Mhando ina dzeSimbi Isina Simba uye Basa reAlloying Elements:
Simbi isina ngura inogona kuiswa mumhando ina huru: austenitic, martensitic, ferritic, uye duplex stainless steel (Tafura 1). Kupatsanurwa uku kwakavakirwa pachimiro chesimbi isina ngura patembiricha yemumba. Kana simbi ine kabhoni shoma ikapiswa kusvika 1550°C, chimiro chayo che microstructure chinoshanduka kubva pa ferrite yemumba kuenda ku austenite. Painotonhorera, chimiro che microstructure chinodzokera ku ferrite. Austenite, iripo patembiricha yakakwira, haina magineti uye kazhinji ine simba shoma asi ductility iri nani kana ichienzaniswa ne ferrite yemumba.
Kana huwandu hwechromium (Cr) musimbi huchidarika 16%, chimiro chemukati chekupisa kwemukamuri chinogara chakasimba muchikamu cheferrite, zvichichengetedza ferrite pamhando dzese dzekupisa. Rudzi urwu runonzi ferritic stainless steel. Kana huwandu hwechromium (Cr) huri pamusoro pe17% uye huwandu hwenickel (Ni) huri pamusoro pe7%, chikamu cheaustenite chinova chakasimba, chichichengetedza austenite kubva pakupisa kwakaderera kusvika pakunyunguduka.
Simbi isina ngura yeAustenitic inowanzonzi mhando ye "Cr-N", nepo simbi dzisina ngura dzemartensitic neferritic dzichinzi zvakananga mhando ye "Cr". Zvinhu zviri musimbi isina ngura nesimbi dzinozadza zvinogona kuiswa muzvikamu zve austenite-forming elements uye ferrite-forming elements. Zvinhu zvikuru zvinoumba austenite zvinosanganisira Ni, C, Mn, uye N, nepo zvinhu zvikuru zvinoumba ferrite zvinosanganisira Cr, Si, Mo, uye Nb. Kugadzirisa zviri mukati mezvinhu izvi kunogona kudzora huwandu hweferrite mujoini re weld.
Simbi isina ngura yeAustenitic, kunyanya kana iine nitrogen (N) iri pasi pe5%, iri nyore kusanganisa uye inopa kunaka kwekusanganisa simbi kana tichienzanisa nesimbi dzisina ngura dzine huwandu hwakaderera hweN. Majoini eAustenitic stainless steel weld anoratidza simba rakanaka uye ductility, kazhinji anobvisa kudiwa kwekugadzirisa kupisa usati wasanganisa simbi uye mushure mekusanganisa simbi. Mubasa rekusanganisa simbi dzisina ngura, simbi isina ngura yeAustenitic inoita 80% yekushandiswa kwesimbi dzisina ngura, zvichiita kuti ive iyo inonyanya kukoshesa chinyorwa chino.
Maitiro ekusarudza chaiyokusona simbi isina ngurazvinodyiwa, waya nemaerekitirodhi?
Kana zvinhu zveparent zvakafanana, mutemo wekutanga ndewekuti "enzanisa zvinhu zveparent." Semuenzaniso, kana marasha akabatana nesimbi isingatsvedzeri 310 kana 316, sarudza zvinhu zvemarasha zvinoenderana nazvo. Pakusanganisa zvinhu zvakasiyana, tevera gwara rekusarudza zvinhu zveparent zvinoenderana nechinhu chakawanda chinobatanidza. Semuenzaniso, pakubatanidza simbi isingatsvedzeri 304 ne316, sarudza zvinhu zvinodyirwa zvemhando ye316. Zvisinei, kunewo zviitiko zvakawanda zvakakosha apo musimboti wekuti "enzanisa simbi yeparent" hautevedzwi. Muchiitiko ichi, zvinokurudzirwa kuti "tarisa chati yekusarudza zvinhu zvinodyirwa zvewelding.". Semuenzaniso, simbi isingatsvedzeri yemhando ye304 ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa, asi hapana tsvimbo yewelding yemhando ye304.
Kana zvinhu zvekunamira zvichifanira kuenderana nesimbi yekutanga, ungasarudza sei zvinhu zvekunamira zvekunamira waya yesimbi isingasvibi 304 uye electrode?
Pakusanganisa simbi isingatsvigiri 304, shandisai zvinhu zvinodyirwa zvemhando ye308 nekuti zvinhu zvakawedzerwa musimbi isingatsvigiri 308 zvinogona kudzikamisa nzvimbo yekusvigira zviri nani. Iyo 308L isarudzo inogamuchirwawo. L inoratidza huwandu hwakaderera hwekabhoni, 3XXL simbi isingatsvigiri 3XX inoratidza huwandu hwekabhoni hwe0.03%, nepo simbi isingatsvigiri 3XX inogona kuva nehuwandu hunosvika 0.08% hwekabhoni. Sezvo zvinhu zvinodyirwa zvemhando yeL-type zviri zverudzi rumwe chete rwezvinhu zvinodyirwa zvemhando yeL-type, vagadziri vanofanirwa kufunga nezvekushandisa zvinhu zvinodyirwa zvemhando yeL-type zvakasiyana nekuti huwandu hwayo hwakaderera hwekabhoni hunogona kuderedza ngura pakati pegranular. Kutaura zvazviri, munyori anotenda kuti kana vagadziri vachida kusimudzira zvigadzirwa zvavo, zvinhu zveyero zvakaita seL zvichashandiswa zvakanyanya. Vagadziri vanoshandisa nzira dzeGMAW welding vari kufungawo nezvekushandisa simbi isingatsvigiri 3XXSi nekuti SI inogona kuvandudza kunyorova nekubuda kwemvura. Kana chidimbu chemarasha chine peak yakakwirira kana kubatana kwedziva rekuwelda kusina kunaka pachigunwe chekuwelda chekona chinononoka kana lap weld, kushandisa waya yekuwelda ine gasi ine S kunogona kunyorovesa musono wemarasha uye kuvandudza mwero wekuisa.
Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-26-2023