Yiziphi Izindlela Zokwelapha Ukushisa Kwezinto Zokubumba Insimbi Engagqwali?

Ibanga Lensimbi Engagqwali	Uhlobo	Ukusetshenziswa Okuvamile	Ukwelashwa Okuvamile Kokushisa
304 / 304L	I-Austenitic	Ukudla, amakhemikhali, olwandle	Ukufakwa kwesisombululo
316 / 316L	I-Austenitic	Amakhemikhali, asolwandle, imithi	Ukufakwa kwesisombululo
410/420	I-Martensitic	Amavalvu, izingxenye ze-turbine	Ukuqinisa + Ukushisa
430	I-Ferritic	Ukuhlobisa izimoto, izinto zikagesi	Ukufakwa kwe-Annealing
17-4PH	Imvula Enzima.	Izindiza, i-nyukliya	Ukuguga (imvula)

Amafomu Okwelapha Ukushisa Kwezinto Zokubumba Insimbi Engagqwali

1. Ukufakwa kwe-Annealing

Inhloso:

• Nciphisa ubulukhuni futhi uthuthukise ukuguquguquka

• Ukuqeda ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi

• Cwenga isakhiwo sokusanhlamvu

Inqubo:

• Shisa kuze kufike ekushiseni okuthile (800–1100°C kuye ngebanga)

• Bamba isikhathi esibekiwe

• Phola kancane, ngokuvamile esithandweni somlilo

Kusetshenziswe Ku-:

• I-Ferritic (430)futhii-martensitic (410, 420)amamaki

• Ukuthambisa ngemva kokusebenza okubandayo

• Ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwemishini

i-sakysteelinikeza izinsizakalo zokulawula ukubopha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isakhiwo esincane esifanayo kanye nobumnene obuhle kakhulu bokusebenza ngomshini.

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2. Ukwelashwa Ngesixazululo (Ukwelashwa Ngesixazululo)

Inhloso:

• Ncibilikisa ama-carbide nama-precipitate

• Buyisela ukumelana nokugqwala

• Finyelela isakhiwo se-austenitic esifanayo

Inqubo:

• Shisa kufike ku-~1040–1120°C

• Ukucima ngokushesha emanzini noma emoyeni ukuze kuqande isakhiwo

Kusetshenziswe Ku-:

• Izinsimbi ezingenasici zase-Austenitic(304, 316)

• Kubalulekile ngemva kokushisela noma ukusebenza ngokushisa

• Isusa ama-precipitate e-chromium carbide futhi ibuyisele ukumelana nokugqwala

i-sakysteeliqinisekisa ukuthi ukuncibilikiswa kwesisombululo kulandelwa ukucinywa ngokushesha ukuze kugwenywe ukuzwela kanye nokugqwala phakathi kwe-granular.

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3. Ukuqinisa (Ukucima)

Inhloso:

• Khulisa amandla nokuqina

• Thuthukisa ukumelana nokuguguleka

Inqubo:

• Shisa izinsimbi ezingagqwali ze-martensitic ku-~950–1050°C

• Bamba ukuze uqinise isakhiwo

• Ukucima okusheshayo ku-oyili noma emoyeni

Kusetshenziswe Ku-:

• Izinsimbi ezingenasici ze-Martensitic(410, 420, 440C)

• Izingxenye ezidinga ubulukhuni obuphezulu bomphezulu (ama-valve, ama-bearings)

Inothi: Izinsimbi ze-Austenitic azikwazi ukuqina ngokwelashwa ngokushisa.

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4. Ukulinganisela

Inhloso:

• Yehlisa ukuphuka ngemva kokuqina

• Khulisa ukuqina

• Lungisa ubulukhuni ngokwezidingo zesicelo

Inqubo:

• Shisa kufike ku-150–600°C ngemva kokuqina

• Linda ihora eli-1-2 kuye ngosayizi wengxenye

• Kupholile emoyeni othule

Kusetshenziswe Ku-:

• Izinsimbi ezingenasici ze-Martensitic

• Ngokuvamile kuhlanganiswa nokuqina enkambisweni yezinyathelo ezimbili

i-sakysteelilawula imijikelezo yokushisa ngokunembile ukuze ifane nemininingwane yemishini yeqoqo ngalinye.

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5. Ukuqina Kwemvula (Ukuguga)

Inhloso:

• Qinisa ngokwakhiwa kwe-precipitate encane

• Finyelela amandla aphezulu okukhiqiza ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka ngokweqile

Inqubo:

• Ukwelapha isixazululo ku-~1040°C bese ucima

• Ubudala ku-480–620°C amahora amaningana

Kusetshenziswe Ku-:

• 17-4PH (UNS S17400)kanye nama-alloy afanayo

• Izakhi zezindiza, zenyukliya, kanye nezamandla aphezulu

Izinzuzo:

• Isilinganiso esihle kakhulu samandla nesisindo

• Ukumelana okuhle kokugqwala

• Ukuphambuka okuncane uma kuqhathaniswa nokuqina kwe-martensitic

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6. Ukuqeda Ukucindezeleka

Inhloso:

• Susa ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi okubangelwa ukugaya, ukuhlanganisa, noma ukushisela

• Vimbela izinguquko zobukhulu ngesikhathi sesevisi

Inqubo:

• Shisa kufike ku-300–600°C

• Bamba isikhathi esithile

• Phola kancane

Kusetshenziswe Ku-:

• Izingxenye ezinkulu ezibunjiwe

• Izingxenye ezenziwe ngomshini oqondile

i-sakysteelinikeza izixazululo zokwenza ngokwezifiso zokunciphisa ukucindezeleka ukuze kulondolozwe ukuzinza okukhulu kwezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi.

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7. Ukulungisa (Akuvamile kakhulu ensimbi engagqwali)

Inhloso:

• Hlunga usayizi wokusanhlamvu

• Thuthukisa ukufana kwesakhiwo kanye nezakhiwo

Inqubo:

• Ukushisa kufike ezingeni lokushisa elingaphezu kokuguqulwa

• Umoya upholile kuze kufike ekushiseni kwegumbi

Kusetshenziswe Ku-:

• Ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa ezinsimbini ze-carbon kanye ne-alloy

• Ngezinye izikhathi kufakwa ezinsimbini ezingagqwali ze-ferritic

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Izici Ezithonya Ukukhethwa Kokwelashwa Kokushisa

• Ibanga lensimbi engagqwali

• Izinga lokushisa lesevisi kanye nezimo

• Izidingo zokumelana nokugqwala

• Izakhiwo zemishini ezifiselekayo

• Usayizi wengxenye kanye nesimo

• Izinyathelo zangemva kokucubungula (ukushisela, ukukhanda)

Ukwelashwa okushisa okufanele kuqinisekisa ukuthi izinsimbi zensimbi engagqwali zisebenza ngokwethembeka ezindaweni ezinolaka futhi zihlangabezana nezindinganiso zemishini.

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Ukulawulwa Kwekhwalithi Ekuphathweni Kokushisa

At i-sakysteel, ukwelashwa ngokushisa kwezinsimbi zensimbi engagqwali kwenziwa ezithandweni ezilawulwayo nge:

• Ukuqapha izinga lokushisa okunembile

• Ukulandelela kwe-Thermocouplengezingcezu ezinkulu

• Ukuhambisana nezindinganiso ze-ASTM A276, A182, A564

• Ukuhlolwa kwangemva kokwelashwakufaka phakathi ubulukhuni, ukuqina, kanye nokuhlaziywa kwe-metallographic

• I-EN 10204 3.1/3.2 isitifiketiuma ucela

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Ukusetshenziswa Kwezinsimbi Zensimbi Engagqwali Eziphathwe Ngokushisa

• Ama-Flanges kanye nokufakwa: Isixazululo sivaliwe noma sijwayelekile

• Izingxenye ze-Shafts kanye ne-Valve: Kuqiniswe futhi kuthambile

• Izindlu Zokuphampa: Ukucindezeleka kuncishisiwe

• Izingxenye Zezindiza: Imvula iqinisiwe

• Imikhumbi Yokucindezela: Kufakwe futhi kwahlolwa ngokwezindinganiso ze-ASME

i-sakysteelikhonza amakhasimende ngokukhiqiza ugesi, olwandle, imishini yokudla, uwoyela negesi, nokuningi.

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Isiphetho

Ukwelashwa ngokushisa kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekukhiqizweniizinsimbi zensimbi engagqwali, okuvumela ukulawula okunembile amandla omshini, ukumelana nokugqwala, kanye nesakhiwo sangaphakathi. Kuye nge-alloy kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo, ukwelashwa ngokushisa kungabandakanya ukunamathela, ukwelashwa ngesisombululo, ukuqina, ukufudumala, ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka, noma ukuguga.

Ngokuqondaamafomu okwelapha ukushisa okufakelwa insimbi engagqwali, onjiniyela nabathengi bangacacisa izinqubo ezifanele zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile.i-sakysteel, sinikeza izinsizakalo eziphelele zokulungisa nokushisa ezihambisana nezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke kanye nezincazelo zamakhasimende.