Ⅰ. Kodi kuyesa kosawononga n'chiyani?
Kawirikawiri, kuyesa kosawononga kumagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a phokoso, kuwala, magetsi ndi maginito kuti azindikire malo, kukula, kuchuluka, mtundu ndi zina zokhudzana ndi zolakwika zapafupi kapena zamkati pamwamba pa chinthucho popanda kuwononga chinthucho chokha. Kuyesa kosawononga cholinga chake ndi kuzindikira momwe zinthu zilili, kuphatikizapo ngati zili zoyenerera kapena zili ndi moyo wotsala, popanda kukhudza magwiridwe antchito amtsogolo a zinthuzo. Njira zodziwika bwino zoyesera zosawononga zimaphatikizapo mayeso a ultrasound, mayeso a electromagnetic, ndi mayeso a tinthu ta maginito, pakati pawo Ultrasonic Test ndi imodzi mwa njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Ⅱ. Njira zisanu zodziwika bwino zoyesera zosawononga:
1.Tanthauzo la Mayeso a Ultrasonic
Mayeso a Ultrasonic ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a mafunde a ultrasound kuti ifalikire ndikuwunikira muzinthu kuti izindikire zolakwika zamkati kapena zinthu zakunja muzinthu. Imatha kuzindikira zolakwika zosiyanasiyana, monga ming'alu, ma pores, zosakaniza, kumasuka, ndi zina zotero. Kuzindikira zolakwika za Ultrasonic ndikoyenera pazinthu zosiyanasiyana, ndipo kumathanso kuzindikira makulidwe azinthu, monga zitsulo, zosakhala zitsulo, zinthu zophatikizika, ndi zina zotero. Ndi njira imodzi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyesa kosawononga.
Nchifukwa chiyani mbale zokhuthala zachitsulo, mapaipi okhala ndi makoma okhuthala ndi mipiringidzo yozungulira yokulirapo ndi yoyenera kwambiri poyesa UT?
① Ngati makulidwe a zinthuzo ndi akulu, kuthekera kwa zolakwika zamkati monga ma pores ndi ming'alu kudzawonjezeka moyenerera.
②Zopangira zinthu zimapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yopangira zinthu, zomwe zingayambitse zolakwika monga ma pores, ma inclusions, ndi ming'alu mkati mwa zinthuzo.
③Mapaipi okhala ndi makoma okhuthala ndi ndodo zozungulira zazikulu nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mapangidwe ovuta aukadaulo kapena m'malo omwe ali ndi kupsinjika kwakukulu. Mayeso a UT amatha kulowa mkati mwa zinthuzo ndikupeza zolakwika zamkati, monga ming'alu, zophatikizika, ndi zina zotero, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti nyumbayo ikhale yolimba komanso yotetezeka.
2. Tanthauzo la mayeso olowera
Zochitika zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa mayeso a UT ndi mayeso a PT
Mayeso a UT ndi oyenera kuzindikira zolakwika zamkati mwa zinthu monga ma pores, zosakaniza, ming'alu, ndi zina zotero. Mayeso a UT amatha kulowa mkati mwa zinthuzo ndikupeza zolakwika mkati mwa zinthuzo potulutsa mafunde a ultrasonic ndikulandira zizindikiro zowunikira.
Mayeso a PT ndi oyenera kuzindikira zolakwika pamwamba pa zinthu monga ma pores, zosakaniza, ming'alu, ndi zina zotero. Mayeso a PT amadalira kulowa kwa madzi m'ming'alu pamwamba kapena zolakwika ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito wopanga utoto kuti awonetse malo ndi mawonekedwe a zolakwikazo.
Mayeso a UT ndi mayeso a PT ali ndi ubwino ndi kuipa kwawo pakugwiritsa ntchito. Sankhani njira yoyenera yoyesera malinga ndi zosowa zosiyanasiyana zoyesera komanso mawonekedwe azinthu kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino zoyesera.
3. Mayeso a Eddy Current
(1) Chiyambi cha Mayeso a ET
ET Test imagwiritsa ntchito mfundo ya electromagnetic induction kuti ibweretse coil yoyesera yonyamula ma current alternating current pafupi ndi conductor workpiece kuti ipange ma eddy currents. Kutengera ndi kusintha kwa ma eddy currents, makhalidwe ndi momwe workpiece ilili zitha kuganiziridwa.
（2）Ubwino wa Mayeso a ET
Mayeso a ET safuna kukhudzana ndi chogwirira ntchito kapena sing'anga, liwiro lozindikira ndi lachangu kwambiri, ndipo amatha kuyesa zinthu zopanda chitsulo zomwe zingayambitse mafunde a eddy, monga graphite.
（3）Zolepheretsa za Mayeso a ET
Imatha kuzindikira zolakwika pamwamba pa zinthu zoyendetsera magetsi zokha. Mukagwiritsa ntchito coil yodutsa pa ET, sizingatheke kudziwa malo enieni a cholakwikacho kuzungulira.
(4) Ndalama ndi maubwino
Mayeso a ET ali ndi zida zosavuta komanso ntchito yosavuta. Sizimafuna maphunziro ovuta ndipo zimatha kuchita mayeso enieni mwachangu pamalopo.
Mfundo yaikulu ya mayeso a PT: pambuyo poti pamwamba pa gawolo papakidwa utoto wa fluorescent kapena utoto wamtundu, cholowacho chimatha kulowa m'magawo otseguka pamwamba pa nthawi ya ntchito ya capillary; pambuyo pochotsa cholowacho chochulukirapo pamwamba pa gawolo, gawolo likhoza kuyikidwa pamwamba. Mofananamo, pansi pa ntchito ya capillary, wopanga adzakopa cholowacho chomwe chasungidwa mu chilema, ndipo cholowacho chidzabwerera mkati mwa wopanga. Pansi pa gwero linalake la kuwala (kuwala kwa ultraviolet kapena kuwala koyera), zizindikiro za cholowacho pa chilemacho zidzawonetsedwa. , (kuwala kwachikasu-kobiriwira kapena kofiira kowala), potero kuzindikira mawonekedwe ndi kufalikira kwa zilema.
4. Kuyesa Tinthu ta Magnetic
Kuyesa Tinthu ta Magnetic" ndi njira yoyesera yosawononga yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pozindikira zolakwika pamwamba ndi pafupi ndi pamwamba pa zinthu zoyendetsera magetsi, makamaka pozindikira ming'alu. Imachokera pa yankho lapadera la tinthu ta maginito ku mphamvu zamaginito, zomwe zimathandiza kuzindikira bwino zolakwika za pansi pa nthaka.
5. KUYESA KWA RADIOGRAPHIC
（1） Chiyambi cha Mayeso a RT
Ma X-ray ndi mafunde amagetsi okhala ndi ma frequency apamwamba kwambiri, kutalika kwa nthawi yochepa kwambiri, komanso mphamvu zambiri. Amatha kulowa m'zinthu zomwe kuwala kooneka sikungalowe, ndipo amatha kuchita zinthu zovuta panthawi yolowera.
（2）Ubwino wa Mayeso a RT
Mayeso a RT angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuzindikira zolakwika zamkati mwa zinthu monga ma pores, ming'alu yophatikizidwa, ndi zina zotero, ndipo angagwiritsidwenso ntchito kuwunika umphumphu wa kapangidwe kake ndi mtundu wamkati wa zinthuzo.
（3）Mfundo ya mayeso a RT
Mayeso a RT amazindikira zolakwika mkati mwa chinthucho potulutsa ma X-ray ndikulandira zizindikiro zowunikira. Pazinthu zokhuthala, mayeso a UT ndi njira yothandiza.
（4）Zolepheretsa za Mayeso a RT
Mayeso a RT ali ndi zofooka zina. Chifukwa cha kutalika kwa nthawi ndi mphamvu zake, ma X-ray sangalowe m'zinthu zina, monga lead, chitsulo, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, ndi zina zotero.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-12-2024