Menene Asalin Rarraba Ƙirƙira?

Ƙirƙira wani muhimmin tsari ne na ƙirƙirar ƙarfe wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ƙera abubuwa masu ƙarfi da dorewa a fannoni daban-daban. Tun daga shaft na motoci da maƙallan sararin samaniya zuwa maƙallan gini da kayan aikin filin mai, an san sassan da aka ƙera saboda kyawawan halayen injiniya da amincin tsarin su.

Fahimtarrarrabuwa ta asali ta ƙirƙiraYana taimaka wa injiniyoyi, masu zane-zane, da ƙwararrun masu siye su zaɓi hanyar ƙirƙira mafi dacewa bisa ga aikace-aikacen, sarkakiyar sashi, yawan samarwa, da nau'in kayan aiki. Wannan labarin yana bincika manyan nau'ikan ƙirƙira da halayensu don taimaka muku yanke shawara mai kyau.

sakystel

Menene Ƙirƙira?

Ƙirƙiratsari ne na ƙera ƙarfe wanda ya ƙunshi siffanta ƙarfe ta amfani da ƙarfin matsewa na gida. Ana iya yin hakan ta hanyar ƙera ƙarfe, matsewa, ko birgima—yawanci tare da ƙarfen a cikin yanayin zafi (amma mai ƙarfi). Ƙirƙira yana inganta tsarin hatsi na ciki, yana ƙara ƙarfi, kuma yana kawar da lahani kamar porosity ko inclusions.

Ƙirƙirar ya samo asali zuwa dabaru daban-daban dangane da abubuwan da suka shafi zafin jiki, kayan aikin da aka yi amfani da su, da kuma tsarin ma'aunin zafi.

Rarraba Asali na Ƙirƙira

Ana iya rarraba hanyoyin ƙirƙira gabaɗaya bisa gamanyan sharuɗɗa guda biyu:

1. Zafin Zafi

2. Tsarin Die da Kayan Aiki

Bari mu duba kowanne rarrabuwa dalla-dalla.

Rarrabawa ta hanyar Zafin Zafi

Wannan ita ce hanya mafi yawan gama gari don rarraba hanyoyin ƙirƙira. Dangane da zafin da ake yin ƙirƙira, an raba ta zuwa:

1. Ƙirƙirar Zafi

Ma'anar: Ana yin sa a yanayin zafi mai yawa, yawanci sama da zafin sake kunna ƙarfe (kusan 1100–1250°C ga ƙarfe).

Fa'idodi:

• Babban ductility da ƙarancin juriya ga nakasawa

• Yana ba da damar siffofi masu rikitarwa

• Yana tsaftace tsarin hatsi

• Yana kawar da porosity da lahani

Rashin amfani:

• Tsarin sikelin saboda oxidation

• Daidaiton girma bai kai na ƙera sanyi ba

• Yana buƙatar ƙarin makamashi don dumama

Aikace-aikace:

• Sassan motoci (crankshafts, gears)

• Kayan aikin injina masu nauyi

• Shafts da flanges na masana'antu

2. Ƙirƙirar ɗumi

Ma'anar: An yi shi a matsakaicin yanayin zafi (tsakanin 500°C da 900°C), tare da haɗa wasu fa'idodin ƙirƙirar abubuwa masu zafi da sanyi.

Fa'idodi:

• Rage nauyin samar da kayayyaki

• Ingantaccen iko na girma

• Ƙarancin iskar shaka idan aka kwatanta da ƙera zafi

• Inganta saman da kyau

Rashin amfani:

• Iyakance ga takamaiman kayan aiki

• Ƙarin buƙatun kayan aiki masu rikitarwa

Aikace-aikace:

• Sassan watsawa

• Tseren masu ɗaukar kaya

• Gilashin da babu komai a ciki

3. Ƙirƙirar Sanyi

Ma'anar: An yi shi a zafin ɗaki ko kusa da shi ba tare da dumama kayan ba.

Fa'idodi:

• Kyakkyawan ƙarewar farfajiya

• Juriyar girma ta kusa

• Ƙarfafa aiki yana inganta ƙarfi

• Babu oxidation ko scaling

Rashin amfani:

• Ana buƙatar ƙarfin samar da ƙarfi mai yawa

• Iyakance ga siffofi masu sauƙi da kayan laushi

• Haɗarin damuwa da ya rage

Aikace-aikace:

• Maƙallan (ƙusoshi, sukurori, rivets)

• Shafuka

• Ƙananan sassan daidaici

Rarrabawa ta Tsarin Die

Ana iya rarraba nau'in kayan aiki da kayan aikin da ake amfani da su a cikin wannan tsari ta hanyar amfani da waɗannan ƙa'idodi:

1. Buɗaɗɗen Die Forging (Ƙirƙira Kyauta)

Ma'anar: Ana sanya ƙarfe tsakanin mayafin da ba su rufe kayan gaba ɗaya ba ko kuma waɗanda ba su rufe kayan gaba ɗaya ba.

Tsarin aiki:

• An nakasa aikin a matakai da yawa

• Mai aiki yana sarrafa alkiblar nakasawa

• Ya dace da samarwa na musamman ko ƙarancin girma

Fa'idodi:

• Ya dace da manyan siffofi masu sauƙi da girma

• Ƙananan farashin mutuwa

• Kyakkyawan iko akan kwararar hatsi

Rashin amfani:

• Daidaiton girma kaɗan

• Ana buƙatar ƙarin ƙwararrun ma'aikata

• Ana iya buƙatar ƙarin injina

Aikace-aikace:

• Manyan sanduna, faifan diski, zobba

• Abubuwan masana'antu masu nauyi

• Sassan samar da wutar lantarki da na ruwa

2. Rufe Die Forging (Impression Die Forging)

Ma'anar: An sanya ƙarfen a cikin ramin da aka yi amfani da shi wanda yayi kama da siffar da ake so ta ɓangaren.

Tsarin aiki:

• Ƙarfin matsin lamba mai ƙarfi yana tilasta ƙarfen ya shiga cikin mutun

• Sau da yawa walƙiya tana samuwa sannan a gyara ta

• Ya dace da samar da kayayyaki masu yawa

Fa'idodi:

• Daidaitattun abubuwan da suka dace da siffar da aka yi da siffa mai kama da ta yanar gizo

• Babban maimaitawa da inganci

• Ingantaccen halayen injiniya saboda daidaita hatsi

Rashin amfani:

• Karin farashin kayan aiki

• An iyakance ga ƙananan sassa da matsakaici

• Yana buƙatar kayan aiki masu inganci

Aikace-aikace:

• Giya

• Sandunan haɗawa

• Abubuwan da ke cikin motoci da sararin samaniya

3. Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙira Mai Tsanani

Ma'anar: Ya ƙunshi ƙara diamita na wani ɓangare na sandar ƙarfe ta hanyar matse tsawonsa.

Tsarin aiki:

• Yawanci ana yin sa ne a cikin injunan ƙirƙira na kwance

• Ana amfani da shi don ƙirƙirar kanun a kan kusoshi, rivets, da fasteners

Fa'idodi:

• Ingantaccen samar da kayan haɗin kai

• Kyakkyawan ƙarfin injina

• Babban saurin samarwa

Aikace-aikace:

• Ƙullun

• Sukurori

• Shafts da bawul ɗin tushe

4. Mirgina Zobe Mara Sumul

Ma'anar: Wani nau'in ƙira na musamman inda ake yin zobe daga wani tsari da aka huda sannan a faɗaɗa shi ta hanyar birgima.

Fa'idodi:

• Kyakkyawan yanayin hatsi

• Kauri na bango daidai

• Mai rahusa ga manyan zobba masu diamita

Aikace-aikace:

• Bearings

• Ƙunƙwasa

• Kayan aikin gear da matsi na jirgin ruwa

Ƙarin Rarrabuwa

A cikin ƙirƙirar zamani, ana rarraba hanyoyin ta hanyar:

a. Nau'in Inji

• Ƙirƙirar guduma

• Na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa latsa ƙirƙira

• Ƙirƙirar maɓallan dunƙule

• Injin press ƙera

b. Matakin Aiki da Kai

• Ƙirƙirar hannu

• Ƙirƙirar Semi-atomatik

• Ƙirƙira gaba ɗaya ta atomatik

c. Nau'in Kayan Aiki

• ƙarfe (ƙarfe mai carbon, bakin ƙarfe)

• Ba ƙarfe ba (aluminum, jan ƙarfe, titanium, nickel gami)

Ƙirƙira vs Sauran Hanyoyin Samar da Ƙarfe