Yintoni uHlelo oluSisiseko lokuQinisa?

Ukubumba yinkqubo yokwenziwa kwesinyithi esisiseko edlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwenzeni izinto ezomeleleyo nezizinzileyo kumashishini awohlukeneyo. Ukusuka kwii-crankshafts zeemoto kunye nezibiyeli ze-aerospace ukuya kwi-fasteners yokwakha kunye nezixhobo ze-oyile, iindawo ezibunjiweyo zaziwa ngeempawu zabo ezintle zoomatshini kunye nokuthembeka kolwakhiwo.

Ukuqonda iukuhlelwa okusisiseko kobumbiinceda iinjineli, abaqulunqi, kunye neengcali zokuthengwa kwempahla zikhethe eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo yokubumba esekwe kwisicelo, inxalenye entsonkothileyo, umthamo wemveliso, kunye nohlobo lwemathiriyeli. Eli nqaku liphonononga iintlobo eziphambili zokubumba kunye neempawu zabo ukukunceda wenze izigqibo ezinolwazi.

sakysteel

Yintoni Ukuqulunqa?

Ukuqulunqayinkqubo yokuvelisa ebandakanya ukubumba isinyithi usebenzisa amandla oxinzelelo asekuhlaleni. Oku kunokwenziwa ngokubethelwa, ukucinezela, okanye ukuqengqeleka-ngokuqhelekileyo ngesinyithi kwindawo eshushu (kodwa eqinileyo). I-Forging iphucula ukwakheka kweenkozo zangaphakathi, kwandisa amandla, kunye nokuphelisa iziphene ezifana ne-porosity okanye inclusions.

Ukuqulunqa kuye kwavela kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nobushushu, izixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo, kunye noqwalaselo lokufa.

UHlelo oluSisiseko lokuQinisa

Iinkqubo zokukhwabanisa zingahlelwa ngokubanzi ngokusekelweiindlela ezimbini eziphambili:

1. Ukubumba Ubushushu

2. Uqwalaselo lweDie kunye nezixhobo

Makhe sijonge kuhlelo ngalunye ngokweenkcukacha.

Ukuhlelwa Ngokuqulunqa uBubushushu

Le yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokuhlela iinkqubo zokubumba. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiqondo lobushushu olwenziwa ngalo, lohlulwe lube:

1. Ukuqulunqa okushushu

Ingcaciso: Yenziwe kumaqondo okushisa aphezulu, ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphezu kweqondo lokushisa le-recrystallization yensimbi (malunga ne-1100-1250 ° C yensimbi).

Iingenelo:

• I-ductility ephezulu kunye nokuchasana okuphantsi kwi-deformation

• Yenza iimilo ezintsonkothileyo

• Ucokisa ukwakheka kweenkozo

• Ukuphelisa i-porosity kunye neziphene

Iingxaki:

• Ukwakheka kwesikali ngenxa ye-oxidation

• Ukuchaneka komda kuncinci kunobumba obubandayo

• Ifuna amandla amaninzi ukufudumeza

Usetyenziso:

• Iindawo zemoto (i-crankshafts, iigiya)

• Amacandelo oomatshini anzima

• Iishafu zoshishino kunye neeflange

2. Ukuqulunqa ngokufudumeleyo

Ingcaciso: Yenziwe kumaqondo okushisa aphakathi (phakathi kwe-500 ° C kunye ne-900 ° C), ukudibanisa ezinye iingenelo zokutshisa okutshisa kunye nokubanda.

Iingenelo:

• Ukunciphisa ukwenza imithwalo

• Uphuculo lolawulo lomda

• I-oxidation encinci xa kuthelekiswa ne-forging eshushu

• Ukugqiba umgangatho ongcono

Iingxaki:

• Ilinganiselwe kwizinto ezithile

• Iimfuno zezixhobo ezinzima ngakumbi

Usetyenziso:

• Amacandelo othumelo

• Ukuthwala iintlanga

• Izikhewu zezixhobo

3. Ukuqulunqa Okubandayo

Ingcaciso: Yenziwe kwindawo okanye kufuphi nobushushu begumbi ngaphandle kokufudumeza izinto.

Iingenelo:

• Ukugqitywa komphezulu ogqwesileyo

• Vala ukunyamezela komgangatho

• Ukuqina komsebenzi kuphucula amandla

• Akukho oxidation okanye ukukala

Iingxaki:

• Amandla okudala aphezulu afunekayo

• Ilinganiselwe kwiimilo ezilula kunye nemathiriyeli ethambileyo

• Umngcipheko woxinzelelo olushiyekileyo

Usetyenziso:

• Izibophelelo (iibholithi, izikrufu, iirivethi)

• Iishafu

• Amacandelo amancinci achanekileyo

Ulwahlulo ngoLungiso lweDie

I-Forging inokwahlulwa ngokusekwe kuhlobo lokufa kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziswa kwinkqubo:

1. Vula i-Die Forging (Ukuzenzela simahla)

Ingcaciso: Isinyithi sibekwe phakathi kweefati ezisicaba okanye ezilula ezingafaki izinto ngokupheleleyo.

Inkqubo:

• I-workpiece ikhubazekile ngamanyathelo amaninzi

• Umsebenzisi ulawula isalathiso soguqulo

• Efanelekileyo kwimveliso yesiko okanye ephantsi

Iingenelo:

• Ifanelekile kwiimilo ezinkulu nezilula

• Iindleko zokufa ezisezantsi

• Ulawulo olulungileyo lokuhamba okuziinkozo

Iingxaki:

• Ukuchaneka komgangatho ophantsi

• Kufuneka abasebenzi abaninzi abanezakhono

• Kusenokufuneka umatshini owongezelelekileyo

Usetyenziso:

• I-shafts ezinkulu, iidiski, amakhonkco

• Amacandelo oshishino olunzima

• Amacandelo okwenziwa kolwandle kunye nombane

2. Ivaliwe iDie Forging (Impression Die Forging)

Ingcaciso: Intsimbi ibekwe kumngxunya wokufa ofana nomfanekiso ofunekayo wenxalenye.

Inkqubo:

• Amandla oxinzelelo oluphezulu anyanzela isinyithi kwidayiti

• Ubukhazikhazi buhlala bubunjwa kwaye emva koko buchetywe

• Efanelekileyo kwimveliso ephezulu

Iingenelo:

• Imilo echanekileyo, ekufutshane nenethi

• Ukuphindaphinda okuphezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle

• Ukuphuculwa kweempawu zoomatshini ngenxa yokulungelelaniswa kweenkozo

Iingxaki:

• Iindleko eziphezulu zokusebenza

• Ilinganiselwe kwiindawo ezincinci kunye neziphakathi

• Ifuna izixhobo eziphucukileyo

Usetyenziso:

• Iigiya

• Ukudibanisa iintonga

• Izithuthi kunye nezixhobo ze-aerospace

3. Ukucaphukisa ukukhwabanisa

Ingcaciso: Kubandakanya ukwandisa ububanzi besahlulo sentsimbi yentsimbi ngokucinezela ubude bayo.

Inkqubo:

• Ngokuqhelekileyo kwenziwa koomatshini bokubumba abathe tye

• Isetyenziselwa ukwenza iintloko kwiibholithi, iirivethi, kunye nezibophelelo

Iingenelo:

• Imveliso esebenzayo yamacandelo e-symmetrical

• Amandla omatshini alungileyo

• Isantya esiphezulu semveliso

Usetyenziso:

• Iibholithi

• Izikrufu

• Iishafti kunye neziqu zevalvu

4. Umthungo Ring Rolling

Ingcaciso: Uhlobo oluthile lokubumba apho umsesane wenziwa ukusuka kwi-preform ehlatyiweyo kwaye yandiswe ngokuqengqeleka.

Iingenelo:

• Ukuqhelaniswa okuziinkozo okugqwesileyo

• Ubukhulu bodonga oluchanekileyo

• Iindleko-ziindleko zamakhonkco amakhulu amakhulu

Usetyenziso:

• Iibheringi

• Iiflange

• Iigiya kunye namalungu enqanawa yoxinzelelo

Iintlobo ezongezelelweyo

Ekubunjweni kwangoku, iinkqubo zikwahlelwa ngolu hlobo:

a. Uhlobo lomatshini

• Ukubumba ngesando

• Ukubunjwa kwe-Hydraulic press

• Screw press forging

• Ukwenziwa komatshini wokushicilela

b. Inqanaba lokuzenzekelayo

• Ukwenza ngesandla

• Semi-automatic forging

• Ukuzenzela ngokuzenzekelayo

c. Uhlobo lwezinto eziphathekayo

• I-Ferrous (intsimbi yekhabhoni, intsimbi engatyiwayo)

• I-non-ferrous (i-aluminiyam, ubhedu, i-titanium, i-nickel alloys)

Ukuqulunqa vs Ezinye iindlela zokwenziwa kwesinyithi