu bokusebenza. Imigaqo ephambili:
•Iindonga ezityebileyo kunye nobubanzi obuncinci zivelisa ukumelana okuphezulu koxinzelelo.
•Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu anciphisa amandla ezinto kunye nemida yoxinzelelo.
•Iintsimbi ezimbini ezifana ne-2205 zinamandla aphindwe kabini kune-316L.
Umzekelo, umbhobho wentsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-SCH40 304 intshi ezi-4 unokusingatha malunga ne-1102 psi phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo. Umbhobho we-intshi e-1 ungadlula i-2000 psi. Iinjineli kufuneka zijonge i-ASME B31.3 okanye imigangatho efanayo ukuze zifumane umlinganiselo ochanekileyo woxinzelelo.
3. Ukusebenza Kokugqwala Kwiindawo Ezinzima
Iindawo ezityebileyo ngeChloride
I-304 ithanda ukutsalwa yimingxuma kunye ne-SCC kwiindawo ezityebileyo ngetyuwa. I-316L nangaphezulu iyacetyiswa. Kwiimeko ezigqithisileyo ezifana namanzi olwandle okanye ityuwa, i-2205, 2507, okanye i-904L ziyakhethwa.
Imidiya ye-Acidic okanye i-Oxidizing
I-316L isebenza kakuhle kwii-asidi ezibuthathaka. Kwi-asidi ezirhabaxa ezifana ne-sulfuric okanye i-phosphoric acid, khetha i-904L okanye ii-duplex steels ezine-alloy ephezulu.
Ukuxinana kobushushu obuphezulu
Kumaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwama-500°C, ama-304 kunye nama-316 asenokungasebenzi kakuhle. Sebenzisa amanqanaba azinzileyo afana nama-321 okanye ama-347 ukuze unikeze inkonzo eqhubekayo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-~900°C.
4. Izicelo Eziphambili Zemizi-mveliso
Ishishini leoyile negesi
Isetyenziswa kwiipayipi zenkqubo, izitshintshi zobushushu, kunye neentambo zothutho. Kwiimeko zegesi emuncu kunye nekloride, kukhethwa i-2205/2507/904L. Iintsimbi ezimbini zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizitshintshi zobushushu ngenxa yamandla azo aphezulu kunye nokumelana nokugqwala.
Ukutya kunye neziselo
Ukugqitywa komphezulu okuthambileyo kuthintela ukukhula kweebhaktheriya. I-304/316L ifanelekile kwiimveliso zobisi, ukwenziwa kwebhiya, kunye neesosi. I-316L isebenza ngcono xa ityiwa nge-asidi okanye ityuwa. Iipayipi zihlala zicoliwe ngombane ukuze kucoceke.
Ishishini leMithi
Ifuna ubunyulu obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokugqwala. I-316L kunye nezinye iintlobo ezifana ne-316LVM zisetyenziselwa amanzi acocekileyo kunye neenkqubo ze-CIP/SIP. Imiphezulu idla ngokupolisha ngesipili.
5. Isikhokelo sokukhetha amaBanga ngokwesicelo
| Indawo yokusetyenziswa | Amanqaku acetyiswayo |
| Amanzi / Umoya Jikelele | 304 / 304L |
| Iindawo ezityebileyo ngeChloride | 316 / 316L okanye 2205 |
| Umoya oshushu kakhulu | 321/347 |
| Ii-Acids eziqinileyo / iPhosphoric | 904L, 2507 |
| Iinkqubo zoCoceko olukumgangatho wokutya | 316L (Ifakwe umbane) |
| Iinkqubo zamayeza | 316L / 316LVM |
Ixesha leposi: Meyi-06-2025