Kodi Basic Classification of Forging Ndi Chiyani?

Forging ndi njira yofunikira kwambiri yopangira zitsulo zomwe zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri popanga zida zolimba komanso zolimba m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Kuchokera ku ma crankshaft amagalimoto ndi mabatani apamlengalenga mpaka zomangira zomangira ndi zida zopangira mafuta, zida zopukutira zimadziwika ndi luso lawo lamakina komanso kukhulupirika kwawo.

KumvetsaBasic classification of forgingimathandiza mainjiniya, opanga, ndi akatswiri ogula zinthu kuti asankhe njira yoyenera kwambiri yopangira zinthu potengera momwe angagwiritsire ntchito, zovuta zina, kuchuluka kwa kupanga, ndi mtundu wazinthu. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za mitundu yayikulu yazomanga ndi mikhalidwe yake kuti ikuthandizeni kupanga zisankho mwanzeru.

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Kodi Forging N'chiyani?

Kupangandi njira yopangira yomwe imaphatikizapo kupanga zitsulo pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zopondereza. Izi zitha kuchitika pomenya nyundo, kukanikiza, kapena kugudubuza —nthawi zambiri chitsulocho chikatenthedwa (koma cholimba). Kupanga kumawonjezera kapangidwe ka tirigu wamkati, kumalimbitsa mphamvu, ndikuchotsa zolakwika monga porosity kapena inclusions.

Kupanga kwasintha kukhala njira zingapo kutengera zinthu monga kutentha, zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso kasinthidwe kakufa.

Basic Gulu la Forging

Njira zopangira zida zitha kugawidwa mosiyanasiyana kutengeranjira ziwiri zazikulu:

1. Kupanga Kutentha

2. Kusintha kwa Die ndi Zida

Tiyeni tione gulu lirilonse mwatsatanetsatane.

Gulu Popanga Kutentha

Iyi ndiye njira yodziwika kwambiri yogawa njira zopangira. Kutengera ndi kutentha komwe kumapangidwira, kumagawidwa kukhala:

1. Hot Forging

Tanthauzo: Kuchitidwa pa kutentha kwakukulu, makamaka pamwamba pa kutentha kwa recrystallization kwazitsulo (kuzungulira 1100-1250 ° C kwa chitsulo).

Ubwino wake:

• High ductility ndi otsika kukana mapindikidwe

• Imathandizira mawonekedwe ovuta

• Imayeretsa kapangidwe kambewu

• Amathetsa porosity ndi zolakwika

Zoipa:

• Kupanga kwa sikelo chifukwa cha okosijeni

• Dimensional kulondola ndi zochepa kuposa ozizira forging

• Pamafunika mphamvu zambiri potenthetsa

Mapulogalamu:

• Zigawo zamagalimoto (ma crankshaft, magiya)

• Zolemera makina zigawo zikuluzikulu

• Industrial shafts ndi flanges

2. Ofunda Forging

Tanthauzo: Amapangidwa pa kutentha kwapakatikati (pakati pa 500 ° C ndi 900 ° C), kuphatikiza zabwino zina za kupanga kotentha ndi kozizira.

Ubwino wake:

• Kuchepetsa kupanga katundu

• Kuwongolera kowoneka bwino

• Kuchepa kwa okosijeni poyerekeza ndi kufota kotentha

• Kumaliza bwino pamwamba

Zoipa:

• Zochepa kuzinthu zenizeni

• Zofunikira zowonjezera zida

Mapulogalamu:

• Kutumiza zigawo

• Mitundu yonyamula

• Zosowa za zida

3. Cold Forging

Tanthauzo: Amachitidwa kutentha kapena pafupi ndi chipinda popanda kutentha zinthu.

Ubwino wake:

• Kumaliza bwino kwambiri pamwamba

• Tsekani dimensional kulolerana

• Kugwira ntchito molimbika kumawonjezera mphamvu

• Palibe ma oxidation kapena makulitsidwe

Zoipa:

• Mkulu kupanga mphamvu zofunika

• Zochepa ku mawonekedwe osavuta komanso zida zofewa

• Kuopsa kwa kupsinjika kotsalira

Mapulogalamu:

• Zomangira (mabolts, zomangira, rivets)

• Mitsinje

• Zigawo zolondola zazing'ono

Gulu ndi Die Configuration

Forging imathanso kugawidwa kutengera mtundu wa kufa ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita izi:

1. Open Die Forging (Forging Free)

Tanthauzo: Zitsulo zimayikidwa pakati pa zophwanyika kapena zosavuta zomwe sizimangirira zinthuzo.

Njira:

• The workpiece ndi yopunduka mu masitepe angapo

• Oyendetsa amawongolera njira yosinthira

• Zoyenera kupanga mwachizolowezi kapena zotsika kwambiri

Ubwino wake:

• Oyenera mawonekedwe akulu ndi osavuta

• Mtengo wotsika

• Kuwongolera kwabwino pakuyenda kwambewu

Zoipa:

• Kulondola kwenikweni kwapansi

• Pakufunika ntchito yaluso yowonjezereka

• Makina owonjezera angafunikire

Mapulogalamu:

• Ma shafts akuluakulu, ma disks, mphete

• Zolemera mafakitale zigawo

• Zida zopangira magetsi panyanja ndi magetsi

2. Closed Die Forging (Impression Die Forging)

Tanthauzo: Chitsulocho chimayikidwa m’phanga lomwe limafanana ndi mawonekedwe ofunikira a gawolo.

Njira:

• Mphamvu yothamanga kwambiri imakakamiza zitsulo kuti zilowe mukufa

• Kung'anima kumapangidwa nthawi zambiri kenako ndikukonzedwa

• Zabwino kwambiri pakupanga kwamphamvu kwambiri

Ubwino wake:

• Zolondola, zigawo za mawonekedwe apafupi

• High repeatability ndi dzuwa

• Kuwongolera kwamakina chifukwa cha kulumikizana kwambewu

Zoipa:

• Mtengo wokwera wa zida

• Zochepa ku magawo ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati

• Pamafunika zida zapamwamba kwambiri

Mapulogalamu:

• Magiya

• Zogwirizanitsa zitsulo

• Zida zamagalimoto ndi zamlengalenga

3. Kukhumudwa Kwambiri

Tanthauzo: Kumaphatikizapo kukulitsa kukula kwa gawo lachitsulo mwa kukanikiza kutalika kwake.

Njira:

• Kawirikawiri amapangidwa mu makina okhotakhota opingasa

• Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mitu pa mabawuti, ma rivets, ndi zomangira

Ubwino wake:

• Kupanga koyenera kwa zigawo zofananira

• Mphamvu zamakina zabwino

• Kuthamanga kwakukulu

Mapulogalamu:

• Maboti

• Zomangira

• Masamba ndi ma valve

4. Seamless Ring Rolling

Tanthauzo: Mtundu wapadera wa kupangira komwe mphete imapangidwa kuchokera ku preform yoboola kenako ndikukulitsidwa ndikugudubuza.

Ubwino wake:

• Kuwongolera kwabwino kwambewu

• Makulidwe enieni a khoma

• Zotsika mtengo kwa mphete zazikulu zozungulira

Mapulogalamu:

• Ma Bearings

• Flanges

• Magiya ndi zigawo zotengera zotengera

Zigawo Zowonjezera

M'mapangidwe amakono, ndondomeko zimagawidwanso ndi:

a. Mtundu wa Makina

• Kupanga nyundo

• Makina osindikizira a Hydraulic

• Screw press forging

• Kupanga makina osindikizira

b. Mulingo wa Automation

• Kupanga pamanja

• Semi-automatic forging

• Zodzipangira zokha zokha

c. Mtundu Wazinthu

• Ferrous (mpweya wa carbon, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri)

• Non-ferrous (aluminium, mkuwa, titaniyamu, nickel alloys)

Forging vs Njira Zina Zopangira Zitsulo