Forging ke e 'ngoe ea mekhoa ea khale ka ho fetisisa le e tšeptjoang ka ho fetisisa ea ho sebetsa ka tšepe, e sebelisetsoang ho bōpa tšepe ka ho sebelisa matla a khatello. E ntlafatsa thepa ea mochini, e hloekisa meaho ea lijo-thollo, 'me e felisa bofokoli, e etsa hore likarolo tse qheketsoeng li be tse loketseng bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse batloang joalo ka sefofane, likoloi, phepelo ea motlakase, kaho le oli le khase.
Sengoliloeng sena se hlalosamokhoa oa ho phallale e totobatsanglitšobotsi tsa bohlokoa tsa forgings, e fanang ka temohisiso ea hore na ke hobane'ng ha likarolo tse entsoeng li ratoa lits'ebetsong tsa bohlokoa ho pholletsa le indasteri.
sakysteel
Ho Forging ke Eng?
Forging ke mokhoa oa ho etsa moo tšepe e bōpehileng ka hamore, ho hatella, kapa ho bilika. E ka etsoa ka lithempereichara tse sa tšoaneng—tse chesang, tse futhumetseng, kapa tse batang—ho itšetlehile ka thepa le tšebeliso.
Sepheo se seholo sa ho qhekella ke ho hlahisa likarolo tse nang le matla a holimo, a thata le a ts'epahalang. Ho fapana le ho lahla kapa ho etsa mechine, ho forging ho ntlafatsa sebopeho sa ka hare sa thepa ka ho lumellana le phallo ea lijo-thollo le sebōpeho sa karolo, e leng se hlahisang thepa e ntlafetseng ea mochine.
Ts'ebetso ea Phallo ea ho Forging
Ho qhekella ho kenyelletsa mehato e mengata, ho tloha ho tokiso ea thepa e tala ho fihlela qetellong. Ka tlase ke tlhaloso e qaqileng ea mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa ho phalla:
1. Khetho ea Lintho
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Lisebelisoa tse tala tse kang carbon steel, stainless steel, alloy steel, kapa non-ferrous metals li khethoa ho latela litlhoko tsa kopo.
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Lisebelisoa li hlahlojoa ho bona hore na li entsoe joang, li hloekile, 'me li tsitsitse.
2. Ho Seha Thepa e tala
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Thepa e khethiloeng kapa billet e khaoloa ka bolelele bo loketseng ho sebelisoa ho kuta, ho sakha kapa ho khaola lelakabe.
3. Ho futhumatsa
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Likheo tse sehiloeng li futhumatsoa ka sebōping ho mocheso o loketseng ho forging (ka tloaelo 1100-1250 ° C bakeng sa tšepe).
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Ho futhumatsa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang ho bohlokoa ho thibela khatello ea maikutlo kapa ho phatloha.
4. Ho etsa esale pele
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Thepa e futhumetseng e entsoe ka mokhoa o batlang o sebelisoa ho sebelisa open-die kapa tobetsa ho e lokisa bakeng sa forging ea ho qetela.
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Mohato ona o thusa ho aba thepa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang.
5. Ho theha (Deformation)
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Tšepe e entsoe ka sebopeho se lakatsehang ka ho sebelisa:
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Boqapi bo bulehileng(ho qhekella mahala)
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Koaletsoeng-fa qhekella(ho qapa maikutlo)
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Ho letsa lesale
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Boiketsi ba ho qhekella
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Ho qhekella ho etsoa ka lihamore, li-presses tsa hydraulic, kapa li-screw press.
6. Ho khaola (haeba ho koalehile-die foring)
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Thepa e feteletseng (flash) e fokotsoa ho sebelisoa mochine oa khatiso kapa sakha.
7. Ho phodisa
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Likarolo tse entsoeng ka maiketsetso li lumelloa ho pholile ka mokhoa o laoloang ho qoba khatello ea mocheso.
8. Kalafo ea Mocheso
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Liphekolo tsa mocheso ka mor'a ho hema joalo ka ho annealing, normalizing, quenching le tempering li sebelisoa ho:
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Ntlafatsa thepa ea mochini
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Fokotsa khatello ea kelello ka hare
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Ntlafatsa sebopeho sa lijo-thollo
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9. Ho Hloekisa Sebaka
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Sekala le oxidation ts'ebetsong ea ho qhekella li tlosoa ka:
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Ho thunya
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Pickling
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Ho sila
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10.Tlhahlobo
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Liteko tsa maemo le tse sa senyeheng (mohlala, ultrasonic, magnetic particle) li etsoa.
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Teko ea mechine (ho tsitsisa, tšusumetso, boima) e etsoa ho netefatsa hore ho latela melao.
11.Ho sebetsa le ho qetela
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Lisebelisoa tse ling li ka 'na tsa etsoa ka mochine oa CNC, ho cheka, kapa ho sila ho finyella litlhaloso tsa ho qetela.
12.Ho tshwaya le ho Paka
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Lihlahisoa li tšoauoa ka linomoro tsa batch, litlhaloso le linomoro tsa mocheso.
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Likarolo tse felileng li tlatsitsoe bakeng sa ho tsamaisoa ka litokomane tse hlokahalang.
Litšobotsi tsa Forgings
Forgings e fana ka melemo e ikhethang ka matla, botšepehi le ts'ebetso ha e bapisoa le likarolo tse entsoeng kapa tse entsoeng ka mochine. Ka tlase ke litšobotsi tsa mantlha:
1. Thepa e Phahameng ea Mechini
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Matla a phahameng a tsitsipano, ho hanyetsa mokhathala, le ho ba le tšusumetso e matla.
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E loketse likarolo tse tlas'a meroalo e matla kapa ea cyclic.
2. Phallo ea Mabele e Tsamaisang
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Sebopeho sa lijo-thollo se lumellana le karolo ea geometry, ho eketsa nako e telele le ho hanyetsa khatello ea kelello.
3. Botšepehi bo Ntlafetseng ba Sebopeho
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Forging e felisa li-voids tsa ka hare, porosity, le inclusions tse tloaelehileng ho lahla.
4. Ductility e Khōlō le Toughness
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E khona ho monya ho makala le deformation ntle le ho phatloha.
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E thusa maemong a khatello e phahameng kapa e nang le tšusumetso e matla.
5. Boleng bo Botle ba Sefahleho
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Likarolo tse entsoeng ka maiketsetso hangata li na le libaka tse boreleli, tse tšoanang ho feta li-castings.
6. Ho Nepaha ha Dimensional ho Hlollang
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Haholo-holo ho koaletsoeng-die forging, moo mamello e leng thata ebile e tsitsitse.
7. Ho feto-fetoha ha lintho tse bonahalang
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E loketse mefuta e mengata ea lisebelisoa: tšepe e sa hloekang, tšepe ea motsoako, tšepe ea sesebelisoa, aluminium, titanium le koporo.
8. Litšila Tse Fokotseng
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Tšebeliso e phahameng ea thepa ha e bapisoa le machining a tsoang libolokong tse tiileng.
Mefuta ea Mekhoa ea ho Feta
Open-Die Forging
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Libopeho tse bonolo, tse kholo joalo ka shafts, discs, le blocks.
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Ho fetoha habonolo, empa ho nepahala ho fokolang.
Koala-Die Forging
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Likarolo tse rarahaneng, tse nang le sebopeho sa marang-rang.
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Theko e phahameng ea lisebelisoa, ho nepahala ho betere.
Cold Forging
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E etsoa ka mocheso oa kamore.
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E fana ka phello e ntle ka ho fetesisa le taolo ea boholo.
Hot Forging
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E eketsa ductility mme e fokotsa matla a ho etsa.
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E sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse thata joalo ka tšepe ea alloy.
Likarolo tse Tloaelehileng tse entsoeng
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Li-crankshafts
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Melamu ea ho kopanya
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Li-gears le likheo tsa lisebelisoa
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Li-flanges le li-fittings
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Li-valve le li-couplings
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Masakana a sepakapaka
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Li-axle tsa terene
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Li-shafts tse boima
Forgings e bohlokoa kae kapa kae moo matla a phahameng le ts'epahalo li hlokahalang tlasa maemo a thata a ts'ebetso.
Liindasteri tse Itšetlehileng ka Forging
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Tsa makoloi: Likarolo tsa enjene, li-axle, li-knuckle tsa ho tsamaisa
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Sepakapaka: Lisebelisoa tsa ho thella, li-disk tsa turbine, likarolo tsa airframe
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Oli le Khase: Li-flanges, li-valve, likarolo tsa sekepe sa khatello
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Kaho: Lisebelisoa, lihokelo tsa sebopeho
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Merafo le Mechini e boima: Li-roller, shafts, pin le lihokelo
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Moloko oa Matla: Li-blades tsa turbine, li-shafts tsa jenereithara
Ho qhekella ho bohlokoa mafapheng ana moo polokeho, ts'ebetso le bophelo ba ts'ebeletso li sa rekisoeng.
Maemo a Boleng le Litifikeiti
At sakysteel, lihlahisoa tsa maiketsetso lia etsoa le ho lekoa ho finyella litekanyetso tsa lefats'e tse kang:
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ASTM A182- Alloy e entsoeng kapa e robisitsoeng le liphaephe tsa tšepe tse sa hloekang, lisebelisoa tse qhetsoeng
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EN 10222- Mehaho ea tšepe bakeng sa merero ea khatello
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ASME B16.5 / B16.47- Li-flanges
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ISO 9001– Quality Management
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TS EN 10204 3.1 / 3.2– Mill Test Certificate
Re netefatsa ts'ebetso e felletseng, litokomane tsa boleng, le ts'ehetso ea tlhahlobo ea motho oa boraro kamoo ho hlokahalang.
Qetello
Forging e ntse e le e 'ngoe ea mekhoa e ka tšeptjoang le e sebetsang ka ho fetisisa ea ho etsa tšepe, e khonang ho hlahisa likarolo tse matla tse nang le botšepehi bo ke keng ba lekanngoa. Ho tloha ho li-shaft forgings ho fektheri ea matla ho ea ho likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa lifofane le li-reactor tsa lik'hemik'hale, likarolo tse ferekaneng li fana ka ts'ebetso e phahameng ea mochini, ho tsitsisa le ho tšoarella.
Ka ho utloisisaforging process flowle ealitšobotsi tsa bohlokoa tsa forgings, baenjiniere le litsebi tsa ho reka thepa ba ka etsa khetho e nepahetseng ea lisebelisoa bakeng sa likopo tsa bona tse khethehileng.
Bakeng sa forgings ea boleng bo holimo, ho kenyelletsa tšepe e sa hloekang le likarolo tsa tšepe ea alloy, tšepasakysteelho fana ka ts'ebetso e nepahetseng, ts'ebetso le khotso ea kelello.
Nako ea poso: Aug-01-2025