Mapaipi achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zabwino kwambiri zamakanika, kukana dzimbiri, komanso kupirira kutentha kwambiri. Kutengera malo ogwirira ntchito ndi zidziwitso zaukadaulo, magiredi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi 304, 316, 321, 347, 904L, komanso zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ziwiri monga2205ndi2507Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane momwe mapaipi achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri amagwirira ntchito, mphamvu zolimbikitsira, ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito kuti atsogolere kusankha bwino zinthu.
1. Magiredi a Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzimbiri Chofala ndi Makhalidwe Awo
•Chitoliro cha mafakitale cha chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 304L: Monga chitsulo cha 304 chopanda mpweya woipa, nthawi zambiri, kukana kwake dzimbiri kumakhala kofanana ndi kwa 304, koma pambuyo powotcherera kapena kuchepetsa kupsinjika, kukana kwake ku dzimbiri la intergranular kumakhala bwino kwambiri, ndipo kumatha kukhalabe ndi kukana dzimbiri popanda kutentha.
•Chitoliro cha mafakitale chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 304: Chili ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi dzimbiri, kukana kutentha, mphamvu yotsika kutentha komanso mphamvu ya makina, mphamvu yabwino yokonza kutentha monga kuponda ndi kupindika, komanso kuuma kwa kutentha sikuli koyenera. Ntchito: mbale zophikira patebulo, makabati, ma boiler, zida zamagalimoto, zida zachipatala, zipangizo zomangira, mafakitale azakudya (kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha -196°C-700°C)
Zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimapezeka mu chitoliro cha mafakitale cha 310 chosapanga dzimbiri ndi izi: kukana kutentha kwambiri, komwe nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ma boiler, mapaipi otulutsa utsi wa magalimoto. Zina mwa zinthuzi ndi zapadziko lonse.
•Chitoliro cha mafakitale chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri 303: Powonjezera sulfure ndi phosphorous pang'ono, zimakhala zosavuta kudula kuposa 304, ndipo zinthu zina zimafanana ndi 304.
•Chitoliro cha mafakitale chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri 302: Mipiringidzo yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri 302 imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'zigawo zamagalimoto, ndege, zida zamagetsi, ndi makampani opanga mankhwala. Zapadera motere: ntchito zamanja, mabearing, maluwa otsetsereka, zida zamankhwala, zida zamagetsi, ndi zina zotero. Mawonekedwe: Mpira wachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri 302 ndi wachitsulo cha austenitic, chomwe chili pafupi ndi 304, koma 302 ili ndi kuuma kwakukulu, HRC≤28, ndipo ili ndi dzimbiri labwino komanso kukana dzimbiri.
•Chitoliro cha mafakitale chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri 301: cholimba bwino, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zopangidwa ndi makina. Chingathenso kulimba mwachangu pogwiritsa ntchito makina. Cholimba bwino. Kulimba kwa kuvala komanso mphamvu ya kutopa ndikwabwino kuposa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri 304.
•Chitoliro cha mafakitale chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri 202: ndi cha chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic cha chromium-nickel-manganese, chomwe chimagwira ntchito bwino kuposa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri 201
•Chitoliro cha mafakitale chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri 201: ndi cha chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic cha chromium-nickel-manganese, chokhala ndi maginito ochepa.
•Chitoliro cha mafakitale cha chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 410: ndi ya martensite (chitsulo cha chromium champhamvu kwambiri), yokhala ndi kukana kukalamba bwino komanso kukana dzimbiri koipa.
•Chitoliro cha mafakitale chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri 420: Chitsulo cha martensitic cha "Chida chapamwamba", chofanana ndi chitsulo cha Brinell cha chromium chapamwamba, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri choyambirira kwambiri. Chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito pa mipeni yopangira opaleshoni ndipo chimatha kupangidwa kukhala chowala kwambiri.
•Chitoliro cha mafakitale chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri 430: chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha ferritic, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokongoletsa, monga zowonjezera zamagalimoto. Chimapangidwa bwino, koma sichimalimbana ndi kutentha komanso sichimalimbana ndi dzimbiri.
2. Kukana Kupanikizika kwa Mapaipi a Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzimbiri
Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya chitoliro chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kumadalira kukula kwake (m'mimba mwake wakunja), makulidwe a khoma (monga, SCH40, SCH80), ndi kutentha kwa ntchito. Mfundo zazikulu:
• Makoma okhuthala komanso mainchesi ang'onoang'ono amapereka mphamvu yolimba.
• Kutentha kwambiri kumachepetsa mphamvu ya zinthu ndi malire a kuthamanga kwa mpweya.
•Zitsulo ziwiri monga 2205 zimapereka mphamvu yowirikiza kawiri kuposa 316L.
Mwachitsanzo, chitoliro chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha SCH40 304 cha mainchesi 4 chingathe kugwira pafupifupi 1102 psi pansi pa mikhalidwe yabwinobwino. Chitoliro cha inchi imodzi chingapitirire 2000 psi. Mainjiniya ayenera kufunsa ASME B31.3 kapena miyezo yofanana nayo kuti apeze mayeso olondola a kuthamanga kwa mpweya.
3. Kugwira Ntchito kwa Dzimbiri M'malo Ovuta
Malo Okhala ndi Chloride Yochuluka
304 imakonda kuphulika ndi kuphulika m'malo okhala ndi mchere wambiri. 316L kapena kupitirira apo ndi bwino. Pa milandu yovuta kwambiri monga madzi a m'nyanja kapena kupopera mchere, 2205, 2507, kapena 904L ndi bwino.
Zofalitsa za Acidic kapena Oxidizing
316L imagwira ntchito bwino mu ma asidi ofooka. Pa ma asidi amphamvu monga sulfuric kapena phosphoric acid, sankhani 904L kapena zitsulo za duplex zokhala ndi alloy yambiri.
Kusungunuka kwa Oxidation pa Kutentha Kwambiri
Pa kutentha kopitirira 500°C, 304 ndi 316 zitha kutaya mphamvu. Gwiritsani ntchito magiredi okhazikika monga 321 kapena 347 kuti mugwiritse ntchito mosalekeza mpaka ~900°C.
4. Ntchito Zazikulu Zamakampani
Makampani a Mafuta ndi Gasi
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza mapaipi, zosinthira kutentha, ndi zingwe zonyamulira. Pa zinthu zomwe zili ndi mpweya wowawasa ndi kloridi, 2205/2507/904L ndi zomwe zimakondedwa. Zitsulo ziwiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zosinthira kutentha chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zapamwamba komanso kukana dzimbiri.
Chakudya ndi Zakumwa
Kusalala kwa pamwamba kumaletsa kukula kwa mabakiteriya. 304/316L ndi abwino kwambiri pa mkaka, kupanga mowa, ndi sosi. 316L imagwira ntchito bwino ndi zakudya zokhala ndi asidi kapena mchere. Mapaipi nthawi zambiri amapukutidwa ndi magetsi kuti akhale aukhondo.
Makampani Opanga Mankhwala
Imafuna kuyera kwambiri komanso kukana dzimbiri. 316L ndi mitundu ina monga 316LVM imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamadzi oyeretsedwa ndi machitidwe a CIP/SIP. Malo nthawi zambiri amakhala opukutidwa ndi galasi.
5. Buku Lotsogolera Kusankha Magiredi Pogwiritsa Ntchito
| Malo Ogwiritsira Ntchito | Magiredi Ovomerezeka |
| Madzi / Mpweya Wamba | 304 / 304L |
| Malo Okhala ndi Chloride Yochuluka | 316 / 316L kapena 2205 |
| Mpweya Wotentha Kwambiri | 321/347 |
| Ma Acids Olimba / Phosphoric | 904L, 2507 |
| Machitidwe Aukhondo Oyenera Chakudya | 316L (Yopukutidwa ndi Magetsi) |
| Machitidwe a Mankhwala | 316L / 316LVM |
Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-06-2025