Izinhlobo Ezine Zensimbi Engagqwali kanye Neqhaza Lezinto Ezihlanganisiwe:
Insimbi engagqwali ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko: i-austenitic, i-martensitic, i-ferritic, ne-duplex insimbi engagqwali (Ithebula 1).Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kusekelwe ku-microstructure yensimbi engagqwali ekamelweni lokushisa.Uma insimbi enekhabhoni ephansi ishisiswe ibe ngu-1550°C, i-microstructure yayo iyashintsha ukusuka ku-ferrite yezinga lokushisa legumbi ukuya ku-austenite.Lapho upholisa, i-microstructure ibuyela ku-ferrite.I-Austenite, ekhona emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ayiwona uzibuthe futhi ngokuvamile inamandla aphansi kodwa i-ductility engcono uma iqhathaniswa ne-ferrite yezinga lokushisa legumbi.
Uma okuqukethwe kwe-chromium (Cr) kunsimbi kudlula u-16%, i-microstructure yezinga lokushisa iyasimama esigabeni se-ferrite, igcine i-ferrite kuwo wonke amabanga okushisa.Lolu hlobo lubizwa ngokuthi i-ferritic stainless steel.Uma kokubili okuqukethwe kwe-chromium (Cr) kungaphezu kuka-17% nokuqukethwe kwe-nickel (Ni) kungaphezu kuka-7%, isigaba se-austenite siba sizinzile, sigcine i-austenite kusukela kumazinga okushisa aphansi kuze kufike endaweni yokuncibilika.
Insimbi engagqwali ye-Austenitic ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi uhlobo lwe-“Cr-N”, kuyilapho izinsimbi ezingenasici ze-martensitic ne-ferritic zibizwa ngokuqondile ngokuthi uhlobo lwe-“Cr”.Izinto zensimbi engagqwali nezinsimbi zokugcwalisa zingahlukaniswa zibe izakhi ze-austenite-forming kanye nezinto zokwakha i-ferrite.Izinto eziyinhloko zokwakha i-austenite zifaka i-Ni, C, Mn, kanye no-N, kuyilapho izinto eziyinhloko zokwakha i-ferrite zifaka i-Cr, Si, Mo, ne-Nb.Ukulungisa okuqukethwe kwalezi zakhi kungalawula ingxenye ye-ferrite ekuhlanganyeleni okushisela.
Insimbi engagqwali ye-Austenitic, ikakhulukazi uma iqukethe ngaphansi kuka-5% i-nitrogen (N), kulula ukuyishisela futhi inikeza ikhwalithi engcono yokushisela uma iqhathaniswa nezinsimbi ezingenasici ezinokuqukethwe kwe-N okuphansi.Amajoyinti okushisela ensimbi engagqwali ye-Austenitic abonisa amandla amahle kanye ne-ductility, ngokuvamile asusa isidingo sokwelashwa kwangaphambili kokushisela kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa kwangemva kokushisela.Emkhakheni wokushisela insimbi engagqwali, insimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic yenza u-80% wakho konke ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi engagqwali, okuyenza ibe ukugxila okuyinhloko kwalesi sihloko.
Indlela yokukhetha okulungileinsimbi engagqwali weldingizinto ezisetshenziswayo, izintambo nama-electrode?
Uma izinto zomzali zifana, umthetho wokuqala “ukufanisa izinto zomzali.”Isibonelo, uma amalahle exhunywe ku-310 noma ku-316 insimbi engagqwali, khetha into yamalahle ehambisanayo.Uma ushisela izinto ezingafani, landela umhlahlandlela wokukhetha into eyisisekelo efana nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-alloying.Isibonelo, uma welding 304 kanye 316 insimbi engagqwali, khetha 316 uhlobo welding consumables.Kodwa-ke, kunezimo eziningi ezikhethekile lapho isimiso "sokufanisa isisekelo sensimbi" singalandelwa.Kulesi simo, kuyatuseka ukuthi “ubhekisele eshadini lokukhetha elisebenzisekayo lokushisela.”.Isibonelo, thayipha i-304 insimbi engagqwali iyinto eyisisekelo evame kakhulu, kodwa ayikho induku yokushisela yohlobo lwe-304.
Uma impahla yokushisela idinga ukufanisa isisekelo sensimbi, ungayikhetha kanjani impahla yokushisela ukushisela i-304 yensimbi engagqwali kanye ne-electrode?
Uma ushisela insimbi engagqwali engu-304, sebenzisa izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokushisela zohlobo 308 ngoba izakhi ezengeziwe ku-308 insimbi engagqwali zingazinzisa kangcono indawo yokushisela.I-308L nayo iyisinqumo esamukelekile.L ikhombisa okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ephansi, insimbi engagqwali engu-3XXL ikhombisa okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni okungu-0.03%, kuyilapho insimbi engagqwali engu-3XX ejwayelekile ingaba nokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni okungafika ku-0.08%.Njengoba izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokushisela zohlobo lwe-L zingezohlobo olufanayo lokuhlukaniswa njengezinto ezisetshenziswayo zokushisela ezingezona ezohlobo lwe-L, abakhiqizi kufanele bacabangele ukusebenzisa izinto zokushisela zohlobo lwe-L ngokuhlukana ngoba okuqukethwe kwayo kwekhabhoni ephansi kunganciphisa ukugqwala kwe-intergranular.Eqinisweni, umbhali ukholelwa ukuthi uma abakhiqizi befuna ukuthuthukisa imikhiqizo yabo, izinto eziphuzi ezimise okwe-L zizosetshenziswa kabanzi.Abakhiqizi abasebenzisa izindlela zokushisela ze-GMAW bacabanga nokusebenzisa insimbi engagqwali engu-3XXSi ngoba i-SI ingathuthukisa ukumanzisa nokuvuza izingxenye.Esimeni lapho ucezu lwamalahle lunokuphakama okuphezulu noma uxhumo lwechibi lokushisela lubuthaka kuzwane lokushisela lwe-engeli slow seam noma i-lap weld, ukusetshenziswa kwentambo yokushisela evikelwe igesi equkethe u-S kungamanzisa umthungo wamalahle futhi kuthuthukise izinga lokubeka. .
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-26-2023