Plaub Hom Hlau Stainless thiab Lub Luag Haujlwm ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Alloying:
Cov hlau tsis xeb tuaj yeem muab faib ua plaub hom tseem ceeb: austenitic, martensitic, ferritic, thiab duplex stainless hlau (Rooj 1). Qhov kev faib tawm no yog raws li microstructure ntawm stainless hlau ntawm chav tsev kub. Thaum cov hlau qis-carbon raug cua sov rau 1550 ° C, nws cov microstructure hloov pauv los ntawm chav tsev kub ferrite mus rau austenite. Thaum txias, cov microstructure rov qab mus rau ferrite. Austenite, uas muaj nyob rau ntawm qhov kub siab, tsis yog magnetic thiab feem ntau muaj zog qis dua tab sis zoo dua ductility piv rau chav tsev kub ferrite.
Thaum cov chromium (Cr) cov ntsiab lus hauv cov hlau tshaj 16%, qhov kub hauv chav tsev microstructure yuav ruaj khov hauv theem ferrite, tswj ferrite ntawm txhua qhov kub thiab txias. Hom no hu ua ferritic stainless hlau. Thaum ob qho tib si cov ntsiab lus chromium (Cr) yog siab dua 17% thiab cov ntsiab lus nickel (Ni) yog siab dua 7%, theem austenite yuav ruaj khov, tswj austenite los ntawm qhov kub qis mus txog rau qhov melting.
Cov hlau tsis xeb Austenitic feem ntau hu ua "Cr-N", thaum cov hlau tsis xeb martensitic thiab ferritic hu ua "Cr". Cov ntsiab lus hauv cov hlau tsis xeb thiab cov hlau filler tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov ntsiab lus tsim austenite thiab cov ntsiab lus tsim ferrite. Cov ntsiab lus tsim austenite tseem ceeb suav nrog Ni, C, Mn, thiab N, thaum cov ntsiab lus tsim ferrite tseem ceeb suav nrog Cr, Si, Mo, thiab Nb. Kev kho cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus no tuaj yeem tswj tau qhov sib piv ntawm ferrite hauv qhov sib koom ua ke.
Cov hlau tsis xeb Austenitic, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum muaj tsawg dua 5% nitrogen (N), yooj yim dua rau kev vuam thiab muab qhov zoo dua vuam piv rau cov hlau tsis xeb uas muaj cov ntsiab lus N qis dua. Cov pob qij txha vuam hlau tsis xeb Austenitic muaj zog thiab ductility zoo, feem ntau tshem tawm qhov xav tau kev kho cua sov ua ntej vuam thiab tom qab vuam. Hauv kev vuam hlau tsis xeb, cov hlau tsis xeb austenitic suav txog 80% ntawm tag nrho cov hlau tsis xeb siv, ua rau nws yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tsab xov xwm no.
Yuav ua li cas xaiv qhov yogvuam hlau tsis xebcov khoom siv, cov xov hlau thiab cov electrodes?
Yog tias cov khoom niam txiv zoo ib yam, txoj cai thawj zaug yog "phim cov khoom niam txiv." Piv txwv li, yog tias thee txuas nrog 310 lossis 316 stainless hlau, xaiv cov khoom thee sib xws. Thaum vuam cov khoom sib txawv, ua raws li cov lus qhia ntawm kev xaiv cov khoom siv hauv paus uas phim cov ntsiab lus siab alloying. Piv txwv li, thaum vuam 304 thiab 316 stainless hlau, xaiv 316 hom vuam khoom siv. Txawm li cas los xij, kuj muaj ntau qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb uas txoj cai ntawm "phim cov hlau hauv paus" tsis raug ua raws. Hauv qhov xwm txheej no, nws raug nquahu kom "saib daim ntawv xaiv khoom siv vuam.". Piv txwv li, hom 304 stainless hlau yog cov khoom siv hauv paus feem ntau, tab sis tsis muaj hom 304 vuam pas nrig.
Yog tias cov khoom siv vuam yuav tsum phim cov hlau puag, yuav ua li cas xaiv cov khoom siv vuam los vuam 304 stainless hlau xaim thiab electrode?
Thaum vuam cov hlau tsis xeb 304, siv cov khoom siv vuam hom 308 vim tias cov ntsiab lus ntxiv hauv 308 hlau tsis xeb tuaj yeem ua kom thaj chaw vuam ruaj khov zoo dua. 308L kuj yog qhov kev xaiv zoo. L qhia txog cov ntsiab lus carbon tsawg, 3XXL hlau tsis xeb qhia txog cov ntsiab lus carbon ntawm 0.03%, thaum cov hlau tsis xeb txheem 3XX tuaj yeem muaj txog li 0.08% cov ntsiab lus carbon. Vim tias cov khoom siv vuam hom L koom nrog tib hom kev faib tawm li cov khoom siv vuam tsis yog hom L, cov chaw tsim khoom yuav tsum xav txog kev siv cov khoom siv vuam hom L cais vim tias nws cov ntsiab lus carbon tsawg tuaj yeem txo qhov kev nyiam ntawm kev xeb intergranular. Qhov tseeb, tus sau ntseeg tias yog tias cov chaw tsim khoom xav hloov kho lawv cov khoom, cov ntaub ntawv daj zoo li L yuav siv dav dua. Cov chaw tsim khoom uas siv cov txheej txheem vuam GMAW kuj xav txog kev siv 3XXSi hom hlau tsis xeb vim SI tuaj yeem txhim kho cov khoom ntub thiab xau. Yog tias qhov chaw uas cov thee muaj lub ncov siab dua lossis qhov kev sib txuas ntawm lub pas dej vuam tsis zoo ntawm qhov txuas ntawm lub kaum sab xis qeeb lossis lub voj voog vuam, kev siv cov hlau vuam uas muaj roj tiv thaiv uas muaj S tuaj yeem ua rau cov thee ntub thiab txhim kho qhov nrawm ntawm kev tso tawm.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Cuaj hlis-26-2023