Dab tsi yog qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm Forging?

Forging yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim cov txheej txheem hlau uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov khoom muaj zog thiab ruaj khov thoob plaws ntau yam kev lag luam. Los ntawm tsheb crankshafts thiab aerospace brackets mus rau kev tsim kho fasteners thiab oilfield cov cuab yeej, forged qhov chaw paub txog lawv zoo heev mechanical zog thiab structural kev ncaj ncees.

To taub covyooj yim classification ntawm forgingpab engineers, designers, thiab procurement cov tub txawg xaiv qhov zoo tshaj plaws forging txoj kev raws li daim ntawv thov, ib feem complexity, ntau lawm ntim, thiab cov ntaub ntawv hom. Tsab ntawv xov xwm no tshawb txog hom tseem ceeb ntawm forging thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv los pab koj txiav txim siab paub.

sakysteel ua

Forging yog dab tsi?

Forgingyog cov txheej txheem tsim khoom uas suav nrog kev tsim cov hlau siv hauv zos compressive zog. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm hammering, nias, lossis dov-feem ntau nrog cov hlau nyob rau hauv lub rhuab (tab sis khoom) lub xeev. Forging txhim kho cov txheej txheem hauv cov nplej, txhim kho lub zog, thiab tshem tawm qhov tsis xws luag xws li porosity lossis inclusions.

Forging tau hloov zuj zus mus rau hauv ntau hom kev kawm nyob ntawm seb yam xws li kub, khoom siv, thiab kev teeb tsa tuag.

Basic Classification ntawm Forging

Forging txheej txheem tuaj yeem faib dav dav raws liob yam tseem ceeb:

1. Txoj Kev Kub Kub

2. Tuag Configuration thiab Tooling

Cia peb saib txhua qhov kev faib tawm kom ntxaws.

Classification los ntawm Forming Temperature

Qhov no yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los txheeb xyuas cov txheej txheem forging. Nyob ntawm qhov kub ntawm qhov uas forging yog ua, nws muab faib ua:

1. Kub Forging

Txhais: Ua nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias, feem ntau saum cov recrystallization kub ntawm cov hlau (nyob ib ncig ntawm 1100-1250 ° C rau hlau).

Qhov zoo:

• High ductility thiab tsis tshua muaj zog rau deformation

• Enables complex duab

• Refines grain qauv

• Tshem tawm cov porosity thiab qhov tsis xws luag

Qhov tsis zoo:

• Scale tsim vim oxidation

• Dimensional raug yog tsawg tshaj qhov txias forging

• Xav tau lub zog ntau dua rau cua sov

Daim ntawv thov:

• Automotive qhov chaw (crankshafts, iav)

• Heavy machinery Cheebtsam

• Industrial shafts thiab flanges

2. Kub Forging

Txhais: Ua nyob rau hauv nruab nrab kub (nruab nrab ntawm 500 ° C thiab 900 ° C), sib txuas ib co zoo ntawm kub thiab txias forging.

Qhov zoo:

• Txo kev tsim cov loads

• Txhim kho qhov loj me tswj

• Tsawg oxidation piv rau kub forging

• Zoo dua nto tiav

Qhov tsis zoo:

• Txwv rau cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb

• Cov cuab yeej siv tau yooj yim dua

Daim ntawv thov:

• Cov khoom sib kis

• Cov kabmob sib tw

• Gear blanks

3. Txias Forging

Txhais: Ua nyob rau hauv los yog ze ntawm chav tsev kub yam tsis muaj cua sov cov khoom.

Qhov zoo:

• Zoo heev nto finish

• Kaw qhov ntev kam rau ua

• Ua hauj lwm hardening txhim kho lub zog

• Tsis muaj oxidation lossis scaling

Qhov tsis zoo:

• High forming rog yuav tsum tau

• Txwv rau cov duab yooj yim thiab cov ntaub ntawv softer

• Risk ntawm residual kev nyuaj siab

Daim ntawv thov:

• Fasteners (bolts, screws, rivets)

• Ncej

• Me me precision Cheebtsam

Classification los ntawm Die Configuration

Forging tuaj yeem raug cais raws li hom kev tuag thiab cov khoom siv hauv cov txheej txheem:

1. Qhib Tuag Forging (Free Forging)

Txhais: Hlau yog muab tso rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub tiaj tiaj los yog cov tuag yooj yim uas tsis muaj cov khoom siv tag nrho.

Txheej txheem:

• Lub workpiece yog deformed nyob rau hauv ntau kauj ruam

• Tus neeg teb xov tooj tswj cov kev taw qhia deformation

• Zoo tagnrho rau kev cai los yog tsawg-ntim ntau lawm

Qhov zoo:

• Haum rau cov duab loj thiab yooj yim

• Tsawg tus nqi tuag

• Kev tswj zoo tshaj cov nplej ntws

Qhov tsis zoo:

• Tsawg qhov tseeb qhov tseeb

• Yuav tsum muaj kev txawj ua haujlwm ntau

• Tej zaum yuav xav tau machining ntxiv

Daim ntawv thov:

• Loj shafts, disks, rings

• Heavy industrial Cheebtsam

• Marine thiab cov khoom tsim hluav taws xob

2. Kaw Tuag Forging (Impression Tuag Forging)

Txhais: Cov hlau yog muab tso rau hauv qhov tuag kab noj hniav uas zoo li qhov xav tau ntawm qhov.

Txheej txheem:

• High-pressure quab yuam yuam cov hlau rau hauv qhov tuag

• Flash yog feem ntau tsim thiab ces trimmed

• Zoo tagnrho rau cov khoom ntim siab

Qhov zoo:

• Precise, ze-net shape Cheebtsam

• High repeatability thiab efficiency

• Txhim kho cov khoom siv kho tshuab vim kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov nplej

Qhov tsis zoo:

• Cov cuab yeej siv siab dua

• Txwv rau qhov me me thiab nruab nrab

• Yuav tsum muaj cov cuab yeej ntse dua

Daim ntawv thov:

• Gears

• Txuas rods

• Automotive thiab aerospace Cheebtsam

3. Txaus siab Forging

Txhais: Koom nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm ib feem ntawm cov hlau bar los ntawm compressing nws ntev.

Txheej txheem:

• Feem ntau ua nyob rau hauv kab rov tav forging tshuab

• Siv los tsim lub taub hau ntawm bolts, rivets, thiab fasteners

Qhov zoo:

• Kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv symmetrical

• Zoo mechanical zog

• Kev kub ceev ntau lawm

Daim ntawv thov:

• Bolts

• Ntsia hlau

• Ncej thiab valve stems

4. Seamless Nplhaib Rolling

Txhais: Ib hom forging qhov twg lub nplhaib yog tsim los ntawm ib tug pierced preform thiab ces nthuav los ntawm dov.

Qhov zoo:

• Zoo heev grain orientation

• Precise phab ntsa thickness

• Nqi-zoo rau loj txoj kab uas hla rings

Daim ntawv thov:

• Cov kabmob

• Flanges

• Gears thiab cov hlab ntsha siab

Kev faib tawm ntxiv

Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub forging, cov txheej txheem kuj raug cais los ntawm:

a. Tshuab Hom

• Rauj forging

• Hydraulic xovxwm forging

• Ntsia hlau xovxwm forging

• Mechanical xovxwm forging

b. Qib Automation

• Phau ntawv forging

• Semi-automatic forging

• Tag nrho tsis siv neeg forging

c. Hom khoom

• Ferrous (carbon steel, stainless hlau)

• Tsis-ferrous (Aluminium, tooj liab, titanium, npib tsib xee alloys)

Forging vs Lwm Txoj Kev Hlau Hlau