Yadda Ake Bincika Kayan Karɓar Raw: Cikakken Jagora

Ƙirƙira wani muhimmin tsari ne na ƙirƙira ƙarfe da ake amfani da shi don kera manyan abubuwan haɗin gwiwa don masana'antu kamar sararin samaniya, kera motoci, mai da iskar gas, makamashi, da injuna. Aiki da amincin ɓangarorin ƙirƙira sun dogara da yawaingancin albarkatun kasaamfani. Duk wani rashin daidaituwa a cikin abubuwan sinadaran, tsabta, ko tsari na iya haifar da lahani yayin ƙirƙira ko gazawar sabis.

Don tabbatar da ingancin samfur da bin ka'idodin abokin ciniki da na duniya, yana da mahimmanci a aiwatarm dubawa da gwajina ƙirƙira albarkatun ƙasa. A cikin wannan labarin, mun bincikayadda ake duba kayan jabu, mahimman hanyoyin da aka haɗa, ma'auni na masana'antu, da mafi kyawun ayyuka don gano abu da takaddun shaida. Ko kai babban sifeto ne, manajan siye, ko injiniyan jabu, wannan jagorar zai taimake ka inganta tsarin sarrafa kayanka.

Menene Ƙirƙirar Raw Materials?

Ƙirƙirar albarkatun ƙasa suna nuni zuwa gakarfe shigarwar- yawanci a cikin nau'i na billet, ingots, sanduna, ko furanni - ana amfani da su don samar da sassa na jabu. Waɗannan kayan na iya zama:

• Karfe Karfe

• Alloy karfe

• Bakin karfe

• Alloys na tushen nickel

• Titanium alloys

• Aluminum gami

Kowane abu dole ne ya dace da ƙayyadaddun sinadarai, injiniyoyi, da ma'aunin ƙarfe don tabbatar da nasarar ƙirƙira da aikin samfur.

sakysteelyana samar da ingantattun kayan ƙirƙira tare da cikakkun takaddun niƙa, ganowa, da sarrafa inganci don saduwa da ƙayyadaddun abokan ciniki a cikin kasuwannin duniya.

Me yasa Binciken Raw Material Yana da Muhimmanci?

Bincika ƙirƙira albarkatun ƙasa yana tabbatar da:

• Daidaitaccen darajar kayan abu da abun da ke ciki

• Yarda da ka'idoji (ASTM, EN, DIN, JIS)

• Lafiyar ciki da tsabta

• Abun ganowa don tantancewa da tabbatar da abokin ciniki

• Rigakafin ƙirƙira lahani (fatsawa, porosity, abubuwan da ba na ƙarfe ba)

Ba tare da ingantaccen bincike ba, haɗarin samfuran da ba su dace ba, rushewar tsari, da gunaguni na abokin ciniki yana ƙaruwa sosai.

Jagoran mataki-mataki don Duba Ƙarfafa Raw Materials

1. Tabbatar da Takardun Sayi da Takaddun Gwajin Mill (MTC)

Mataki na farko shine tabbatar da takaddun kayan:

• MTC (Takaddar Gwajin Mill): Ya haɗa da abun da ke tattare da sinadarai, kaddarorin injina, yanayin kula da zafi, da ƙa'idodi.

• Nau'in Takaddun shaida: Tabbatar ya daceEN10204 3.1 or 3.2idan ana buƙatar tabbaci na ɓangare na uku.

• Lambar Heat & Batch ID: Dole ne a iya gano shi zuwa kayan jiki.

sakysteelyana ba da duk kayan aikin ƙirƙira tare da cikakkun MTCs da zaɓuɓɓukan dubawa na ɓangare na uku don ayyuka masu mahimmanci.

2. Duban gani

Bayan karɓar albarkatun ƙasa, yi duban gani don gano:

• Lalacewar saman (fatsa, rami, tsatsa, sikeli, laminations)

• Nakasawa ko warping

• Lakabi mara cika ko bacewar tags

Yi alama kuma ware duk wani abu wanda bai cika ka'idojin karɓa ba. Binciken gani yana taimakawa hana shigar da kuskure shiga tsarin ƙirƙira.

3. Binciken Haɗin Halitta

Don tabbatar da cewa kayan sun yi daidai da matakin da ake buƙata, yinazarin abubuwan sinadaranamfani da:

• Spectroscopy na gani Emission Spectroscopy (OES): Don tabbatarwa cikin sauri da daidaito akan shafin

• X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF): Ya dace da saurin gano alloy

• Wet Chemical Analysis: Ƙarin daki-daki, ana amfani da shi don hadaddun gami ko sasantawa

Mabuɗin abubuwan da za a bincika sun haɗa da:

• Carbon, manganese, silicon (don karfe)

• Chromium, nickel, molybdenum (don bakin karfe da gami)

• Titanium, aluminum, vanadium (don Ti alloys)

• Iron, cobalt (don gami da tushen nickel)

Kwatanta sakamakon gwaji tare da daidaitattun ƙayyadaddun bayanai kamarASTM A29, ASTM A182, ko EN 10088.

4. Gwajin Kayayyakin Injini

Wasu aikace-aikacen ƙirƙira masu mahimmanci suna buƙatar bincika kayan aikin injin kafin sarrafawa. Gwaje-gwaje gama-gari sun haɗa da:

• Gwajin tensile: Ƙarfin haɓaka, ƙarfin ƙarfi, elongation

• Gwajin TauriBrinell (HB), Rockwell (HRB/HRC), ko Vickers (HV)

• Gwajin Tasiri (Charpy V-notch): Musamman don aikace-aikacen ƙananan zafin jiki

Ana yin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen akan ɓangarorin gwajin da aka ɗauka daga albarkatun ƙasa ko kamar yadda MTC ta tanadar.

5. Gwajin Ultrasonic (UT) don Lalacewar Ciki

Binciken Ultrasonic hanya ce mara lalacewa da ake amfani da ita don ganowa:

• Tsagewar ciki

• Porosity

• Rage cavities

• Abubuwan da aka haɗa

UT yana da mahimmanci ga sassa masu ƙarfi a cikin sararin samaniya, nukiliya, ko sassan mai da iskar gas. Yana taimaka tabbatar daingancin cikina kayan kafin ƙirƙira.

Ma'auni sun haɗa da:

• ASTM A388don sandunan ƙarfe

• SEP 1921don kayan aiki masu ƙarfi

sakysteelyana gudanar da UT a matsayin wani ɓangare na daidaitaccen tsari na QC don duk sandunan ƙirƙira sama da 50 mm a diamita.

6. Gwajin Macro da Microstructure

Yi kimanta tsarin kayan ta amfani da:

• Gwajin Macroetch: Yana bayyana layukan gudana, rarrabuwa, fasa

• Ƙwararren Ƙwararru: Girman hatsi, ƙimar haɗawa, rarraba lokaci

Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman ga kayan kamar kayan ƙarfe na kayan aiki, inda tsarin hatsi iri ɗaya ke tabbatar da aiki.

Etching da gwajin ƙarfe suna bin ka'idodin ASTM kamarSaukewa: ASTM E381 or Saukewa: ASTM E112.

7. Duban Girma da Nauyi

Tabbatar da girma kamar:

• Diamita ko giciye

• Tsawon

• Nauyi kowane yanki ko kowace mita

Yi amfani da calipers, micrometers, da ma'auni. Haƙuri ya kamata ya dace da:

• EN 10060ga sanduna zagaye

• EN 10058ga lebur sanduna

• EN 10278don madaidaicin sandunan ƙarfe

Madaidaitan girma suna da mahimmanci don ƙirƙira madaidaicin mutun da sarrafa ƙarar abu.

8. Tsabtace Tsabtace da Tsaftace Tsabtace da Tsaftace Tsabtace

Ƙarshen saman ƙasa dole ne ya zama kyauta daga:

• Ma'auni mai yawa

• Tsatsa

• Mai da mai

• Decarburization (asarar carbon surface)

Ana iya bincika ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun abubuwa ta hanyar sassan ƙarfe ko gwajin walƙiya. Ƙarƙashin ƙazanta na iya raunana saman ɓangaren ƙirƙira na ƙarshe.

9. Abun Ganewa da Alama

Dole ne kowane abu ya kasance yana da:

• Share alamun ganowa ko alamun fenti

• Lambar zafi da lambar batch

• Barcode ko QR code (don bin diddigin dijital)

Tabbatar da ganowa dagaalbarkatun kasa don gama ƙirƙira, musamman ga masana'antu masu mahimmanci kamar sararin samaniya, tsaro, da makamashi.

sakysteelyana kula da cikakken ganowa ta hanyar tsarin barcode, haɗin ERP, da takaddun shaida don kowane nau'in zafi.

Matsayin Masana'antu don Binciken Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Ƙasa