Iyini Isigaba Esiyisisekelo Sokuqamba?

I-Forging iyinqubo eyisisekelo yokwakha insimbi edlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni izingxenye eziqinile nezihlala isikhathi eside kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene. Kusukela kuma-crankshafts ezimoto nakubakaki be-aerospace kuya kwizixhumi zokwakha namathuluzi enkundla kawoyela, izingxenye ezifojiwe zaziwa ngezakhiwo zazo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini kanye nobuqotho besakhiwo.

Ukuqonda iukuhlukaniswa okuyisisekelo kokubunjwaisiza onjiniyela, abaklami, nezingcweti zokuthengwa kwempahla ukuthi zikhethe indlela efanelekile yokukhanga ngokusekelwe kuhlelo lokusebenza, ingxenye eyinkimbinkimbi, umthamo wokukhiqiza, kanye nohlobo lwezinto ezibonakalayo. Lesi sihloko sihlola izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokuqamba kanye nezici zazo ukuze zikusize wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi.

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Kuyini Ukuqamba?

Ukuqambakuyinqubo yokukhiqiza ebandakanya ukubumba insimbi kusetshenziswa amandla okucindezela asendaweni. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokushaya ngesando, ukucindezelwa, noma ukugingqika—ngokuvamile ngensimbi esimweni esishisayo (kodwa esiqinile). I-Forging ithuthukisa ukwakheka kokusanhlamvu kwangaphakathi, ithuthukisa amandla, futhi isuse amaphutha afana ne-porosity noma inclusions.

I-Forging iguqukele kumasu ahlukahlukene kuye ngezici ezifana nezinga lokushisa, okokusebenza okusetshenzisiwe, nokucushwa kokufa.

Ukwahlukaniswa Okuyisisekelo Kokuqamba

Izinqubo zokuqamba zingahlukaniswa kabanzi ngokusekelwe kulokhoizindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko:

1. Ukwakha Izinga lokushisa

2. I-Die Configuration kanye ne-Tooling

Ake sibheke isigaba ngasinye ngokuningiliziwe.

Ukwahlukaniswa Ngokwakha Izinga Lokushisa

Lena indlela ejwayeleke kakhulu yokuhlukanisa izinqubo zokubumba. Ngokuya ngezinga lokushisa okwenziwa ngalo ukukhangiswa, ihlukaniswe yaba:

1. Hot Forging

Incazelo: Kwenziwe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ngokuvamile ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa le-recrystallization yensimbi (cishe i-1100-1250 ° C yensimbi).

Izinzuzo:

• I-ductility ephezulu kanye nokumelana okuphansi kwe-deformation

• Inika amandla izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi

• Icwenga isakhiwo sokusanhlamvu

• Iqeda i-porosity nokukhubazeka

Ukubi:

• Ukwakheka kwesikali ngenxa ye-oxidation

• Ukunemba kwe-Dimensional kungaphansi kokwenza okubandayo

• Idinga amandla engeziwe okushisa

Izinhlelo zokusebenza:

• Izingxenye zezimoto (ama-crankshafts, amagiya)

• Izingxenye zemishini enzima

• Imishini yezimboni nama-flanges

2. Ukuqamba Okufudumele

Incazelo: Kwenziwa emazingeni okushisa aphakathi nendawo (phakathi kuka-500°C no-900°C), kuhlanganisa ezinye izinzuzo zokubumba okushisayo nokubandayo.

Izinzuzo:

• Yehlisiwe ukwakha imithwalo

• Ukulawulwa kwe-dimensional okuthuthukisiwe

• I-oxidation encane uma iqhathaniswa ne-hot forging

• Ukuqedwa okungcono kwengaphezulu

Ukubi:

• Ilinganiselwe ezintweni ezithile

• Izidingo zemishini eyinkimbinkimbi

Izinhlelo zokusebenza:

• Izingxenye zokudlulisela

• Ukuzalanisa izinhlanga

• Izikhala zamagiya

3. Cold Forging

Incazelo: Kwenziwe ekamelweni lokushisa noma eliseduze ngaphandle kokushisisa okokusebenza.

Izinzuzo:

• Excellent surface finish

• Vala ukubekezelelana kwe-dimensional

• Ukuqina komsebenzi kuthuthukisa amandla

• Ayikho i-oxidation noma ukukala

Ukubi:

• Amandla okwakha aphezulu ayadingeka

• Kukhawulelwe kumajamo alula nezinto ezithambile

• Ingozi yengcindezi eyinsalela

Izinhlelo zokusebenza:

• Ama-fasteners (amabhawodi, izikulufu, ama-rivets)

• Imigodi

• Izingxenye zokunemba ezincane

Ukwahlukaniswa nge-Die Configuration

I-Forging nayo ingahlukaniswa ngokuya ngohlobo lokufa nemishini esetshenziswa kule nqubo:

1. Vula i-Die Forging (Ukuqamba Kwamahhala)

Incazelo: Insimbi ibekwe phakathi kwama-dies ayisicaba noma alula angavaleli ngokuphelele impahla.

Inqubo:

• I-workpiece ikhubazekile ngezinyathelo eziningi

• I-opharetha ilawula isiqondiso se-deformation

• Ilungele ukukhiqizwa okungokwezifiso noma kwevolumu ephansi

Izinzuzo:

• Ifanele izimo ezinkulu nezilula

• Izindleko zokufa eziphansi

• Ukulawula okuhle kokugeleza kokusanhlamvu

Ukubi:

• Ukunemba kwe-dimensional ephansi

• Kudingeka abasebenzi abaningi abanamakhono

• Kungase kudingeke imishini eyengeziwe

Izinhlelo zokusebenza:

• Ama-shafts amakhulu, amadiski, amasongo

• Izingxenye zezimboni ezinzima

• Izingxenye zasolwandle neziphehla amandla

2. I-Closed Die Forging (I-Impression Die Forging)

Incazelo: Insimbi ifakwa emgodini ofana nesimo esifiswayo sengxenye.

Inqubo:

• Amandla okucindezela okuphezulu aphoqa insimbi ukuthi ibe idayisi

• I-flash ivamise ukwakheka bese iyasikwa

• Ilungele ukukhiqizwa kwevolumu ephezulu

Izinzuzo:

• Izingxenye zomumo onembile, oseduze nenethi

• Ukuphindaphinda okuphezulu nokusebenza kahle

• Izakhiwo ezithuthukisiwe zemishini ngenxa yokuqondanisa okusanhlamvu

Ukubi:

• Izindleko zamathuluzi eziphakeme

• Inqunyelwe ezingxenyeni ezincane neziphakathi nendawo

• Idinga imishini eyinkimbinkimbi

Izinhlelo zokusebenza:

• Amagiya

• Izinduku zokuxhuma

• Izingxenye zezimoto kanye ne-aerospace

3. Ukuqamba Okucasulayo

Incazelo: Kubandakanya ukukhulisa ububanzi bengxenye yebha yensimbi ngokucindezela ubude bayo.

Inqubo:

• Ngokuvamile kwenziwa emishinini yokufoja evundlile

• Isetshenziselwa ukwenza amakhanda kuma-bolts, ama-rivets, nezinsimbi

Izinzuzo:

• Ukukhiqizwa okuphumelelayo kwezingxenye ezilinganayo

• Amandla amahle emishini

• Isivinini sokukhiqiza esiphezulu

Izinhlelo zokusebenza:

• Amabhawudi

• Izikulufu

• Ama-shafts kanye neziqu ze-valve

4. I-Seamless Ring Rolling

Incazelo: Uhlobo oluthile lokufoja lapho indandatho yakheka khona kusukela ku-preform ebhoboziwe bese inwetshwa ngokugingqika.

Izinzuzo:

• Excellent okusanhlamvu orientation

• Ukujiya kodonga olunembile

• Ibiza izindleko zamasongo amakhulu

Izinhlelo zokusebenza:

• Amabhere

• Ama-Flanges

• Amagiya kanye nezingxenye zesitsha sokucindezela

Izigaba ezengeziwe

Ekwenziweni kwesimanje, izinqubo nazo zihlukaniswa ngokuthi:

a. Uhlobo Lomshini

• Ukwenza isando

• I-Hydraulic press forging

• Ukucindezela i-screw forging

• Umshini wokunyathelisa ngomshini

b. I-Automation Level

• Ukwenza ngezandla

• I-semi-automatic forging

• Ukuzenzela okuzenzakalelayo ngokugcwele

c. Uhlobo Lwezinto

• Insimbi (i-carbon steel, insimbi engagqwali)

• I-non-ferrous (i-aluminium, ithusi, i-titanium, i-nickel alloys)

Ukuqamba vs Ezinye Izindlela Zokwenza Insimbi