Mefuta ea Kalafo ea Mocheso bakeng sa Li-Forging tsa Tšepe e sa Khaotseng ke Eng?

Kereiti ea Tšepe e sa Khaotseng	Mofuta	Tšebeliso e Tloaelehileng	Kalafo e Tloaelehileng ea Mocheso
304 / 304L	Austenitic	Lijo, lik'hemik'hale, tsa metsing	Ho annealing ka tharollo
316 / 316L	Austenitic	Lik'hemik'hale, tsa metsing, tsa meriana	Ho annealing ka tharollo
410/420	Martensitic	Li-valve, likarolo tsa turbine	Ho thatafatsa + ho Tekanya
430	Ferritic	Lisebelisoa tsa likoloi, thepa ea ka tlung	Annealing
17-4PH	Pula e matla.	Lifofane, nyutlelie	Botsofali (pula)

Mefuta ea Kalafo ea Mocheso bakeng sa Li-Forging tsa Tšepe e sa Khaotseng

1. Annealing

Morero:

• Fokotsa ho thatafala le ho ntlafatsa ho ductility

• Fokotsa khatello ea maikutlo ea ka hare

• Ntlafatsa sebopeho sa lijo-thollo

Tshebetso:

• Futhumatsa mocheso o itseng (800–1100°C ho latela sehlopha)

• Tšoara nako e behiloeng

• Pholile butle, hangata ka ontong

E Sebelisitsoe Bakeng sa:

• Ferritic (430)lemartensitic (410, 420)limaraka

• Ho nolofatsa ka mor'a ho sebetsa ka serame

• Ho ntlafatsa bokgoni ba ho sebetsa

sakysteele fana ka lits'ebeletso tse laoloang tsa ho tjhesa ho netefatsa sebopeho se ts'oanang sa microstructure le bonolo bo botle bakeng sa ho sebetsa.

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2. Ho Hloekisa Tharollo (Kalafo ea Tharollo)

Morero:

• Qhibilihisa li-carbide le li-precipitate

• Khutlisa khanyetso ea ts'enyeho

• Finyella sebopeho se ts'oanang sa austenitic

Tshebetso:

• Chesa ho fihlela ho ~1040–1120°C

• Ho tima ka potlako ka metsing kapa moeeng ho hoamisa sebopeho

E Sebelisitsoe Bakeng sa:

• Litšepe tse sa hloekang tsa Austenitic(304, 316)

• E bohlokoa ka mor'a ho tjheseletsa kapa ho chesa haholo

• E tlosa matheba a chromium carbide mme e tsosolosa khanyetso ea mafome

sakysteele etsa bonnete ba hore ho annealing ha tharollo ho lateloa ke ho tima hang-hang ho qoba ho utloa bohloko le ho senyeha ha mahlakore a mangata.

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3. Ho thatafatsa (Ho tima)

Morero:

• Eketsa matla le ho thatafala

• Ntlafatsa ho hanyetsa ho tsofala

Tshebetso:

• Futhumatsa litšepe tse sa hloekang tsa martensitic ho ~950–1050°C

• Tšoara ho tiisa sebopeho

• Ho tima ka potlako ka oli kapa moeeng

E Sebelisitsoe Bakeng sa:

• Litšepe tse sa hloekang tsa Martensitic(410, 420, 440C)

• Likarolo tse hlokang ho ba thata hodimo ha bokaholimo (di-valve, di-bearing)

Hlokomela: Litšepe tsa Austenitic li ke ke tsa thatafatsoa ka kalafo ea mocheso.

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4. Ho leka-lekanya

Morero:

• Fokotsa ho robeha ha bonolo ka mor'a ho thatafala

• Eketsa ho tiea

• Fetola thatafalo ho latela litlhoko tsa kopo

Tshebetso:

• Futhumatsa ho fihlela ho 150–600°C ka mora ho tiya

• Tšoara lihora tse 1-2 ho latela boholo ba karolo

• Ho pholile moeeng o khutsitseng

E Sebelisitsoe Bakeng sa:

• Litšepe tse sa hloekang tsa Martensitic

• Hangata ho kopantsoe le ho thatafatsa ts'ebetsong ea mehato e 'meli

sakysteele laola lipotoloho tsa ho tenyetseha hantle ho tsamaisana le litlhaloso tsa mechini bakeng sa sehlopha ka seng.

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5. Ho thatafatsa pula (Botsofali)

Morero:

• Matlafatsa ka ho thehoa ha precipitate e ntle

• Finyella matla a ho hlahisa chai e ngata ntle le ho sotha ho feteletseng

Tshebetso:

• Phekola tharollo ho ~1040°C ebe o e tima

• Botsofali ho 480–620°C ka lihora tse 'maloa

E Sebelisitsoe Bakeng sa:

• 17-4PH (UNS S17400)le metsoako e tšoanang

• Likarolo tsa lifofane, tsa nyutlelie le tse matla haholo

Melemo:

• Karolelano e ntle ea matla ho ea boima

• Khanyetso e ntle ea ts'enyeho

• Ho sotha ho fokolang ha ho bapisoa le ho thatafatsa ha martensitic

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6. Ho Imolla Khatello ea Kelello

Morero:

• Tlosa khatello ea ka hare e bakoang ke ho sebetsa ka machining, forging, kapa welding

• Thibela liphetoho tsa boholo nakong ea tšebeletso

Tshebetso:

• Chesa ho fihlela ho 300–600°C

• Tšoara nako e itseng

• Pholisa butle

E Sebelisitsoe Bakeng sa:

• Likarolo tse kholo tse entsoeng ka maiketsetso

• Likarolo tse entsoeng ka mokhoa o nepahetseng

sakysteele fana ka ditharollo tse ikgethang tsa ho imolla kgatello ya maikutlo ho boloka botsitso ba boholo ba di-forging tse rarahaneng.

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7. Ho etsa hore lintho li be maemong a tloaelehileng (Ha e atile haholo tšepeng e sa ruseng)

Morero:

• Ntlafatsa boholo ba lijo-thollo

• Ntlafatsa ho tšoana ha sebopeho le thepa

Tshebetso:

• Mocheso ho fihlela mochesong o kaholimo ho phetoho

• Moea o pholileng ho fihlela mochesong oa kamore

E Sebelisitsoe Bakeng sa:

• Hangata e sebelisoa litšepeng tsa carbon le alloy

• Ka linako tse ling e sebelisoa ho litšepe tse sa hloekang tsa ferritic

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Mabaka a Susumetsang Khetho ea Kalafo ea Mocheso

• Sehlopha sa tšepe e sa hloekang

• Mocheso le maemo a tšebeletso

• Litlhoko tsa ho hanyetsa ts'enyeho

• Matlotlo a lakatsehang a mechini

• Boholo le sebopeho sa karolo

• Mehato ea kamora ts'ebetso (ho tjheseletsa, ho sebetsa ka machining)

Kalafo e nepahetseng ea mocheso e netefatsa hore litšepe tse sa hloekang li sebetsa ka mokhoa o tšepahalang libakeng tse mabifi 'me li fihlela maemo a mechini.

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Taolo ea Boleng ho Phekolo ea Mocheso

At sakysteel, kalafo ea mocheso ea li-forging tsa tšepe e sa ruseng e etsoa ka liontong tse laoloang ka:

• Tlhokomelo e nepahetseng ea mocheso

• Ho latela thermocouplebakeng sa likotoana tse kholo

• Ho latela maemo a ASTM A276, A182, A564

• Teko ea kamora kalafoho kenyeletsoa le ho thatafala, ho tsitlella, le tlhahlobo ea metallographic

• Setifikeiti sa EN 10204 3.1/3.2ha o kopa

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Likopo tsa ho Sebetsa ha Tšepe e sa Khaotseng e Futhumatsoang

• Li-Flanges le LisebelisoaTharollo e koetsoe kapa e hlophisitsoe hore e be maemong a tloaelehileng

• Likarolo tsa Shaft le Valve: E thatafalitsoe ebile e halefile

• Matlo a Pompo: Ho imolloa khatellong ea maikutlo

• Likarolo tsa LifofanePula e thatafetse

• Lijana tsa Khatello: E annealed le ho lekoa ho latela maemo a ASME

sakysteele sebeletsa bareki ka tlhahiso ea motlakase, likepe, lisebelisoa tsa lijo, oli le khase, le tse ling.

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Qetello

Kalafo ea mocheso ke mohato oa bohlokoa tlhahisong ealitšepe tsa tšepe e sa hloekang, e lumellang taolo e nepahetseng hodima matla a mechini, ho hanyetsa mafome, le sebopeho sa ka hare. Ho itshetlehile ka motswako le tshebediso, kalafo ya mocheso e ka kenyeletsa ho annealing, kalafo ya tharollo, ho thatafatsa, ho bebofatsa, ho imolla kgatello ya maikutlo, kapa ho tsofala.

Ka ho utloisisamefuta ea kalafo ea mocheso bakeng sa li-forging tsa tšepe e sa hloekang, baenjiniere le bareki ba ka hlalosa mekhoa e nepahetseng bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa bohlokoa.sakysteel, re fana ka lits'ebeletso tse felletseng tsa ho betla le ho futhumatsa tse lumellanang le maemo a machaba le litlhaloso tsa bareki.