He mea nui ngā paipa ahumahi kowiri tira puta noa i ngā ahumahi maha nā te mea he kaha rawa te miihini, he ātete ki te waikura, he manawanui hoki ki te pāmahana teitei. I runga i te taiao mahi me ngā whakaritenga hangarau, ko ngā momo e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te 304, 316, 321, 347, 904L, me ngā maitai kowiri tira takirua pērā i2205me2507Ka tūhuratia e tēnei tuhinga te mahi, te kaha pēhanga, me ngā mara tono o ngā paipa kowiri tira hei ārahi i te kōwhiringa rauemi tika.
1. Ngā momo maitai kore waikura noa me ō rātou āhuatanga
•Paipa ahumahi kowiri tira 304LHei maitai waro-iti 304, he rite tonu tōna ātete ki te waikura ki tērā o te 304, engari i muri i te whakarewanga, i te whakamāmā rānei i te ahotea, he tino pai tōna ātete ki te waikura waenga-pūmua, ā, ka taea te pupuri i te ātete waikura pai me te kore e whakamahanatia.
• Paipa ahumahi kowiri tira 304: He pai te ātete ki te waikura, te ātete ki te wera, te kaha ki te pāmahana iti me ngā āhuatanga miihini, he pai ngā āhuatanga tukatuka wera pēnei i te tā me te piko, ā, kāore he āhuatanga whakapakeke maimoatanga wera. Ngā Whakamahinga: taputapu kai, kāpata, poiha, wāhanga motuka, taputapu hauora, rauemi hanga, ahumahi kai (whakamahi pāmahana -196°C-700°C)
Ko ngā āhuatanga matua o ngā paipa ahumahi kowiri tira 310 ko: te ātete ki te pāmahana teitei, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā kohua, ngā paipa putanga hau o ngā motuka. He whānui anō ngā āhuatanga.
•Paipa ahumahi kowiri tira 303: Mā te tāpiri i te iti o te whanariki me te whākōkī, ka māmā ake te tapahi i te 304, ā, he rite tonu ētahi atu āhuatanga ki te 304.
•Paipa ahumahi kowiri tira 302: He whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā pae kowiri tira 302 i roto i ngā wāhanga motuka, te rererangi, ngā taputapu taputapu rererangi, me te ahumahi matū. Ko ngā mea motuhake e whai ake nei: ngā mahi ā-ringa, ngā peera, ngā putiputi reti, ngā taputapu hauora, ngā taputapu hiko, me ētahi atu. Ngā Āhuatanga: Ko te pōro kowiri tira 302 no te maitai austenitic, e tata ana ki te 304, engari he nui ake te pakeke o te 302, HRC≤28, ā, he pai te ātete ki te waikura me te waikura.
•Paipa ahumahi kowiri tira 301: he pai te ngāwari, e whakamahia ana mō ngā hua i hangaia. Ka taea hoki te whakapakeke wawe mā te tukatuka miihini. He pai te kaha ki te whakarewa. He pai ake te ātete ki te kakahu me te kaha ngenge i te kowiri tira 304.
• Paipa ahumahi kowiri tira 202: nō te kowiri tira austenitic chromium-nickel-manganese, he pai ake te mahi i te kowiri tira 201
• Paipa ahumahi kowiri tira 201: nō te maitai kowiri tira austenitic chromium-nickel-manganese, he iti noa te aukumetanga
•Paipa ahumahi kowiri tira 410: nō te martensite (te maitai chromium kaha-teitei), he pai te ātete ki te kakahu me te iti o te ātete ki te waikura.
•Paipa ahumahi kowiri tira 420: Ko te maitai martensitic "tohu taputapu", he rite ki te maitai Brinell teitei-chromium, he maitai kowiri tira tino wawe. Ka whakamahia hoki mō ngā maripi pokanga, ā, ka taea te hanga kia kanapa rawa.
•Paipa ahumahi kowiri tira 430: kowiri tira ferritic, e whakamahia ana mō ngā whakapaipai, pērā i ngā taputapu motuka. He pai te āhua o te hanga, engari he iti te ātete ki te pāmahana me te waikura.
2. Te Ātete Pēhanga o ngā Paipa Kowiri tira
Ko te kaha pēhanga o tētahi paipa maitai kore waikura e whakawhirinaki ana ki tōna rahi (te whānui o waho), te matotoru o te pakitara (hei tauira, SCH40, SCH80), me te pāmahana whakahaere. Ngā mātāpono matua:
•Ka nui ake te ātete ki te pēhanga nā te matotoru o ngā pakitara me te iti o ngā diameter.
•Ka whakaitihia te kaha o te rauemi me ngā paepae pēhanga e ngā pāmahana teitei ake.
•E tata ana ki te rua te kaha o ngā maitai takirua pērā i te 2205 i tō te 316L.
Hei tauira, ka taea e te paipa maitai kore waikura SCH40 304 4-inihi te whakahaere i te 1102 psi i raro i ngā āhuatanga noa. Tērā pea ka neke atu i te 2000 psi te paipa 1-inihi. Me tirotiro ngā kaihangarau i ngā paerewa ASME B31.3, i ngā paerewa rite rānei, mō ngā whakatauranga pēhanga tika.
3. Te Mahi Waikura i roto i ngā Taiao Kino
Ngā Taiao Whai Hua i te Hauhā
Ka ngāwari te 304 ki te pakaru me te SCC i ngā wāhi he nui te tote. E taunakihia ana te 316L, neke atu rānei. Mō ngā take tino kino pēnei i te wai moana, te rehu tote rānei, he pai ake te 2205, 2507, 904L rānei.
Pāpāho Waikawa, Pāpāho Whakahāora rānei
He pai te mahi a te 316L i roto i ngā waikawa ngoikore. Mō ngā waikawa kaha pēnei i te waikawa whanariki, te waikawa phosphoric rānei, whiriwhiria te 904L, ngā maitai takirua koranu-teitei rānei.
Te Waikura i te Pāmahana Teitei
Mō ngā pāmahana neke atu i te 500°C, ka ngaro pea te whai huatanga o te 304 me te 316. Whakamahia ngā momo kua pumau pērā i te 321, te 347 rānei mō te mahi tonu tae atu ki te ~900°C.
4. Ngā Whakamahinga Ahumahi Nui
Ahumahi Hinu me te Hau
E whakamahia ana i roto i ngā paipa tukatuka, ngā whakawhiti wera, me ngā raina kawe. Mō ngā āhuatanga hau kawa me te hauhautanga, ko te 2205/2507/904L te mea e pai ake ana. He whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā maitai takirua i roto i ngā whakawhiti wera nā te mea he kaha teitei, he ātete hoki ki te waikura.
Kai me te Inu
Ka ārai te āhua maeneene o te mata i te tipu o ngā huakita. He pai te 304/316L mō ngā mahi miraka, te hanga pia, me ngā ranu. He pai ake te mahi a te 316L me ngā kai waikawa, tote rānei. He maha ngā wā ka whakakanapahia ngā paipa ki te hiko hei whakapai ake i te akuaku.
Ahumahi Rongoā
Me tino parakore, ā, me ātete hoki ki te waikura. E whakamahia ana te 316L me ngā momo pēnei i te 316LVM mō te wai parakore me ngā pūnaha CIP/SIP. Ko ngā mata he mea whakakanapa ki te whakaata.
5. Aratohu Kōwhiri Māka mā te Tono
| Taiao Taupānga | Ngā Māka i Manakohia |
| Wai / Hau Whānui | 304 / 304L |
| Ngā Taiao Whai Hua i te Hauhā | 316 / 316L, 2205 rānei |
| Āhuarangi Pāmahana-Teitei | 321 / 347 |
| Ngā Waikawa Kaha / Phosphoric | 904L, 2507 |
| Ngā Pūnaha Akuaku Kai-Pai | 316L (Kua whakakanapahia ki te hiko) |
| Ngā Pūnaha Rongoā | 316L / 316LVM |
Wā tuku: Mei-06-2025