Menene Asalin Rabe-raben Jarumi?

Ƙirƙira wani muhimmin tsari ne na ƙirƙira ƙarfe wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kera abubuwa masu ƙarfi da dorewa a cikin masana'antu daban-daban. Daga ƙwanƙolin mota da madaidaicin sararin samaniya zuwa na'urorin gini da kayan aikin filin mai, sassa na jabu an san su da kyawawan kaddarorin inji da amincin tsarin su.

Fahimtar daasali rarrabuwa na ƙirƙirayana taimaka wa injiniyoyi, masu ƙira, da ƙwararrun sayayya don zaɓar mafi dacewa hanyar ƙirƙira bisa ga aikace-aikace, rikitaccen sashi, ƙarar samarwa, da nau'in kayan. Wannan labarin yana bincika manyan nau'ikan ƙirƙira da halayensu don taimaka muku yanke shawara na gaskiya.

sakysteel

Menene Ƙarfafawa?

Ƙirƙiratsari ne na masana'antu wanda ya ƙunshi siffata ƙarfe ta amfani da rundunonin matsi. Ana iya yin wannan ta hanyar guduma, latsawa, ko mirgina-yawanci tare da ƙarfe a yanayin zafi (amma mai ƙarfi). Ƙirƙira yana inganta tsarin hatsi na ciki, yana haɓaka ƙarfi, kuma yana kawar da lahani kamar porosity ko haɗawa.

Ƙirƙirar ƙirƙira ta samo asali zuwa dabaru daban-daban dangane da abubuwa kamar zazzabi, kayan aikin da aka yi amfani da su, da daidaitawar mutuwa.

Asalin Rabe-raben Jarumi

Ana iya rarraba hanyoyin ƙirƙira a faɗo bisa gamanyan sharudda biyu:

1. Samar da Zazzabi

2. Die Kanfigareshan da Kayan aiki

Bari mu dubi kowane rarrabuwa daki-daki.

Rarraba ta Samar da Zazzabi

Wannan ita ce hanyar da aka fi sani don rarraba hanyoyin ƙirƙira. Dangane da yanayin zafin da ake yin ƙirƙira, an raba shi zuwa:

1. Zafafan ƙirƙira

Ma'anarsa: An yi a babban yanayin zafi, yawanci sama da zafin jiki na recrystallization na karfe (kusan 1100-1250 ° C don karfe).

Amfani:

• Babban ductility da ƙananan juriya ga nakasawa

• Yana kunna hadaddun siffofi

• Yana gyara tsarin hatsi

• Yana kawar da porosity da lahani

Rashin amfani:

• Samuwar sikelin saboda iskar shaka

• Matsakaicin daidaito bai kai ƙirƙira sanyi ba

• Yana buƙatar ƙarin makamashi don dumama

Aikace-aikace:

• Sassan motoci (crankshafts, gears)

• Abubuwan injina masu nauyi

• Shafts na masana'antu da flanges

2. Ƙirƙirar Ƙarfafawa

Ma'anarsa: Ana yin shi a matsakaicin yanayin zafi (tsakanin 500 ° C da 900 ° C), haɗa wasu fa'idodin ƙirƙira mai zafi da sanyi.

Amfani:

• Rage nauyin ƙirƙira

• Ingantaccen iko mai girma

• Ƙananan iskar shaka idan aka kwatanta da ƙirƙira mai zafi

• Mafi kyawun ƙarewa

Rashin amfani:

• Iyakance ga takamaiman kayan aiki

• Abubuwan buƙatun kayan aiki masu rikitarwa

Aikace-aikace:

• Abubuwan watsawa

• Ƙarfafa tsere

• Gear babu komai

3. Ƙirƙirar sanyi

Ma'anarsa: An yi a ko kusa da zafin jiki ba tare da dumama kayan ba.

Amfani:

• Madalla da gamawa

• Kusa da juriyar juzu'i

• Ƙarfafa aiki yana inganta ƙarfi

• Babu oxidation ko scaling

Rashin amfani:

• Ana buƙatar manyan runduna masu ƙima

• Ƙayyadaddun siffofi masu sauƙi da kayan laushi

• Hadarin saura damuwa

Aikace-aikace:

• Fasteners (kusoshi, sukurori, rivets)

• Shafts

• Ƙananan daidaitattun abubuwan haɗin gwiwa

Rarraba ta Die Kanfigareshan

Hakanan za'a iya rarraba ƙirƙira bisa ga nau'in mutuwa da kayan aikin da aka yi amfani da su wajen aiwatarwa:

1. Buɗe Die Forging (Free Forging Kyauta)

Ma'anarsa: Ana sanya ƙarfe tsakanin lebur ko sauƙi mai sauƙi wanda ba ya rufe kayan gaba ɗaya.

Tsari:

• Aikin aikin ya lalace ta matakai da yawa

• Mai aiki yana sarrafa jagorancin nakasawa

• Manufa don al'ada ko ƙananan ƙira

Amfani:

• Ya dace da manyan siffofi masu sauƙi

• Ƙananan farashin mutuwa

• Kyakkyawan iko akan kwararar hatsi

Rashin amfani:

• Ƙananan daidaito daidaito

• Ana buƙatar ƙarin ƙwararrun aiki

• Ana iya buƙatar ƙarin inji

Aikace-aikace:

• Manyan rassan, fayafai, zobba

• Abubuwan masana'antu masu nauyi

• Ruwa da sassan samar da wutar lantarki

2. Rufe Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru

Ma'anarsa: Ana sanya ƙarfe a cikin rami mai mutuwa wanda yayi kama da siffar da ake so na sashin.

Tsari:

• Ƙarfin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi yana tilasta ƙarfe a cikin mutuwa

• Ana yin filasha sau da yawa sannan a gyara shi

• Mafi dacewa don samar da girma mai girma

Amfani:

• Madaidaici, abubuwan da ke kusa-net-net

• Babban maimaitawa da inganci

• Ingantattun kayan aikin injiniya saboda daidaitawar hatsi

Rashin amfani:

• Farashin kayan aiki mafi girma

• Iyakance ga ƙananan sassa masu girma da matsakaici

• Yana buƙatar ƙarin nagartaccen kayan aiki

Aikace-aikace:

• Gears

• Sanduna masu haɗawa

• Abubuwan da ke sarrafa motoci da sararin samaniya

3. Bacin Ƙarfafawa

Ma'anarsa: Ya haɗa da ƙara diamita na wani yanki na sandar ƙarfe ta hanyar matse tsayinsa.

Tsari:

• Yawanci ana yin su a cikin injunan ƙirƙira a kwance

• An yi amfani da shi don samar da kai a kan kusoshi, rivets, da fasteners

Amfani:

• Ingantacciyar samar da kayan aikin simmetrical

• Kyakkyawan ƙarfin inji

• Babban saurin samarwa

Aikace-aikace:

• Bolts

• Sukurori

• Shafts da bawul mai tushe

4. Ƙwaƙwalwar zobe mara kyau

Ma'anarsa: Wani nau'i na ƙirƙira na musamman inda aka samo zobe daga preform wanda aka soke sannan kuma a fadada ta hanyar birgima.

Amfani:

• Kyakkyawan daidaitawar hatsi

• Daidai kaurin bango

• Cost-tasiri ga manyan diamita zobba

Aikace-aikace:

• Abun ciki

• Flanges

• Gears da matsi na jirgin ruwa abubuwan

Ƙarin Rabe-rabe

A cikin ƙirƙira na zamani, ana kuma rarraba hanyoyin ta:

a. Nau'in Inji

• Ƙunƙarar guduma

• Ƙirƙirar latsawa na hydraulic

• Ƙunƙarar latsa ƙirƙira

• Ƙirƙirar latsa injina

b. Matsayin Automation

• Ƙirƙirar hannu

• Ƙirƙirar Semi-atomatik

• Ƙirƙirar ƙirƙira ta atomatik

c. Nau'in Abu

• Ferrous (carbon karfe, bakin karfe)

• Non-ferrous (aluminum, jan karfe, titanium, nickel gami)

Ƙirƙira vs Sauran Hanyoyin Ƙirƙirar Ƙarfe