Ayini Amafomu Okwelapha Ukushisa Okwenziwa Ngensimbi Engenasici?

Ibanga Lensimbi Engagqwali	Uhlobo	Ukusetshenziswa Okuvamile	Ukwelashwa Kokushisa Okujwayelekile
304 / 304L	I-Austenitic	Ukudla, amakhemikhali, olwandle	Ukulungiswa kwesixazululo
316 / 316L	I-Austenitic	Amakhemikhali, olwandle, i-pharma	Ukulungiswa kwesixazululo
410/420	I-Martensitic	Ama-valve, izingxenye ze-turbine	Ukuqina + Ukushisa
430	I-Ferritic	Ukulungisa izimoto, izinto zikagesi	Anealing
17-4PH	Imvula Kanzima.	I-Aerospace, i-nuclear	Ukuguga (imvula)

Amafomu Okwelapha Okushisisa Okwenziwa Ngensimbi Engagqwali

1. Anealing

Inhloso:

• Yehlisa ubulukhuni futhi uthuthukise i-ductility

• Susa ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi

• Cwenga ukwakheka okusanhlamvu

Inqubo:

• Shisisa ufinyelele ezingeni elithile lokushisa (800-1100°C kuye ngokuthi ibanga)

• Bamba isikhathi esimisiwe

• Phola kancane, ngokuvamile esithandweni somlilo

Isetshenziselwa:

• I-Ferritic (430)futhii-martensitic (410, 420)amabanga

• Ukuthambisa ngemva kokusebenza okubandayo

• Ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza komshini

sakysteelihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezilawulwayo zokudonsa ukuze kuqinisekiswe i-microstructure efanayo kanye nokuthamba okuphelele komshini.

---

2. Ukufakwa Kwesixazululo (Ukwelashwa Kwesixazululo)

Inhloso:

• Chaza ama-carbides nama-precipitates

• Buyisela ukumelana nokugqwala

• Finyelela isakhiwo se-austenitic esilinganayo

Inqubo:

• Ukushisa kufinyelele ~1040–1120°C

• Ukucisha ngokushesha emanzini noma emoyeni ukuze kuqandwe isakhiwo

Isetshenziselwa:

• Izinsimbi ezingenasici ze-Austenitic(304, 316)

• Ibalulekile ngemuva kokushisela noma ukusebenza okushisayo

• Isusa i-chromium carbide futhi ibuyisela ukumelana nokugqwala

sakysteeliqinisekisa ukukhishwa kwesisombululo kulandelwa ukucisha ngokushesha ukuze kugwenywe ukuzwela kanye nokugqwala kwe-intergranular.

---

3. Ukuqinisa (Quenching)

Inhloso:

• Khulisa amandla nobulukhuni

• Thuthukisa ukumelana nokugqoka

Inqubo:

• Shisisa izinsimbi ezingenasici ze-martensitic zibe ~ 950–1050°C

• Bamba ukuze uqinise isakhiwo

• Ukucisha ngokushesha emafutheni noma emoyeni

Isetshenziselwa:

• Izinsimbi ezingenasici ze-Martensitic(410, 420, 440C)

• Izingxenye ezidinga ubulukhuni bobuso obuphezulu (ama-valve, ama-bearings)

Qaphela: Izinsimbi ze-Austenitic azikwazi ukuqina ngokwelashwa kokushisa.

---

4. Ukuthukuthela

Inhloso:

• Yehlisa i-brittleness ngemva kokuqina

• Khulisa ukuqina

• Lungisa ubulukhuni kuzidingo zohlelo

Inqubo:

• Shisisa ku-150-600°C ngemva kokuqina

• Bamba amahora angu-1-2 kuye ngosayizi wengxenye

• Kuphole emoyeni onganyakazi

Isetshenziselwa:

• Izinsimbi ezingenasici ze-Martensitic

• Ngokuvamile kuhlanganiswe nokuqina enqubweni yezinyathelo ezimbili

sakysteelilawula imijikelezo yokuthambisa ngokunembile ukuze ihambisane nokucaciswa komshini kwenqwaba ngayinye.

---

5. Ukuqina Kwemvula (Ukuguga)

Inhloso:

• Qinisa ngokwakheka kwemvula emihle

• Thola amandla aphezulu okukhiqiza ngaphandle kokuhlanekezela ngokweqile

Inqubo:

• Isixazululo phatha ku-~1040°C bese ucisha

• Ubudala ku-480-620 ° C amahora ambalwa

Isetshenziselwa:

• 17-4PH (UNS S17400)nama-alloys afanayo

• I-Aerospace, i-nuclear, kanye nezingxenye zamandla aphezulu

Izinzuzo:

• Isilinganiso esihle kakhulu samandla nesisindo

• Ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle

• Ukuhlanekezela okuncane uma kuqhathaniswa nokuqina kwe-martensitic

---

6. Ukunciphisa Ingcindezi

Inhloso:

• Susa ukucindezelwa kwangaphakathi okubangelwa imishini, i-forging, noma i-welding

• Vimbela izinguquko zobukhulu phakathi nesevisi

Inqubo:

• Shisisa ukuya ku-300-600°C

• Bamba isikhathi esithile

• Phola kancane

Isetshenziselwa:

• Izingxenye ezinkulu ezakhiwe

• Izingxenye zomshini wokunemba

sakysteelinikeza izixazululo ngokwezifiso zokukhulula ukucindezeleka ukugcina ukuzinza kwe-dimensional ye-forging eyinkimbinkimbi.

---

7. Ukujwayela (Akuvamile ensimbi engagqwali)

Inhloso:

• Cwenga usayizi wokusanhlamvu

• Thuthukisa ukufana kwesakhiwo nezakhiwo

Inqubo:

• Shisisa ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa lokuguqulwa

• Umoya opholile ufinyelela izinga lokushisa legumbi

Isetshenziselwa:

• Ngokujwayelekile isetshenziswa ku-carbon ne-alloy steels

• Kusetshenziswa ngezikhathi ezithile kuma-ferritic stainless steels

---

Izinto Ezithonya Ukukhetha Ukwelashwa Kokushisa

• Ibanga lensimbi engagqwali

• Izinga lokushisa lesevisi nezimo

• Izidingo zokumelana nokugqwala

• Izici ezifiselekayo zemishini

• Usayizi wengxenye kanye nokuma

• Izinyathelo zangemuva kokucubungula (i-welding, machining)

Ukwelashwa okufanelekile kokushisa kuqinisekisa ukuthi izimbotshana zensimbi engagqwali zisebenza ngokuthembekile ezindaweni ezinolaka futhi zihlangabezana nezindinganiso zomshini.

---

Ukulawulwa Kwekhwalithi Ekwelapheni Ukushisa

At sakysteel, Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwensimbi engagqwali kwenziwa ezithandweni ezilawulwayo:

• Ukuqapha izinga lokushisa okunembile

• Ukulandelela i-Thermocouplengezingcezu ezinkulu

• Ukuhambisana nezindinganiso ze-ASTM A276, A182, A564

• Ukuhlolwa kwangemva kokwelashwaokuhlanganisa ubulukhuni, ukuqina, nokuhlaziywa kwe-metallographic

• I-EN 10204 3.1/3.2 isitifiketingesicelo

---

Izicelo ze-Heat Treated Stainless Steel Forgings

• Ama-Flanges nama-Fittings: Isixazululo sinqanyuliwe noma sijwayelekile

• Ama-Shafts kanye ne-Valve Components: Iqinile futhi ithukuthele

• Izindlu Pump: Ukucindezeleka kuphelile

• Izingxenye ze-Aerospace: Imvula iqinile

• Imikhumbi Yokucindezela: Kufakwe futhi kuhlolwe kumazinga we-ASME

sakysteelisebenzela amakhasimende ekuphehleni amandla, olwandle, okokudla, uwoyela negesi, nokunye.

---

Isiphetho

Ukwelashwa kokushisa kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekukhiqizeniinsimbi engagqwali forgings, okuvumela ukulawula okunembile phezu kwamandla emishini, ukumelana nokugqwala, nesakhiwo sangaphakathi. Kuye nge-alloy nokusetshenziswa, ukwelashwa kokushisa kungase kuhilele ukucwiliswa kwe-anneal, ukwelashwa kwesisombululo, ukuqina, ukuthambisa, ukukhulula ukucindezeleka, noma ukuguga.

Ngokuqonda iamafomu okwelapha ukushisa ama-forgings ensimbi engagqwali, onjiniyela nabathengi bangacacisa izinqubo ezifanele zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibucayi. Ngosakysteel, sihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo eziphelele zokubumba nezokushisa ezithobela izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokucaciswa kwamakhasimende.