Zithini iiMpawu zoKuhlola Umgangatho wezinto ezifakelweyo?

IiForging zisetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini afuna amandla, ukuthembeka, kunye nokusebenza—njengeenqwelo-moya, iimoto, ukuveliswa kwamandla, ukwakha iinqanawa, kunye neekhemikhali zepetroli. Kodwa ukuvelisa iforging yinxalenye nje yebali. Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo,umgangatho wezinto zokubumba kufuneka uqinisekiswe ngokupheleleyongaphambi kokuba zisetyenziswe.

Ngoko ke,Zithini iitshekhi zomgangatho wezinto ezifakelweyo?Eli nqaku liza kukubonisa iindlela eziphambili zokuhlola, imigangatho yovavanyo, kunye neendlela zokulawula umgangatho ezisetyenziswa kushishino lokwenza izinto.i-sakysteeldibanisa iileya ezininzi zokuhlola kwinqanaba ngalinye lenkqubo yokubumba ukuze unikezele ngezinto ezithembekileyo neziqinisekisiweyo kubathengi kwihlabathi liphela.

Kutheni Ukuhlolwa Komgangatho Kubalulekile Kwizinto Ezithengiswayo

Ukuhlolwa komgangatho kunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba:

• Ukuchaneka kobukhulu

• Ukunyaniseka kwesakhiwo

• Iipropati zoomatshini ezihambelanayo

• Ukugqitywa komphezulu kunye nembonakalo

• Ukuhambelana nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe (i-ASTM, i-EN, i-ISO, njl.njl.)

Ukungahlolisisi ngokuchanekileyo inxalenye eyenziwe ngenkohliso kunokubangela oku kulandelayo:

• Ukusilela kwezixhobo

• Ixesha lokungasebenzi kwemveliso

• Ukubuyiselwa okanye ukulungiswa okubizayo

• Iingozi zokhuseleko

Amanqanaba aPhambili okujonga umgangatho wezinto ezifakelweyo

Inkqubo yokuhlola ukwenziwa yahlulwe yangamanqanaba abalulekileyo aliqela:

1. Ukuhlolwa kwezinto eziluhlaza

2. Ulawulo loMgangatho oluPhakathi kwiNkqubo (IPQC)

3. Uhlolo lokugqibela kunye novavanyo

4. Uxwebhu kunye nokulandelelwa

Masihlolisise nganye ngokweenkcukacha.

1. Ukuhlolwa kwezinto eziluhlaza

Ukuqinisekiswa komgangatho kuqala nangaphambi kokuba kuqalwe ukubumba. Izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo—nokuba yintsimbi, i-bar, okanye i-ingot—kufuneka zihlangabezane neemfuno ezichanekileyo zokwakheka kweekhemikhali kunye nococeko.

Ukuhlolwa okwenziweyo:

• Uhlalutyo lweekhemikhaliusebenzisa ii-spectrometers okanye ii-optical emission spectroscopy (OES)

• Uhlolo olubonakalayokwiimfanta zomhlaba, umhlwa, okanye ungcoliseko

• Uvavanyo lwe-Ultrasonicukujonga izinto ezingaphakathi okanye izithuba

• Ukuqinisekiswa kwesiqinisekiso sezinto eziphathekayo(MTC, EN 10204 3.1 okanye 3.2)

i-sakysteelIfumana kuphela izinto eziluhlaza ezivela kwiifektri eziqinisekisiweyo kwaye iqinisekisa ngokupheleleyo izinto ngaphambi kokuba kuqale nayiphi na inkqubo yokubumba.

2. Ulawulo loMgangatho oluSebenzayo (IPQC)

Ngexesha lokwenziwa, kwenziwa uhlolo oluqhubekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba inxalenye nganye yenziwe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ihlala ingenasiphako.

a) Ulawulo lobushushu

Amaqondo obushushu afunekayo kufuneka ahlale kuluhlu oluchanekileyo lohlobo ngalunye lwezinto. Ubushushu obugqithisileyo bunokubangela ukukhula kweenkozo, ngelixa ubushushu obungaphantsi bunokubangela ukuqhekeka.

• Iithemometha ze-infraredkwayeiipyrometerjonga amaqondo obushushu aphezulu naphakathi

• Abalawuli besithando sedijithaligcina imijikelo yokufudumeza ihambelana

b) Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kunye nobukhulu

Ngexesha nasemva kokuyila, abaqhubi bajonga oku kulandelayo:

• Ukuhamba kakuhle kwesinyithi

• Ukwakheka kwefleshi

• Imifantu, imijikelo, imigobo

• Ukuguquka kunye nokugoba

Ukuhlolwa okusisiseko kobukhulu kwenziwa kusetyenziswa ii-calipers, ii-gauges, kunye neetemplates.

c) Ukuhlolwa kweDie kunye neZixhobo

Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwee-forging dies kuqinisekisa ukuma okufanayo kwaye kuthintela iziphene zomphezulu.

3. Uhlolo lokugqibela kunye novavanyo

Eli lelona nqanaba libalulekileyo lokuqinisekisa umgangatho. Inxalenye eyenziwe ngesinyithi idlula kwiimvavanyo ezininzi ezingonakalisiyo nezoomatshini ukuqinisekisa ukuba iyahlangabezana nayo yonke imigangatho yoyilo nokhuseleko.

a) Uvavanyo lweMilinganiselo

• Umatshini wokulinganisa oQokelelweyo (i-CMM)isetyenziselwa iijometri ezintsonkothileyo

• IiCalipers, ii-micrometer, kunye neetemplatejonga ubungakanani bayo yonke, ukuba tyaba, ukuba ngqukuva, kunye nobukhulu

• Ukunyamezelana kuqinisekiswa ngokwemizobo kunye nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe

b) Uhlolo olubonakalayo

Umhloli oqeqeshiweyo ujonga:

• Ukuqhekeka komphezulu, ukukrazuka, okanye ukugoba

• Ukuxuba okanye isikali

• Isiphelo esibi okanye imiphetho ebukhali

• Ifleshi engalungiswanga ngokupheleleyo

IiForgings ezivelai-sakysteeljonga ngamehlo ngokupheleleyo ngaphambi kokuba upakishe.

c) Uvavanyo Olungonakalisiyo (NDT)

Olu vavanyo luchonga iziphene zangaphakathi okanye zomphezulu ngaphandle kokonakalisa inxalenye.