Izinhlobo Ezine Zensimbi Engagqwali kanye Nendima Yezinto Zokwenza I-Alloying:
Insimbi engagqwali ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko: i-austenitic, i-martensitic, i-ferritic, kanye nensimbi engagqwali ephindwe kabili (Ithebula 1). Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kusekelwe esakhiweni esincane sensimbi engagqwali ekushiseni kwegumbi. Lapho insimbi enekhabhoni ephansi ishiswa ku-1550°C, isakhiwo sayo esincane siyashintsha kusuka ku-ferrite yokushisa kwegumbi kuya ku-austenite. Lapho ipholile, isakhiwo esincane sibuyela ku-ferrite. I-Austenite, ekhona emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ayinamandla kagesi futhi ngokuvamile inamandla aphansi kodwa inamandla okuguquguquka kangcono uma iqhathaniswa ne-ferrite yokushisa kwegumbi.
Uma okuqukethwe yi-chromium (Cr) ensimbini kudlula u-16%, isakhiwo esincane sokushisa kwegumbi siyaqina esigabeni se-ferrite, sigcina i-ferrite kuzo zonke izigaba zokushisa. Lolu hlobo lubizwa ngokuthi insimbi engagqwali ye-ferritic. Uma kokubili okuqukethwe yi-chromium (Cr) kungaphezu kuka-17% kanti okuqukethwe yi-nickel (Ni) kungaphezu kuka-7%, isigaba se-austenite siba sizinzile, sigcina i-austenite kusukela emazingeni okushisa aphansi kuze kube sezingeni lokuncibilika.
Insimbi engagqwali yase-Austenitic ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi uhlobo lwe-“Cr-N”, kuyilapho izinsimbi ezingagqwali zase-martensitic nase-ferritic zibizwa ngokuqondile ngokuthi uhlobo lwe-“Cr”. Izinto ezisensimbi engagqwali nasezinsimbini zokugcwalisa zingahlukaniswa zibe yizinto ezakha i-austenite kanye nezinto ezakha i-ferrite. Izinto eziyinhloko ezakha i-austenite zifaka i-Ni, C, Mn, kanye ne-N, kanti izinto eziyinhloko ezakha i-ferrite zifaka i-Cr, i-Si, i-Mo, kanye ne-Nb. Ukulungisa okuqukethwe kwalezi zinto kungalawula isilinganiso se-ferrite esihlanganyelweni se-weld.
Insimbi engagqwali yase-Austenitic, ikakhulukazi uma iqukethe i-nitrogen (N) engaphansi kuka-5%, kulula ukuyishibiliza futhi inikeza ikhwalithi engcono yokushibiliza uma kuqhathaniswa nezinsimbi ezingagqwali ezinokuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-N. Amajoyinti okushibiliza ensimbi engagqwali yase-Austenitic abonisa amandla amahle kanye nokuguquguquka, ngokuvamile aqeda isidingo sokwelashwa kokushisa kwangaphambi kokushibiliza kanye nangemuva kokushibiliza. Emkhakheni wokushibiliza insimbi engagqwali, insimbi engagqwali yase-Austenitic ithatha u-80% wakho konke ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi engagqwali, okwenza kube yinto eyinhloko kulesi sihloko.
Indlela yokukhetha okulungileukushisela insimbi engagqwaliizinto ezisetshenziswayo, izintambo kanye nama-electrode?
Uma izinto eziyinhloko zifana, umthetho wokuqala "ukufanisa izinto eziyinhloko." Isibonelo, uma amalahle exhunywe ensimbini engagqwali engu-310 noma engu-316, khetha izinto ezihambisanayo zamalahle. Lapho uhlanganisa izinto ezingafani, landela isiqondiso sokukhetha izinto eziyisisekelo ezihambisana nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-alloying element. Isibonelo, lapho uhlanganisa insimbi engagqwali engu-304 kanye ne-316, khetha izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokushisela zohlobo lwe-316. Kodwa-ke, kunezimo eziningi ezikhethekile lapho isimiso "sokufanisa insimbi eyisisekelo" singalandelwa. Kulesi simo, kuyalulekwa ukuthi "ubheke ishadi lokukhetha izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokushisela.". Isibonelo, insimbi engagqwali yohlobo lwe-304 iyona esetshenziswa kakhulu, kodwa ayikho induku yokushisela yohlobo lwe-304.
Uma izinto zokushisela zidinga ukufana nensimbi eyisisekelo, ungayikhetha kanjani izinto zokushisela ukuze ushisele ucingo lwensimbi engagqwali engu-304 kanye ne-electrode?
Uma ushisela insimbi engagqwali engu-304, sebenzisa izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokushisela zohlobo lwe-308 ngoba izakhi ezengeziwe ensimbi engagqwali engu-308 zingazinzisa kangcono indawo yokushisela. I-308L nayo iyisinqumo esamukelekayo. I-L ikhombisa okuqukethwe okuphansi kwekhabhoni, insimbi engagqwali engu-3XXL ikhombisa okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni okungu-0.03%, kuyilapho insimbi engagqwali ejwayelekile engu-3XX ingaqukatha okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni okufika ku-0.08%. Njengoba izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokushisela zohlobo lwe-L zingezohlobo olufanayo lokuhlukaniswa nezinto ezisetshenziswayo zokushisela zohlobo lwe-L, abakhiqizi kufanele bacabangele ukusebenzisa izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokushisela zohlobo lwe-L ngokwehlukana ngoba okuqukethwe kwazo okuphansi kwekhabhoni kunganciphisa ukuthambekela kokugqwala kwe-intergranular. Eqinisweni, umbhali ukholelwa ukuthi uma abakhiqizi befuna ukuthuthukisa imikhiqizo yabo, izinto eziphuzi ezimise okwe-L zizosetshenziswa kabanzi. Abakhiqizi abasebenzisa izindlela zokushisela ze-GMAW nabo bacabanga ukusebenzisa insimbi engagqwali yohlobo lwe-3XXSi ngoba i-SI ingathuthukisa izingxenye zokumanzisa nokuvuza. Uma ingxenye yamalahle inokuphakama okuphezulu noma uxhumano lwechibi lokushisela lungaluhle ozwaneni lokushisela lwe-angle slow seam noma i-lap weld, ukusetshenziswa kwentambo yokushisela evikelwe ngegesi equkethe i-S kungamanzisa umthungo wamalahle futhi kuthuthukise izinga lokufakwa.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-26-2023