Ⅰ. Yintoni uvavanyo olungatshabalalisiyo?
Ngokubanzi, uvavanyo olungatshabalalisiyo lusebenzisa iimpawu zesandi, ukukhanya, umbane kunye nemagnetism ukufumanisa indawo, ubungakanani, ubungakanani, uhlobo kunye nolunye ulwazi oluhambelanayo lweziphene ezikufutshane okanye zangaphakathi kumphezulu wezinto ngaphandle kokonakalisa izinto ngokwazo. Uvavanyo olungatshabalalisiyo lujolise ekufumaneni imeko yobugcisa yezinto, kubandakanya nokuba zifanelekile na okanye zisenexesha eliseleyo lenkonzo, ngaphandle kokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwezinto kwixesha elizayo. Iindlela zovavanyo ezingatshabalalisiyo ziquka uvavanyo lwe-ultrasonic, uvavanyo lwe-electromagnetic, kunye novavanyo lwe-magnetic particle, phakathi kwazo i-Ultrasonic Test yenye yezona ndlela zisetyenziswa kakhulu.
Ⅱ. Iindlela ezintlanu eziqhelekileyo zokuvavanya ezingatshabalalisiyo:
1.Inkcazo yoVavanyo lwe-Ultrasonic
Uvavanyo lwe-Ultrasonic yindlela esebenzisa iimpawu zamaza e-ultrasonic ukusasaza nokubonakalisa kwizinto ukuze kufunyanwe iziphene zangaphakathi okanye izinto zangaphandle kwizinto. Ingafumanisa iziphene ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngokuqhekeka, iimbobo, izinto ezifakiweyo, ukuyekelela, njl. Ukufunyanwa kweziphene ze-Ultrasonic kufanelekile kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ikwafumanisa nobukhulu bezinto, ezifana neesinyithi, ezingezizo iisinyithi, izinto ezidityanisiweyo, njl. Yenye yezona ndlela zisetyenziswa kakhulu kuvavanyo olungonakalisiyo.
Kutheni iipleyiti zentsimbi ezityebileyo, iipayipi ezixineneyo kunye neebhari ezijikelezileyo ezinobubanzi obukhulu zifanelekile ngakumbi kuvavanyo lwe-UT?
① Xa ubukhulu bezinto bukhulu, amathuba okuba kubekho iziphene zangaphakathi ezifana neembobo kunye nemifantu aya kwanda ngokufanelekileyo.
②Ii-Forgings zenziwa ngenkqubo yokubumba, enokubangela iziphene ezifana neembobo, ukugquma, kunye nemingxunya ngaphakathi kwezinto.
③Iipayipi ezinodonga oluqinileyo kunye neentonga ezijikelezileyo ezinobubanzi obukhulu zihlala zisetyenziswa kwizakhiwo zobunjineli ezifuna amandla okanye kwiimeko ezinoxinzelelo olukhulu. Uvavanyo lwe-UT lunokungena nzulu kwizinto kwaye lufumane iziphene zangaphakathi ezinokubakho, ezinje ngeentanda, izinto ezifakiweyo, njl.njl., nto leyo ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuthembeka nokhuseleko lwesakhiwo.
2. Inkcazelo yovavanyo lokungenela
Iimeko ezifanelekileyo zovavanyo lwe-UT kunye novavanyo lwe-PT
Uvavanyo lwe-UT lufanelekile ekufumaneni iziphene zangaphakathi zezinto, ezinje ngeembobo, izinto ezifakiweyo, imifantu, njl. Uvavanyo lwe-UT lunokungena kubukhulu bezinto kwaye lubone iziphene ngaphakathi kwezinto ngokukhupha amaza e-ultrasonic kunye nokufumana imiqondiso ebonisiweyo.
Uvavanyo lwe-PT lufanelekile ekufumaneni iziphene zomphezulu wezinto, ezinje ngeembobo, izinto ezifakiweyo, imifantu, njl. Uvavanyo lwe-PT luxhomekeke ekungeneni kolwelo kwiimfantu zomphezulu okanye iziphene kwaye lusebenzisa umphuhlisi wombala ukubonisa indawo kunye nemilo yeziphene.
Uvavanyo lwe-UT kunye novavanyo lwe-PT zinezibonelelo kunye neengxaki zazo kwizicelo ezisebenzayo. Khetha indlela efanelekileyo yovavanyo ngokweemfuno ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo kunye neempawu zezinto ezibonakalayo ukuze ufumane iziphumo zovavanyo ezingcono.
3. Uvavanyo lwangoku luka-Eddy
（1）Intshayelelo kuvavanyo lwe-ET
I-ET Test isebenzisa umgaqo wokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic ukuzisa ikhoyili yovavanyo ethwala umsinga otshintshanayo kufutshane nesixhobo sokuqhuba ukuze kuveliswe imisinga ye-eddy. Ngokusekelwe kutshintsho kwimisinga ye-eddy, iipropati kunye nemeko yesi sixhobo somsebenzi zinokuqikelelwa.
（2）Iingenelo zoVavanyo lwe-ET
Uvavanyo lwe-ET aludingi kudibana nesixhobo somsebenzi okanye isixhobo sombane, isantya sokufumanisa sikhawuleza kakhulu, kwaye lunokuvavanya izinto ezingezizo ezesinyithi ezinokubangela imisinga ye-eddy, efana ne-graphite.
（3）Imida yoVavanyo lwe-ET
Ingabona kuphela iziphene zomphezulu wezinto eziqhuba umbane. Xa usebenzisa i-coil yohlobo lwe-through-type kwi-ET, akunakwenzeka ukufumanisa indawo ethile yesiphene kumjikelezo.
（4）Iindleko kunye neenzuzo
Uvavanyo lwe-ET lunezixhobo ezilula kunye nokusebenza okulula. Aludingi qeqesho lunzima kwaye lunokwenza uvavanyo lwexesha langempela ngokukhawuleza kwindawo.
Umgaqo osisiseko wovavanyo lwe-PT: emva kokuba umphezulu wenxalenye ugqunywe ngedayi ye-fluorescent okanye idayi enemibala, i-penetrant ingangena kwiziphene zokuvula umphezulu phantsi kwexesha lesenzo se-capillary; emva kokususa i-penetrant engaphezulu kumphezulu wenxalenye, inxalenye ingafakwa kwi-developer kumphezulu. Ngokufanayo, phantsi kwesenzo se-capillary, umphuhlisi uya kutsala i-penetrant egcinwe kwi-defect, kwaye i-penetrant iya kungena kwakhona kwi-developer. Phantsi komthombo othile wokukhanya (ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet okanye ukukhanya okumhlophe), imikhondo ye-penetrant kwi-defect iya kuboniswa. , (i-fluorescence etyheli-eluhlaza okanye ebomvu eqaqambileyo), ngaloo ndlela ifumanisa imo kunye nokusasazwa kweziphene.
4. Uvavanyo lweMagnetic Particle
Uvavanyo lweMagnetic Particle" yindlela yovavanyo engasetyenziswayo rhoqo yokufumanisa iziphene zomphezulu kunye neziphako ezikufutshane nomphezulu kwizinto eziqhuba umoya, ingakumbi ekufumaneni imifantu. Isekelwe kwimpendulo eyahlukileyo yamasuntswana emagnethi kwi-magnetic fields, evumela ukubonwa ngokufanelekileyo kweziphene ezingaphantsi komphezulu.
5. UVAVANYO LWE-RADIOGRAPHIC
（1）Intshayelelo kuvavanyo lwe-RT
Ii-X-reyi ngamaza e-electromagnetic ane-frequency ephezulu kakhulu, ubude obufutshane kakhulu, kunye namandla aphezulu. Angangena kwizinto ezingenakungena kukukhanya okubonakalayo, kwaye enze ii-reactions ezinzima kunye nezinto ngexesha lenkqubo yokungena.
（2）Iingenelo zoVavanyo lwe-RT
Uvavanyo lwe-RT lungasetyenziselwa ukubona iziphene zangaphakathi zezinto, ezinje ngeembobo, imifantu yokufakwa, njl.njl., kwaye lungasetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukuthembeka kwesakhiwo kunye nomgangatho wangaphakathi wezinto.
（3）Umgaqo wovavanyo lwe-RT
Uvavanyo lwe-RT lubona iziphene ngaphakathi kwezinto ngokukhupha ii-X-ray kunye nokufumana imiqondiso ebonakalisiweyo. Kwizinto ezityebileyo, uvavanyo lwe-UT luyindlela esebenzayo.
（4）Imida yoVavanyo lwe-RT
Uvavanyo lwe-RT lunemida ethile. Ngenxa yobude bayo be-wavelength kunye neempawu zamandla, ii-X-ray azikwazi ukungena kwizinto ezithile, ezifana ne-lead, i-iron, i-stainless steel, njl.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Epreli-12-2024