Ziziphi iiFomu zokuNyanga ubushushu kwiiForgings zeNtsimbi engaGciniyo?

Ibanga leNtsimbi engagqwaliyo	Uhlobo	Ukusetyenziswa Okuqhelekileyo	Unyango oluqhelekileyo lobushushu
304 / 304L	I-Austenitic	Ukutya, iikhemikhali, izinto zaselwandle	Ukucoca isisombululo
316 / 316L	I-Austenitic	Iikhemikhali, ezolwandle, ezamayeza	Ukucoca isisombululo
410/420	I-Martensitic	Iivalvu, iindawo ze-turbine	Ukuqina + Ukulinganisela
430	I-Ferritic	Ukuhlobisa iimoto, izixhobo	Ukuqokelela
17-4PH	Imvula inzima.	I-Aerospace, inyukliya	Ukwaluphala (imvula)

Iifom Zonyango Lobushushu Kwizinto Zokubumba Ngentsimbi Engagqwaliyo

1. Ukuqokelela

Injongo:

• Nciphisa ubulukhuni kwaye uphucule ukuguguleka

• Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi

• Cocisa isakhiwo sengqolowa

Inkqubo:

• Fudumeza ukuya kubushushu obuthile (800–1100°C kuxhomekeke kudidi)

• Bamba ixesha elibekiweyo

• Phola kancinci, ngesiqhelo kwi-oven

Isetyenziselwe:

• I-Ferritic (430)kwayei-martensitic (410, 420)amabakala

• Ukuthambisa emva kokusebenza ngokubandayo

• Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle koomatshini

i-sakysteelibonelela ngeenkonzo zokunciphisa ubushushu ezilawulwayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ulwakhiwo olufanayo kunye nokuthamba okufanelekileyo koomatshini bokuchwetheza.

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2. I-Annealing yeSolution (Unyango lweSolution)

Injongo:

• Nyibilikisa ii-carbides kunye ne-precipitates

• Buyisela ukuxhathisa ukugqwala

• Fumana isakhiwo se-austenitic esifanayo

Inkqubo:

• Fudumeza ukuya kuthi ga kwi ~1040–1120°C

• Ukucima ngokukhawuleza emanzini okanye emoyeni ukuze kuqande isakhiwo

Isetyenziselwe:

• Iintsimbi ezingenasici zase-Austenitic(304, 316)

• Kubalulekile emva kokuwelda okanye ukusebenza ngobushushu

• Isusa ii-precipitates ze-chromium carbide kwaye ibuyisela ukumelana nokugqwala

i-sakysteeliqinisekisa ukuba ukutsalwa kwesisombululo kulandelwa kukucima kwangoko ukuze kuthintelwe ukurhawuzelelwa kunye nokugqwala phakathi kweegranular.

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3. Ukuqinisa (Ukucima)

Injongo:

• Yandisa amandla kunye nobunzima

• Phucula ukumelana nokuguguleka

Inkqubo:

• Fudumeza iintsimbi ezingenasici ze-martensitic ukuya kuthi ga kwi ~950–1050°C

• Bamba ukuze uqinise isakhiwo

• Ukucima ngokukhawuleza kwioyile okanye emoyeni

Isetyenziselwe:

• Iintsimbi ezingenasici zeMartensitic(410, 420, 440C)

• Izinto ezifuna ubulukhuni obuphezulu bomphezulu (iivalvu, iibheringi)

PhawulaIintsimbi ze-Austenitic azinakuqina ngonyango lobushushu.

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4. Ukunciphisa

Injongo:

• Nciphisa ubuqhophololo emva kokuqina

• Yandisa ukuqina

• Lungisa ubulukhuni ngokweemfuno zesicelo

Inkqubo:

• Fudumeza ukuya kuthi ga kwi-150–600°C emva kokuqina

• Linda iyure e-1–2 kuxhomekeke kubungakanani benxalenye

• Kupholile emoyeni othuleyo

Isetyenziselwe:

• Iintsimbi ezingenasici zeMartensitic

• Idla ngokudityaniswa nokuqina kwenkqubo enamanyathelo amabini

i-sakysteelilawula imijikelo yokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo ukuze ihambelane neenkcukacha zoomatshini zebhetshi nganye.

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5. Ukuqina kwemvula (Ukwaluphala)

Injongo:

• Qinisa ngokwakhiwa kwe-precipitate encinci

• Fumana amandla aphezulu okuvelisa ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kakhulu

Inkqubo:

• Unyango lwesisombululo kwi ~1040°C uze ucime

• Ubudala kwi-480–620°C kangangeeyure ezininzi

Isetyenziselwe:

• 17-4PH (UNS S17400)kunye nee-alloys ezifanayo

• Izinto ze-aerospace, zenyukliya, kunye nezixhobo ezinamandla aphezulu

Iinzuzo:

• Umlinganiselo ogqwesileyo wamandla nobunzima

• Ukumelana okuhle nokugqwala

• Ukuphazamiseka okuncinci xa kuthelekiswa nokuqina kwe-martensitic

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6. Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo

Injongo:

• Susa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi olubangelwa kukusebenza ngomatshini, ukubumba, okanye ukuwelda

• Nqanda utshintsho olukhulu ngexesha lenkonzo

Inkqubo:

• Fudumeza ukuya kuthi ga kwi-300–600°C

• Bamba ixesha elithile

• Phola kancinci

Isetyenziselwe:

• Iindawo ezinkulu ezenziwe ngobumba

• Izixhobo ezenziwe ngomatshini ochanekileyo

i-sakysteelIbonelela ngezisombululo zokunciphisa uxinzelelo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ukugcina uzinzo olulinganayo lwezixhobo ezintsonkothileyo.

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7. Ukulungisa izinto zibe zesiqhelo (Ayixhaphakanga kakhulu kwintsimbi engagqwaliyo)

Injongo:

• Cocisa ubungakanani bengqolowa

• Phucula ukufana kwesakhiwo kunye neepropati

Inkqubo:

• Ubushushu obungaphezulu kobushushu boguquko

• Umoya opholileyo ukuya kubushushu begumbi

Isetyenziselwe:

• Isetyenziswa rhoqo kwiintsimbi zekhabhoni kunye ne-alloy

• Ngamanye amaxesha isetyenziswa kwiintsimbi ezingenasici ze-ferritic

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Izinto Ezichaphazela Ukukhethwa Konyango Lobushushu

• Ibanga lentsimbi engenasici

• Ubushushu benkonzo kunye neemeko

• Iimfuneko zokumelana nokugqwala

• Iipropati zoomatshini ezifunekayo

• Ubungakanani becandelo kunye nemilo

• Amanyathelo emva kokucubungula (ukuwelda, umatshini wokulungisa)

Unyango olufanelekileyo lobushushu luqinisekisa ukuba izinto ezifakelweyo zentsimbi engagqwaliyo zisebenza ngokuthembekileyo kwiindawo ezirhabaxa kwaye ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho yoomatshini.

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Ulawulo loMgangatho kuNyango loBushushu

At i-sakysteel, unyango lobushushu lwe-stainless steel forgings lwenziwa kwii-oven ezilawulwayo nge:

• Ukubeka iliso elichanekileyo lobushushu

• Ukulandelela i-thermocouplengeziqwenga ezinkulu

• Ukuthobela imigangatho ye-ASTM A276, A182, A564

• Uvavanyo emva konyangokubandakanya ubulukhuni, ukuxinana, kunye nohlalutyo lwe-metallographic

• EN 10204 3.1/3.2 isiqinisekisongesicelo

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Usetyenziso lwe-Heat Treated Stainless Steel Forgings

• Iiflanges kunye neZilinganisiIsisombululo sifakwe okanye silungisiwe

• Iinxalenye zeShafts kunye neValve: Iqiniswe kwaye ithambile

• Iipompu zezindlu: Uxinzelelo luncitshisiwe

• Iinxalenye zeenqwelo-moya: Imvula iqinisiwe

• Iinqanawa zoxinzelelo: Ifakwe kwaye yavavanywa ngokwemigangatho ye-ASME

i-sakysteelinceda abathengi ngokuvelisa umbane, izixhobo zaselwandle, ukutya, ioyile kunye negesi, nokunye.

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Isiphelo

Unyango lobushushu linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekuvelisweniizinto zokufakelwa zentsimbi engagqwaliyo, okuvumela ulawulo oluchanekileyo kumandla oomatshini, ukumelana nokugqwala, kunye nolwakhiwo lwangaphakathi. Ngokuxhomekeke kwi-alloy kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo, unyango lobushushu lunokubandakanya ukuqhoboshelwa, unyango lwesisombululo, ukuqina, ukufudumala, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo, okanye ukwaluphala.

Ngokuqondaiifom zonyango lobushushu kwii-forgings zentsimbi engagqwaliyo, iinjineli kunye nabathengi banokuchaza iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo.i-sakysteel, sinikezela ngeenkonzo ezipheleleyo zokubumba kunye nonyango lobushushu ezihambelana nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe kunye neenkcukacha zabathengi.