Ukubumba yenye yezona nkqubo zindala nezithembekileyo zokusebenza ngesinyithi, esetyenziselwa ukubumba isinyithi kusetyenziswa amandla oxinzelelo. Iphucula iipropati zoomatshini, iphucula izakhiwo zeenkozo, kwaye isuse iziphene, okwenza izinto ezibumbayo zilungele ukusetyenziswa okungafunekiyo njengeenqwelo-moya, iimoto, ukuveliswa kombane, ukwakhiwa, kunye neoyile negesi.
Eli nqaku lichazaukuhamba kwenkqubo yokubumbakwaye iqaqambisaiimpawu eziphambili ze-forgings, enika ulwazi malunga nokuba kutheni izinto ezibunjiweyo zikhethwa kakhulu kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo kumashishini onke.
i-sakysteel
Yintoni iForging?
Ukubumba yinkqubo yokuvelisa apho isinyithi sibunjwa ngokubethelwa, ukucinezelwa, okanye ukuqengqeleka. Singenziwa kumaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo—ashushu, ashushu, okanye abandayo—kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo.
Eyona njongo iphambili yokufakela izinto kukuvelisa iindawo ezinamandla aphezulu, eziqinileyo, nezithembekileyo. Ngokungafaniyo nokufakela izinto okanye umatshini, ukufaka izinto kuphucula ulwakhiwo lwangaphakathi lwezinto ngokulungelelanisa ukuhamba kweenkozo kunye nemilo yenxalenye, nto leyo ephumela kwiipropati zoomatshini eziphuculweyo.
Ukuhamba kweNkqubo yokuQonga
Ukubumba kubandakanya amanyathelo amaninzi, ukusuka ekulungiseleleni izinto eziluhlaza ukuya ekugqityweni kokugqibela. Apha ngezantsi kukho uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha lwendlela eqhelekileyo yokubumba:
1. Ukukhetha Izinto
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Izinto ezisetyenziswa kudala ezifana nentsimbi yekhabhoni, intsimbi engatyiwayo, intsimbi ye-alloy, okanye iintsimbi ezingezizo iintsimbi zikhethwa ngokweemfuno zokusetyenziswa.
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Izinto ziyahlolwa ukuze zikhangele ukwakheka, ukucoceka, kunye nokuhambelana kwazo.
2. Ukusika Izinto Eziluhlaza
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Ibha okanye i-billet ekhethiweyo isikwa ibe bubude obufanelekileyo kusetyenziswa ukucheba, ukusarha, okanye ukusika ilangatye.
3. Ukufudumeza
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Izikhewu ezisikiweyo zifudunyezwa kwisithando somlilo ukuya kubushushu obufanelekileyo bokubumba (ngesiqhelo i-1100–1250°C yentsimbi).
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Ukufudumala okufanayo kubalulekile ukuthintela uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi okanye ukuqhekeka.
4. Ukulungiselela kwangaphambili
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Izinto ezishushu zenziwe ngendlela erhabaxa kusetyenziswa i-open-die okanye i-press ukuze zilungele ukubumba okokugqibela.
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Eli nyathelo linceda ekusasazeni izinto ngokulinganayo.
5. Ukubumba (Ukuguqulwa)
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Isinyithi sibunjwa sibe yimo efunekayo kusetyenziswa nokuba:
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Ukufakelwa kwe-open-die(ukubumba simahla)
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Ukufakelwa kweedayi ezivaliweyo(umfanekiso wokufa)
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Ukuqengqeleka kweringi
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Ukubumba okuphazamisekileyo
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Ukubumba kwenziwa kusetyenziswa iihamile, ii-hydraulic presses, okanye ii-screw presses.
6. Ukucheba (ukuba kufakwe i-closed-die forging)
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Izinto ezigqithisileyo (i-flash) zinqunyulwa kusetyenziswa umatshini wokucheba okanye isarha.
7. Ukupholisa
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Iindawo ezixonxiweyo zivunyelwe ukuba ziphole ngendlela elawulwayo ukuze kuthintelwe uxinzelelo lobushushu.
8. Unyango lobushushu
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Unyango lobushushu emva kokubumba olufana nokuqhoboshela, ukumisa, ukucima, kunye nokuthambisa lusetyenziswa kwezi zinto zilandelayo:
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Phucula iipropati zoomatshini
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Nciphisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi
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Cocisa isakhiwo sengqolowa
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9. Ukucoca Umphezulu
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Isikali kunye ne-oxidation kwinkqubo yokubumba zisuswa ngoku:
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Ukudubula ngeembumbulu
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Ukukha
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Ukusila
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10.Uhlolo
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Kuyenziwa uvavanyo olunobukhulu nolungatshabalalisiyo (umz., i-ultrasound, i-magnetic particle).
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Uvavanyo loomatshini (ukutsalwa, impembelelo, ubulukhuni) lwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho.
11.Umatshini kunye nokugqiba
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Ezinye izinto zokugquma zinokusetyenziswa kwi-CNC machining, drying, okanye grinding ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nemigaqo yokugqibela.
12.Ukumakisha kunye nokuPakisha
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Iimveliso ziphawulwe ngamanani ebhetshi, iinkcukacha, kunye namanani obushushu.
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Iindawo ezigqityiweyo zipakishwa ukuze zithunyelwe kunye namaxwebhu afunekayo.
Iimpawu zeForgings
IiForgings zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezahlukeneyo ngamandla, ukuthembeka, kunye nokusebenza xa kuthelekiswa neendawo ezibunjiweyo okanye ezenziwe ngomatshini. Nazi iimpawu eziphambili:
1. Iipropati zoMatshini eziPhakamileyo
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Amandla aphezulu okutyhala, ukumelana nokudinwa, kunye nokuqina kwempembelelo.
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Ilungele iindawo eziphantsi kwemithwalo enamandla okanye ejikelezayo.
2. Ukuhamba kweenkozo okuya ngqo
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Ulwakhiwo lweenkozo luhambelana nejometri yenxalenye, nto leyo eyonyusa ukuqina kunye nokumelana noxinzelelo.
3. Ukuqina kwesakhiwo okuphuculweyo
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Ukubumba kususa imingxunya yangaphakathi, iimbobo, kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ekubunjweni.
4. Ukuqina Okukhulu kunye Nokuqina
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Ingafunxa ukothuka kunye nokuguquka ngaphandle kokuqhekeka.
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Iluncedo kwiindawo ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu okanye ezichaphazeleka kakhulu.
5. Umgangatho ongcono womphezulu
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Iindawo ezibunjiweyo zihlala zineendawo ezithambileyo nezifanayo kunezo zibunjiweyo.
6. Ukuchaneka Okugqwesileyo Kwemilinganiselo
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Ingakumbi kwi-closed-die forging, apho ukunyamezelana kuqinile kwaye kuhambelana.
7. Ukuguquguquka kwezinto ezibonakalayo
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Ifanelekile kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo: intsimbi engatyiwayo, intsimbi ye-alloy, intsimbi yezixhobo, i-aluminium, i-titanium, kunye nobhedu.
8. Inkunkuma yezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo encitshisiweyo
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Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwezinto xa kuthelekiswa noomatshini abasebenzisa iibhloko eziqinileyo.
Iintlobo zeendlela zokubumba
Ukuyila Okuvulekileyo
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Iimilo ezilula nezinkulu ezifana neeshafts, iidiski, kunye neebhloko.
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Ukuguquguquka okungakumbi, kodwa ukuchaneka okuncinci.
Ukuyila okuValiweyo
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Izinto ezintsonkothileyo, ezimile okwenethi.
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Iindleko eziphezulu zezixhobo, ukuchaneka okungcono.
Ukwakha Okubandayo
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Yenziwe kubushushu begumbi.
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Iziphumo zigqibelela kakuhle umphezulu kunye nolawulo oluphezulu.
Ukubumba Okushushu
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Iyandisa ukuguquguquka kwaye inciphisa amandla okubumba.
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Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizinto eziqinileyo ezifana nentsimbi ye-alloy.
Iinxalenye eziqhelekileyo ezenziwe
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Ii-Crankshafts
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Izintonga zokudibanisa
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Iigiya kunye neegiya ezingenanto
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Iiflanges kunye nezixhobo
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Iivalvu kunye nee-couplings
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Izibiyeli zeenqwelo-moya
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Ii-axle zesitimela
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Iishafti ezinzima
Ukufakelwa kwezixhobo kubalulekile naphi na apho kufuneka amandla aphezulu kunye nokuthembeka phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza ezinzima.
Amashishini Axhomekeke Ekubumbeni
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Iimoto: Izixhobo zenjini, ii-axles, ii-knuckles zokuqhuba
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Inqwelo-moyaIzixhobo zokufikela, iidiski zeturbine, izinto zefreyimu yomoya
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Ioyile kunye neGesi: Iiflanges, iivalvu, izinto zesitya soxinzelelo
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UlwakhiwoIzixhobo, izihlanganisi zesakhiwo
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Ukwemba Imigodi Noomatshini AbanzimaIirola, imiphini, iiphini, kunye neekhonkco
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Ukuveliswa koMbaneIiblade zeTurbine, imiphini yejenereyitha
Ukuqamba kubaluleke kakhulu kula macandelo apho ukhuseleko, ukusebenza, kunye nobomi benkonzo bungaxoxiswana.
Imigangatho yoMgangatho kunye neZiqinisekiso
At i-sakysteel, iimveliso ezenziwe ngobuqhetseba zenziwa kwaye zivavanyelwe ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho yehlabathi efana nale:
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I-ASTM A182– Iiflanges zepayipi ze-Forged okanye Rolled Alloy kunye ne-Stainless Steel, Izixhobo ze-Forged
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EN 10222– Izinto zokufakelwa zentsimbi ngeenjongo zoxinzelelo
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I-ASME B16.5 / B16.47– Iiflanges
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I-ISO 9001– Ulawulo loMgangatho
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I-EN 10204 3.1 / 3.2- Izatifikethi zovavanyo lweMill
Siqinisekisa ukulandeleka ngokupheleleyo, amaxwebhu asemgangathweni, kunye nenkxaso yokuhlolwa ngumntu wesithathu njengoko kufuneka.
Isiphelo
Ukubumba kuseyeyona nkqubo yokwenza isinyithi ethembekileyo nesebenzayo, ekwaziyo ukuvelisa iindawo ezinamandla aphezulu ezinobunono obungenakuthelekiswa nanto. Ukususela ekubumbeni imingxunya kwizityalo zamandla ukuya kwizinto ezibalulekileyo kwii-reactors zeenqwelo-moya kunye neekhemikhali, iindawo ezibumbayo zibonelela ngokusebenza kakuhle koomatshini, ukuhambelana, kunye nokuqina.
Ngokuqondaukuhamba kwenkqubo yokubumbakwaye iiimpawu eziphambili ze-forgings, iinjineli kunye neengcali zokuthenga zinokwenza ukhetho olunolwazi lwezinto ezifunekayo kwizicelo zazo ezithile.
Kwizinto zokufakelwa ezikumgangatho ophezulu, kuquka intsimbi engagqwaliyo kunye neenxalenye zentsimbi ye-alloy, trusti-sakysteelukunika ukuchaneka, ukusebenza, kunye noxolo lwengqondo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-01-2025