Mitundu Inayi ya Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzimbiri ndi Udindo wa Zinthu Zopangira Alloying:
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chingagawidwe m'magulu anayi akuluakulu: austenitic, martensitic, ferritic, ndi duplex stainless steel (Table 1). Gululi limachokera ku kapangidwe kake ka chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kutentha kwa chipinda. Chitsulo chopanda mpweya wochepa chikatenthedwa kufika pa 1550°C, kapangidwe kake kamasintha kuchoka pa ferrite yotentha m'chipinda kupita ku austenite. Chikazizira, kapangidwe kake kamasintha kukhala ferrite. Austenite, yomwe imapezeka kutentha kwambiri, siigwiritsa ntchito maginito ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa koma imakhala ndi mphamvu yabwino poyerekeza ndi ferrite yotentha m'chipinda.
Pamene kuchuluka kwa chromium (Cr) mu chitsulo kupitirira 16%, kapangidwe ka kutentha kwa chipinda kamakhala kokhazikika mu gawo la ferrite, kusunga ferrite pa kutentha konse. Mtundu uwu umatchedwa ferritic stainless steel. Pamene kuchuluka kwa chromium (Cr) kuli pamwamba pa 17% ndipo kuchuluka kwa nickel (Ni) kuli pamwamba pa 7%, gawo la austenite limakhala lokhazikika, kusunga austenite kuyambira kutentha kochepa mpaka kufika posungunuka.
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Austenitic nthawi zambiri chimatchedwa mtundu wa "Cr-N", pomwe zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za martensitic ndi ferritic zimatchedwa mwachindunji mtundu wa "Cr". Zinthu zomwe zili mu chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi zitsulo zodzaza zimatha kugawidwa m'magulu a zinthu zopangira austenite ndi zinthu zopangira ferrite. Zinthu zazikulu zopangira austenite zimaphatikizapo Ni, C, Mn, ndi N, pomwe zinthu zazikulu zopangira ferrite zimaphatikizapo Cr, Si, Mo, ndi Nb. Kusintha zomwe zili muzinthuzi kumatha kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa ferrite mu cholumikizira cha weld.
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Austenitic, makamaka chikakhala ndi nayitrogeni wochepera 5% (N), n'chosavuta kulumikiza ndipo chimapereka ubwino wabwino kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zili ndi N yochepa. Malumikizidwe a Austenitic stainless steel weld amasonyeza mphamvu zabwino komanso kusinthasintha, nthawi zambiri amachotsa kufunikira kwa mankhwala otentha asanayambe kulumikiza ndi pambuyo pa kulumikiza. Pankhani yolumikiza zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, austenitic stainless steel imapanga 80% ya kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nkhaniyi ikhale yofunika kwambiri.
Momwe mungasankhire cholondolakuwotcherera chitsulo chosapanga dzimbirizinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito, mawaya ndi ma electrode?
Ngati zinthu zoyambira zili zofanana, lamulo loyamba ndi "kufananiza zinthu zoyambira." Mwachitsanzo, ngati malasha alumikizidwa ku chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 310 kapena 316, sankhani zinthu zoyambira zomwe zikugwirizana ndi malasha. Mukalumikiza zinthu zosiyana, tsatirani malangizo osankha zinthu zoyambira zomwe zikugwirizana ndi zinthu zambiri zosakaniza. Mwachitsanzo, mukalumikiza chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 304 ndi 316, sankhani zinthu zoyambira za 316. Komabe, palinso zochitika zambiri zapadera pomwe mfundo ya "kufananiza chitsulo choyambira" siitsatiridwa. Pankhaniyi, ndibwino "kuyang'ana tchati chosankha zinthu zoyambira.". Mwachitsanzo, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 304 ndiye chinthu chofala kwambiri, koma palibe ndodo yolumikizira ya 304.
Ngati zinthu zowotcherera ziyenera kufanana ndi chitsulo choyambira, mungasankhe bwanji zinthu zowotcherera kuti zigwirizane ndi waya wachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri wa 304 ndi ma electrode?
Mukalumikiza chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 304, gwiritsani ntchito zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito zolumikizira za mtundu wa 308 chifukwa zinthu zina zomwe zili mu chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 308 zimatha kukhazikika bwino pamalo olumikizira. 308L ndi chisankho chovomerezeka. L imasonyeza mpweya wochepa, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 3XXL chimasonyeza mpweya wochepa wa 0.03%, pomwe chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 3XX chingakhale ndi mpweya wokwanira wa 0.08%. Popeza zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito zolumikizira za mtundu wa L zili m'gulu lomwelo la zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito zolumikizira za mtundu wa L, opanga ayenera kuganizira zogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zolumikizira za mtundu wa L padera chifukwa mpweya wochepa wa kaboni ukhoza kuchepetsa dzimbiri pakati pa granular. Ndipotu, wolembayo akukhulupirira kuti ngati opanga akufuna kukweza zinthu zawo, zinthu zachikasu zooneka ngati L zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Opanga omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira zolumikizira za GMAW akuganiziranso kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha mtundu wa 3XXSi chifukwa SI ikhoza kukonza zinthu zonyowa ndi kutayikira kwa madzi. Ngati chidutswa cha malasha chili ndi nsonga yapamwamba kapena kulumikizana kwa dziwe lolumikizirana sikuli bwino pa chala cha weld cha ngodya yochepekera kapena lap weld, kugwiritsa ntchito waya wolumikizirana wotetezedwa ndi mpweya wokhala ndi S kungathe kunyowetsa msoko wa malasha ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa malo oyikamo.
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-26-2023