Iintlobo ezine zeNtsimbi engagqwaliyo kunye nendima yezinto ezixutywayo:
Intsimbi engagqwaliyo inokwahlulwahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezine eziphambili: i-austenitic, i-martensitic, i-ferritic, kunye nentsimbi engagqwaliyo ephindwe kabini (Itheyibhile 1). Olu hlu lusekelwe kwisakhiwo sentsimbi engagqwaliyo kubushushu begumbi. Xa intsimbi enekhabhoni ephantsi itshiswa ukuya kwi-1550°C, isakhiwo sayo se-microstructure siyatshintsha ukusuka kwi-ferrite yobushushu begumbi ukuya kwi-austenite. Xa ipholile, isakhiwo se-microstructure sibuyela kwi-ferrite. I-Austenite, ekhoyo kubushushu obuphezulu, ayinamandla kwaye ngokubanzi inamandla aphantsi kodwa i-ductility engcono xa ithelekiswa ne-ferrite yobushushu begumbi.
Xa umxholo we-chromium (Cr) kwintsimbi udlula i-16%, isakhiwo se-micro-temperature microstructure sihlala sizinzile kwisigaba se-ferrite, sigcina i-ferrite kuzo zonke iinqanaba zobushushu. Olu hlobo lubizwa ngokuba yi-ferritic stainless steel. Xa umxholo we-chromium (Cr) ungaphezulu kwe-17% kwaye umxholo we-nickel (Ni) ungaphezulu kwe-7%, isigaba se-austenite siba sizinzile, sigcina i-austenite ukusuka kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi ukuya kwinqanaba lokunyibilika.
Intsimbi engagqwaliyo yase-Austenitic idla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-"Cr-N", ngelixa iintsimbi ezingagqwaliyo ze-martensitic kunye ne-ferritic zibizwa ngokuthe ngqo ngokuba yi-"Cr". Izinto ezikwintsimbi engagqwaliyo kunye neentsimbi zokuzalisa zinokuhlulwahlulwa zibe zizinto ezenza i-austenite kunye nezinto ezenza i-ferrite. Izinto eziphambili ezenza i-austenite ziquka i-Ni, i-C, i-Mn, kunye ne-N, ngelixa izinto eziphambili ezenza i-ferrite ziquka i-Cr, i-Si, i-Mo, kunye ne-Nb. Ukulungisa umxholo wezi zinto kunokulawula umlinganiselo we-ferrite kwi-weld joint.
Intsimbi engagqwaliyo yase-Austenitic, ingakumbi xa ine-nitrogen engaphantsi kwe-5% (N), kulula ukuyidibanisa kwaye inika umgangatho ongcono wokudityaniswa xa kuthelekiswa neentsimbi ezingagqwaliyo ezinomthamo we-N ophantsi. Amalungu okudityaniswa kwentsimbi engagqwaliyo yase-Austenitic abonisa amandla amahle kunye nokuguquguquka, adla ngokuphelisa isidingo sonyango lobushushu ngaphambi kokudityaniswa kunye nonyango emva kokudityaniswa. Kwicandelo lokudityaniswa kwentsimbi engagqwaliyo, intsimbi engagqwali yase-Austenitic ibandakanya i-80% yazo zonke iindlela zokusetyenziswa kwentsimbi engagqwaliyo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yeyona nto iphambili kweli nqaku.
Indlela yokukhetha echanekileyoukuwelda ngentsimbi engagqwaliyoizinto ezisetyenziswayo, iingcingo kunye nee-electrode?
Ukuba izinto ezisetyenziswayo ziyafana, umthetho wokuqala kukuthetha “ngokufanisa izinto ezisetyenziswayo.” Umzekelo, ukuba amalahle aqhagamshelwe kwintsimbi engatyiwayo engama-310 okanye engama-316, khetha izinto ezisetyenziswayo zamalahle. Xa udibanisa izinto ezisetyenziswayo ezahlukeneyo, landela isikhokelo sokukhetha izinto ezisetyenziswayo ezisisiseko ezifana nomxholo we-alloying ephezulu. Umzekelo, xa udibanisa intsimbi engatyiwayo engama-304 kunye ne-316, khetha izinto ezisetyenziswayo zokudityaniswa koku ...
Ukuba izinto zokuwelda kufuneka zihambelane nesiseko sesinyithi, ungazikhetha njani izinto zokuwelda zokuwelda ucingo lwentsimbi engagqwaliyo engama-304 kunye ne-electrode?
Xa udibanisa intsimbi engagqwaliyo engu-304, sebenzisa izinto ezisetyenziswayo zokudityaniswa kwentsimbi yohlobo lwe-308 kuba izinto ezongezelelweyo kwintsimbi engagqwaliyo engu-308 zinokuzinzisa ngcono indawo yokudityaniswa kwentsimbi. I-308L nayo iyindlela eyamkelekileyo. I-L ibonisa umxholo wekhabhoni ephantsi, intsimbi engagqwaliyo engu-3XXL ibonisa umxholo wekhabhoni ongu-0.03%, ngelixa intsimbi engagqwaliyo engu-3XX eqhelekileyo inokuqulatha umxholo wekhabhoni ofikelela kwi-0.08%. Ekubeni izinto ezisetyenziswayo zokudityaniswa kwentsimbi yohlobo lwe-L zikwindlela efanayo yohlu lwezinto ezisetyenziswayo zokudityaniswa kwentsimbi yohlobo lwe-L, abavelisi kufuneka bacinge ngokusebenzisa izinto ezisetyenziswayo zokudityaniswa kwentsimbi yohlobo lwe-L ngokwahlukeneyo kuba umxholo wayo wekhabhoni ephantsi unokunciphisa ukugqwala kwe-intergranular. Enyanisweni, umbhali ukholelwa ukuba ukuba abavelisi bafuna ukuphucula iimveliso zabo, izinto ezimthubi ezimile okwe-L ziya kusetyenziswa kakhulu. Abavelisi abasebenzisa iindlela zokudityaniswa kwentsimbi ye-GMAW bakwacinga ngokusebenzisa intsimbi engagqwali yohlobo lwe-3XXSi kuba i-SI inokuphucula iindawo zokumanzisa nokuvuza. Kwimeko apho isiqwenga samalahle sinomlinganiselo ophezulu okanye uqhagamshelo lwedama lokuwelda lungasebenzi kakuhle kwinzwane ye-weld ye-angle slow seam okanye i-lap weld, ukusetyenziswa kwentambo yokuwelda ekhuselweyo ngegesi equlethe i-S kunokumanzisa umthungo wamalahle kwaye kuphucule izinga lokufakwa kwawo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Septemba-26-2023