Sehlopha sa Motheo sa Forging ke Eng?

Forging ke ts'ebetso ea mantlha ea ho bopa tšepe e bapalang karolo ea bohlokoa ho hlahiseng likarolo tse matla le tse tšoarellang liindastering tse fapaneng. Ho tloha ho li-crankshafts tsa likoloi le li-brackets tsa sefofane ho ea ho li-fasteners tsa kaho le lisebelisoa tsa sebaka sa oli, likarolo tse qhekelitsoeng li tsebahala ka thepa ea tsona e babatsehang ea mochine le botšepehi ba sebopeho.

Ho utloisisatlhophiso ea motheo ea ho qhekellae thusa baenjiniere, baqapi le litsebi tsa ho reka thepa ho khetha mokhoa o nepahetseng ka ho fetisisa oa ho qapa o ipapisitseng le ts'ebeliso, ho rarahana ha karolo, bophahamo ba tlhahiso le mofuta oa thepa. Sengoliloeng sena se hlahloba mefuta ea mantlha ea ho qhekella le litšobotsi tsa bona ho u thusa ho etsa liqeto tse nang le tsebo.

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Ho Forging ke Eng?

Ho qapake ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso e kenyelletsang ho bopa tšepe ka ho sebelisa matla a hatellang a sebakeng seo. Sena se ka etsoa ka ho otla ka hamore, ho hatella, kapa ho bilika—hangata ka tšepe e le boemong bo futhumetseng (empa bo tiile). Forging e ntlafatsa sebopeho sa lijo-thollo tse ka hare, e matlafatsa matla, 'me e felisa mefokolo e kang porosity kapa inclusions.

Forging e fetohile mekhoeng e fapaneng ho latela lintlha tse kang mocheso, lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang le tlhophiso ea lefu.

Sehlopha sa Motheo sa Forging

Mekhoa ea ho qhekella e ka aroloa ka bophara ho latelalintlha tse peli tse ka sehloohong:

1. Ho theha Mocheso

2. Die Configuration le Tooling

Ha re shebeng sehlopha ka seng ka botlalo.

Classification ka Ho Etsa Mocheso

Ena ke mokhoa o atileng haholo oa ho arola lits'ebetso tsa forging. Ho itšetlehile ka mocheso oo forging e etsoang ho oona, e arotsoe ka:

1. Hot Forging

Tlhaloso: E etsoa ka mocheso o phahameng, hangata ka holim'a mocheso oa recrystallization oa tšepe (hoo e ka bang 1100-1250 ° C bakeng sa tšepe).

Melemo:

• Ductility e phahameng le khanyetso e tlase ho deformation

• E nolofalletsa libopeho tse rarahaneng

• E hloekisa sebopeho sa lijo-thollo

• E felisa porosity le mefokolo

Mefokolo:

• Sebopeho sa sekhahla ka lebaka la oxidation

• Ho nepahala ha dimensional ho tlase ho feta ho etsa serame

• E hloka matla a mangata bakeng sa ho futhumatsa

Lisebelisoa:

• Likarolo tsa likoloi (li-crankshaft, likere)

• Likarolo tse boima tsa mochini

• Li-shafts tsa indasteri le li-flanges

2. Mofuthu oa ho Rata

Tlhaloso: E etsoa ka mocheso o bohareng (pakeng tsa 500 ° C le 900 ° C), ho kopanya melemo e meng ea ho chesa le ho bata.

Melemo:

• Meroalo e fokotsehileng ea ho theha

• Taolo e ntlafetseng ya dimensional

• Oxidation e nyane ha e bapisoa le e chesang

• Phello e ntle ea bokaholimo

Mefokolo:

• E lekanyelitsoe ho lisebelisoa tse khethehileng

• Litlhoko tsa lisebelisoa tse rarahaneng haholoanyane

Lisebelisoa:

• Likarolo tsa phetiso

• Ho jara merabe

• Likheo tsa li-gear

3. Cold Forging

Tlhaloso: E etsoa ka mocheso oa kamore kapa haufi le eona ntle le ho futhumatsa thepa.

Melemo:

• Qetello e ntle ea bokaholimo

• Koala dimensional tolerance

• Ho sebetsa ka thata ho ntlafatsa matla

• Ha ho na oxidation kapa scaling

Mefokolo:

• Ho hlokahala matla a phahameng a ho theha

• E lekanyelitsoe ho libopeho tse bonolo le lisebelisoa tse bonolo

• Kotsi ea khatello ea maikutlo e setseng

Lisebelisoa:

• Li-fasteners (bolts, screws, rivets)

• Mekotlo

• Likarolo tse nyane tse nepahetseng

Classification ka Die Configuration

Forging le eona e ka aroloa ho latela mofuta oa lefu le lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang ts'ebetsong:

1. Open Die Forging (Ho Forging Mahala)

Tlhaloso: Metal e behoa pakeng tsa li-diesel tse bataletseng kapa tse bonolo tse sa kenyelletseng thepa ka ho feletseng.

Tshebetso:

• Workpiece e holofetse ka mehato e mengata

• Opereishene e laola tataiso ea deformation

• E loketse bakeng sa tlhahiso ea tloaelo kapa e tlaase

Melemo:

• E loketse libopeho tse kholo le tse bonolo

• Theko e tlase ea ho shoa

• Taolo e ntle ea phallo ea lijo-thollo

Mefokolo:

• Ho nepahala ho tlase

• Ho hlokahala basebetsi ba nang le tsebo e eketsehileng

• Ho ka 'na ha hlokahala mechine e eketsehileng

Lisebelisoa:

• Li-shafts tse kholo, li-disks, mehele

• Likarolo tse boima tsa indasteri

• Likarolo tsa ho fehla matla a leoatle le matla

2. Closed Die Forging (Impression Die Forging)

Tlhaloso: Tšepe e kenngoa ka har'a lesoba le tšoanang le sebopeho se lakatsehang sa karolo.

Tshebetso:

• Matla a matla a phahameng a qobella tšepe hore e kene ka hare

• Hangata flash e thehoa ebe e khutsuoa

• E loketseng bakeng sa tlhahiso e phahameng ea molumo

Melemo:

• Likarolo tse nepahetseng, tse haufi-ufi

• Ho pheta-pheta le ho sebetsa hantle

• Mehaho e ntlafetseng ea mochine ka lebaka la ho lumellana ha lijo-thollo

Mefokolo:

• Theko e phahameng ea lisebelisoa

• E lekanyelitsoe ho likarolo tse nyane le tse mahareng

• E hloka lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele

Lisebelisoa:

• Li-gears

• Melamu ea ho kopanya

• Likarolo tsa likoloi le tsa sefofane

3. Phethahatso e Phethahetseng

Tlhaloso: E kenyelletsa ho eketsa bophara ba karolo ea tšepe ea tšepe ka ho hatella bolelele ba eona.

Tshebetso:

• Hangata e etsoa ka mechini e otlolohileng ea forging

• E sebelisetsoa ho etsa lihlooho holim'a liboutu, li-rivets le li-fasteners

Melemo:

• Tlhahiso e sebetsang ea likarolo tsa symmetrical

• Matla a matle a mochini

• Lebelo le phahameng la tlhahiso

Lisebelisoa:

• Liboutu

• Likokoana-hloko

• Li-shafts le li-valve stems

4. Seamless Ring Rolling

Tlhaloso: Mofuta o itseng oa ho qhekella moo selikalikoe se thehoang ho tloha ho preform e phunyeletsoeng ebe e atolosoa ka ho bilika.

Melemo:

• Mokhoa o motle oa lijo-thollo

• Botenya bo nepahetseng ba lebota

• E theko e boima bakeng sa mehele e meholo ea bophara

Lisebelisoa:

• Bearings

• Li-flange

• Li-gears le likarolo tsa sejana sa khatello

Lihlopha tse Eketsehileng

Ka mokhoa oa sejoale-joale, lits'ebetso li boetse li arotsoe ka:

a. Mofuta oa Mochini

• Ho etsa hamore

• Mochine oa khatiso oa Hydraulic

• Screw press forging

• Mochine oa khatiso oa mochine

b. Boemo ba boits'oaro

• Ho etsa ka letsoho

• Semi-automatic forging

• Ho qhekella ka botlalo

c. Mofuta oa Boitsebiso

• Ferrous (tšepe ea carbon, tšepe e sa hloekang)

• Non-ferrous (aluminium, koporo, titanium, li-alloys tsa nickel)

Forging vs Mekhoa e meng ea ho theha tšepe