Yintoni Udidi Olusisiseko Lokwakha?

Ukubumba yinkqubo esisiseko yokwenza isinyithi edlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuveliseni izinto eziqinileyo nezihlala ixesha elide kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Ukususela kwii-crankshafts zeemoto kunye neebrakethi zeenqwelo-moya ukuya kwizibophelelo zokwakha kunye nezixhobo ze-oyile, iindawo ezibumbayo zaziwa ngeempawu zazo ezibalaseleyo zoomatshini kunye nokuqina kwesakhiwo.

Ukuqondaudidi olusisiseko lokubumbainceda iinjineli, abayili, kunye neengcali zokuthenga ukuba bakhethe indlela efanelekileyo yokubumba ngokusekelwe kwisicelo, ubunzima benxalenye, ubungakanani bemveliso, kunye nohlobo lwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo. Eli nqaku liphonononga iintlobo eziphambili zokubumba kunye neempawu zazo ukukunceda wenze izigqibo ezinolwazi.

i-sakysteel

Yintoni iForging?

Ukubumbayinkqubo yokuvelisa equka ukubumba isinyithi kusetyenziswa amandla oxinzelelo asekuhlaleni. Oku kungenziwa ngokubethelela, ukucinezela, okanye ukuqengqa—ngesiqhelo isinyithi sikwimeko eshushu (kodwa siqinile). Ukugquma kuphucula ulwakhiwo lwangaphakathi lwengqolowa, kwandisa amandla, kwaye kususa iziphene ezifana nokuqhekeka okanye ukugquma.

I-Forging iye yavela kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nobushushu, izixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo, kunye nokwakheka kwe-die.

Ulwahlulo oluSisiseko lweForging

Iinkqubo zokubumba zinokuhlulwa-hlulwa ngokubanzi ngokusekelweiikhrayitheriya ezimbini eziphambili:

1. Ubushushu Bokwenza

2. Uqwalaselo lweDie kunye neTooling

Makhe sijonge uluhlu ngalunye ngokweenkcukacha.

Uhlu ngokwendlela yokwenza ubushushu

Le yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokwahlulahlula iinkqubo zokubumba. Ngokuxhomekeke kubushushu apho kwenziwa khona ukubumba, yahlulwe yaba:

1. Ukubumba Okushushu

Inkcazo: Yenziwa kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ngesiqhelo ingaphezulu kobushushu bokuphinda kusetyenziswe isinyithi (malunga ne-1100–1250°C kwisinyithi).

Iingenelo:

• Ukuqina okuphezulu kunye nokumelana okuphantsi kokuguqulwa

• Ivumela iimilo ezintsonkothileyo

• Iphucula ulwakhiwo lweenkozo

• Isusa imingxunya kunye neziphene

Iingxaki:

• Ukwakheka kwesikali ngenxa ye-oxidation

• Ukuchaneka kobukhulu kungaphantsi kokwenziwa okubandayo

• Ifuna amandla angakumbi okufudumeza

Izicelo:

• Izixhobo zemoto (ii-crankshafts, iigiya)

• Izixhobo zoomatshini abanzima

• Iishafti zemizi-mveliso kunye neeflanges

2. Ukufakelwa Okufudumeleyo

Inkcazo: Yenziwa kumaqondo obushushu aphakathi (phakathi kwama-500°C nama-900°C), idibanisa ezinye iingenelo zokufakelwa okushushu nokubandayo.

Iingenelo:

• Imithwalo yokwenza encitshisiweyo

• Ulawulo oluphuculweyo lobukhulu

• I-oxidation encinci xa ithelekiswa ne-hot forging

• Ukugqitywa komphezulu okungcono

Iingxaki:

• Kulinganiselwe kwizixhobo ezithile

• Iimfuno zezixhobo ezintsonkothileyo ngakumbi

Izicelo:

• Izixhobo zothumelo

• Imidyarho yeebheari

• Izikhewu zegiya

3. Ukwakha Okubandayo

Inkcazo: Yenziwa kubushushu begumbi okanye kufutshane nalo ngaphandle kokufudumeza loo nto.

Iingenelo:

• Ukugqitywa komphezulu okugqwesileyo

• Ukunyamezelana okusondeleyo

• Ukuqinisa umsebenzi kuphucula amandla

• Akukho oxidation okanye scaling

Iingxaki:

• Amandla amakhulu okwakha ayimfuneko

• Ilinganiselwe kwiimilo ezilula kunye nezinto ezithambileyo

• Umngcipheko woxinzelelo olushiyekileyo

Izicelo:

• Izinto zokubopha (iibholiti, izikrufu, iirivethi)

• Iishafts

• Izinto ezincinci zokuchaneka

Uhlulo ngokweDie Configuration

Ukwakha kungahlulwa-hlulwa ngokusekwe kuhlobo lweedayi kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo kule nkqubo:

1. I-Open Die Forging (I-Free Forging)

InkcazoIsinyithi sibekwa phakathi kwee-simple dies ezithe tyaba okanye ezingayigqumi ngokupheleleyo loo nto.

Inkqubo:

• Umsebenzi wokusebenza uphazamisekile ngamanyathelo amaninzi

• Umsebenzisi ulawula indlela yokuguqulwa kwesimo

• Ilungele imveliso eyenziwe ngokwezifiso okanye enomthamo ophantsi

Iingenelo:

• Ifanelekile kwiimo ezinkulu nezilula

• Ixabiso eliphantsi lokufa

• Ulawulo olufanelekileyo lokuhamba kweenkozo

Iingxaki:

• Ukuchaneka okuphantsi kobukhulu

• Kufuneka abasebenzi abanezakhono ezingaphezulu

• Kusenokufuneka umatshini owongezelelweyo wokulungisa izinto

Izicelo:

• Iishafti ezinkulu, iidiski, iiringi

• Izinto ezisetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso enzima

• Izixhobo zolwandle kunye nezokuvelisa umbane

2. I-Die Forging evaliweyo (Impression Die Forging)

Inkcazo: Isinyithi sibekwe kwindawo enomngxuma ofana nomfanekiso ofunwayo wenxalenye.

Inkqubo:

• Amandla oxinzelelo oluphezulu anyanzela isinyithi ukuba singene kwidayi

• I-Flash idla ngokwenziwa ize inqunyulwe

• Ilungele imveliso enomthamo omkhulu

Iingenelo:

• Izixhobo ezichanekileyo nezifana ne-net shape

• Ukuphindaphinda okuphezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle

• Iipropati eziphuculweyo zoomatshini ngenxa yokulungelelaniswa kweenkozo

Iingxaki:

• Ixabiso eliphezulu lezixhobo zokusebenza

• Inqunyelwe kwiindawo ezincinci neziphakathi

• Ifuna izixhobo ezintsonkothileyo ngakumbi

Izicelo:

• Iigiya

• Izintonga zokudibanisa

• Izixhobo zezithuthi kunye neenqwelo-moya

3. Ukuqanjwa Okucaphukisayo

Inkcazo: Kubandakanya ukunyusa ububanzi benxalenye yentsimbi ngokucinezela ubude bayo.

Inkqubo:

• Ngokwesiqhelo kwenziwa kwiimashini zokubumba ezithe tye

• Isetyenziselwa ukwenza iintloko kwiibholthi, iirivethi, kunye nezibophelelo

Iingenelo:

• Imveliso esebenzayo yezinto ezilinganayo

• Amandla oomatshini alungileyo

• Isantya esiphezulu semveliso

Izicelo:

• Iibholti

• Izikrufu

• Imigodi kunye neziqu zevalvu

4. Ukuqengqeleka kweRing okungenamthungo

InkcazoUhlobo oluthile lokubumba apho isangqa senziwe khona kwi-preform ebhoboziweyo size sandiswe ngokuqengqeleka.

Iingenelo:

• Isikhokelo esigqwesileyo sengqolowa

• Ubukhulu bodonga obuchanekileyo

• Ixabiso elifanelekileyo kwiiringi ezinkulu ezinobubanzi obuphezulu

Izicelo:

• Iibheringi

• Iiflanges

• Izixhobo zegiya kunye neenxalenye zesitya soxinzelelo

Ulwahlulo olongezelelweyo

Kwi-forging yanamhlanje, iinkqubo zikwahlulwahlulwa ngokwe:

a. Uhlobo lomatshini

• Ukubumba ngesando

• Umatshini wokushicilela weHydraulic

• Ukubumba nge-screw press

• Ukwenziwa koomatshini bokushicilela

b. Inqanaba lokuZenzekelayo

• Ukuyila ngesandla

• Ukubumba okuzenzekelayo

• Ukubumba ngokuzenzekelayo ngokupheleleyo

c. Uhlobo lwezinto

• I-Ferrous (intsimbi yekhabhoni, intsimbi engatyiwayo)

• Ezingeyo-ferrous (i-aluminium, i-copper, i-titanium, i-nickel alloys)

Ukuyila vs Ezinye Iindlela Zokwenza Isinyithi