He aha ka papa kuhikuhi kumu o ka Forging?

He hana koʻikoʻi ka Forging i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana ikaika a paʻa hoʻi ma waena o nā ʻoihana like ʻole. Mai nā crankshaft kaʻa a me nā pale aerospace a hiki i nā mea hoʻopaʻa hana a me nā mea hana ʻaila, ʻike ʻia nā ʻāpana forged no ko lākou mau ʻano mechanical maikaʻi loa a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana.

Ka hoomaopopo ana i kaka hoʻokaʻawale kumu o ka forgingkōkua i nā ʻenekinia, nā mea hoʻolālā, a me nā ʻoihana kūʻai aku e koho i ke ala forging kūpono loa e pili ana i ka noi, ka paʻakikī o ka ʻāpana, ka nui o ka hana, a me ke ʻano mea. ʻIke kēia ʻatikala i nā ʻano nui o ka forging a me kā lākou mau hiʻohiʻona e kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻoholo i ka ʻike.

sakysteel

He aha ka Forging?

Ke kalaiwa anaHe kaʻina hana e pili ana i ka hana ʻana i ka metala me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ikaika compressive kūloko. Hiki ke hana ʻia kēia ma ka hāmare ʻana, kaomi ʻana, a i ʻole ka ʻōwili ʻana—maʻa mau me ka metala ma kahi kūlana wela (akā paʻa). Hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo Forging i ke ʻano o ka palaoa i loko, hoʻonui i ka ikaika, a hoʻopau i nā hemahema e like me ka porosity a i ʻole inclusions.

Ua hoʻololi ʻia ka Forging i nā ʻano hana like ʻole ma muli o nā kumu e like me ka mahana, nā mea hana i hoʻohana ʻia, a me ka hoʻonohonoho make.

Hoʻokaʻawale kumu o ka Forging

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kaʻina hana forging ma muli oʻelua mau kumu nui:

1. Hana ana i ka Mahana

2. ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana a me ka mea paahana

E nānā pono i kēlā me kēia hoʻokaʻawale.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma ka hana ʻana i ka Mahana

ʻO kēia ke ala maʻamau e hoʻokaʻawale i nā kaʻina hana forging. Ma muli o ka mahana i hana ʻia ai ka forging, ua māhele ʻia i:

1. Wela Forging

Wehewehe: Hana ʻia ma nā wela kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ma mua o ka wela o ka recrystallization o ka metala (ma kahi o 1100–1250°C no ke kila).

Nā pono:

• ʻO ka ductility kiʻekiʻe a me ke kū'ē haʻahaʻa i ka deformation

• Hiki i nā ʻano paʻakikī

• Hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ke ʻano o ka palaoa

• Hoʻopau i ka porosity a me nā hemahema

Nā pōʻino:

• Hoʻokumu ʻia ka unahi ma muli o ka oxidation

• ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka pololei ʻana ma mua o ka hana anu

• Pono hou ka ikehu no ka hoʻomehana

Nā noi:

• Nā ʻāpana kaʻa (crankshafts, gears)

• Nā ʻāpana mīkini kaumaha

• ʻO nā lāʻau ʻoihana a me nā flanges

2. Pumehana Forging

Wehewehe: Hana ʻia ma waena o nā mahana wela (ma waena o 500 ° C a me 900 ° C), e hui pū ana i kekahi mau mea maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana i ka wela a me ke anu.

Nā pono:

• Hoʻemi ʻia nā ukana hoʻokumu

• Hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka mana dimensional

• ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka oxidation i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hoʻoheheʻe wela

• ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka ʻili

Nā pōʻino:

• Ua kaupalena ʻia i nā mea kikoʻī

• ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o nā pono lako

Nā noi:

• Nā mea hoʻoili

• Haʻi heihei

• Nā kīʻaha kīʻaha

3. Huʻihuʻi

Wehewehe: Hana ʻia ma kahi mahana a kokoke i ka lumi me ka hoʻomehana ʻole i ka mea.

Nā pono:

• Hoʻopau ʻili maikaʻi

• Hoʻopili i ka hoʻomanawanui ʻana

• Hoʻoikaika ka hana paʻakikī i ka ikaika

• ʻAʻohe oxidation a scaling

Nā pōʻino:

• Pono nā ikaika hana kiʻekiʻe

• Ua kaupalena ʻia i nā ʻano maʻalahi a me nā mea palupalu

• Pilikia o ke koena ko'iko'i

Nā noi:

• ʻO nā mea hoʻopaʻa (nā bolts, screws, rivets)

• Nā lāʻau

• Nā mea kikoʻī liʻiliʻi

Hoʻokaʻawale ma ka Die Configuration

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka forging ma muli o ke ʻano o ka make a me nā mea hana i hoʻohana ʻia i ke kaʻina hana:

1. Wehe ʻAi ʻAi Make (Free Forging)

Wehewehe: Hoʻokomo ʻia ka metala ma waena o nā mea palahalaha a i ʻole nā ​​mea maʻalahi e hoʻopili ʻole i ka mea.

Kaʻina hana:

• Hoʻololi ʻia ka mea hana ma nā ʻanuʻu he nui

• Hoʻoponopono ka mea hana i ke kuhikuhi deformation

• Kūpono no ka hana maʻamau a haʻahaʻa paha

Nā pono:

• He kūpono no nā ʻano nui a maʻalahi

• ʻO ke kumukūʻai make haʻahaʻa

• ʻO ka mana maikaʻi ma luna o ke kahe o ka palaoa

Nā pōʻino:

• ʻO ke kiko haʻahaʻa

• Pono ka hana akamai

• Pono paha ka mīkini hou

Nā noi:

• ʻO nā kumu nui, nā diski, nā apo

• Nā mea ʻenehana kaumaha

• Nā ʻāpana hana moana a me ka mana

2. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo Die Forging (Impression Die Forging)

Wehewehe: Hoʻokomo ʻia ka metala i loko o kahi lua make e like me ke ʻano o ka ʻāpana i makemake ʻia.

Kaʻina hana:

• Hoʻoikaika ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe i ka metala i loko o ka make

• Hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia ka Flash a laila ʻoki ʻia

• Kūpono no ka hana nui

Nā pono:

• ʻO nā ʻāpana kikoʻī pololei, kokoke i ka ʻupena

• High repeatability a me ka pono

• Hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia nā waiwai mechanical ma muli o ka alignment palaoa

Nā pōʻino:

• ʻOi aku ke kumukūʻai paahana

• Ua kaupalena ʻia i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi a liʻiliʻi

• Pono nā mea hana maʻalahi

Nā noi:

• Na Gears

• Nā lāʻau hoʻohui

• Nā ʻāpana kaʻa a me ka aerospace

3. Huhu Huhu

Wehewehe: Hoʻopili i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke anawaena o kahi ʻāpana o ka pahu metala ma ke kaomi ʻana i kona lōʻihi.

Kaʻina hana:

• Hana maʻamau i nā mīkini forging horizontal

• Hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā poʻo ma nā bolts, rivets, a me nā mea paʻa

Nā pono:

• Hana maikaʻi i nā ʻāpana symmetrical

• ʻO ka ikaika mechanical maikaʻi

• ʻO ka wikiwiki hana kiʻekiʻe

Nā noi:

• ʻO nā kīʻaha

• ʻUila

• ʻO nā kumu a me nā kumu valve

4. Kaʻa ʻana o ke apo maʻemaʻe

Wehewehe: He ʻano hana kuʻi ʻia kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ke apo mai kahi ʻano mua i hou ʻia a hoʻonui ʻia e ka ʻōwili ʻana.

Nā pono:

• Kūlana palaoa maikaʻi loa

• ʻO ka mānoanoa pā pololei

• Uku-pono no na apo apo anawaena nui

Nā noi:

• Piʻi

• ʻO nā lehelehe

• ʻO nā mīkini a me nā ʻāpana moku kaomi

Hoʻohui hou

I ka forging hou, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kaʻina hana e:

a. ʻAno Mīkini

• Hammer forging

• ʻO ka hana kaomi hydraulic

• ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka wili

• Paʻi mīkini paʻi

b. Papa ʻaunoa

• Ke kalai lima

• Semi-akomi forging

• Hoʻopili ʻakomi piha

c. ʻAno Mea

• Ferrous (he kila kalapona, kila kuhiliʻole)

• Non-ferrous (alumimina, keleawe, titanium, nickel alloys)

ʻO ka Forging vs Nā Hana Metala ʻē aʻe