Momwe Mungayang'anire Zopangira Zopangira: Buku Lathunthu

Forging ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yopangira zitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zogwira ntchito kwambiri zamafakitale monga zakuthambo, magalimoto, mafuta ndi gasi, mphamvu, ndi makina. Kuchita ndi kudalirika kwa ziwalo zopukutira kumadalira kwambirikhalidwe la zipangizontchito. Kusagwirizana kulikonse pakupanga mankhwala, ukhondo, kapena kapangidwe kake kumatha kubweretsa zolakwika panthawi yachinyengo kapena kulephera muutumiki.

Kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zili bwino komanso kuti zikutsatira miyezo yamakasitomala komanso yapadziko lonse lapansi, ndikofunikira kuchitakuyendera ndi kuyesa kwathunthuya kupangira zida zopangira. M'nkhaniyi, tikufufuzammene fufuzani forging zipangizo, njira zazikulu zomwe zikukhudzidwa, miyezo yamakampani, ndi njira zabwino zotsatirira ndi kutsimikizira. Kaya ndinu woyang'anira wabwino, woyang'anira zogula, kapena mainjiniya opanga, bukhuli likuthandizani kuwongolera njira yanu yowongolera zinthu.

Kodi Forging Raw Materials Ndi Chiyani?

Forging yaiwisi amanena zazolowetsa zitsulo-Nthawi zambiri amakhala ngati ma billets, ting'onoting'ono, mipiringidzo, kapena maluwa - omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga ziwalo zopeka. Zida izi zitha kukhala:

• Chitsulo cha carbon

• Chitsulo chachitsulo

• Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri

• Ma alloys opangidwa ndi nickel

• Titaniyamu aloyi

• Aluminiyamu aloyi

Chilichonse chiyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za mankhwala, zamakina, ndi zitsulo kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti zimapangidwira bwino komanso zimagwira ntchito.

sakysteelimapereka zida zopangira zida zapamwamba kwambiri zokhala ndi ziphaso zonse za mphero, kutsatiridwa, komanso kuwongolera bwino kuti zikwaniritse zomwe makasitomala amafuna pamisika yapadziko lonse lapansi.

N'chifukwa Chiyani Kuyang'anira Zinthu Zopangira Zinthu Ndikofunikira?

Kuyang'ana zopangira zopangira kumatsimikizira:

• Zolondola kalasi ndi kapangidwe

• Kutsata miyezo (ASTM, EN, DIN, JIS)

• Ukhondo wamkati ndi ukhondo

• Kutsatiridwa kwa kafukufuku ndi kutsimikizira kwamakasitomala

• Kupewa zolakwika zopanga (ming'alu, porosity, inclusions zopanda zitsulo)

Popanda kufufuza koyenera, chiopsezo cha zinthu zomwe sizikugwirizana nazo, kusokonezeka kwa ndondomeko, ndi madandaulo a makasitomala kumawonjezeka kwambiri.

Upangiri wapapang'onopang'ono pakuwunika Zopangira Zopangira

1. Tsimikizirani Ma Documents Purchase and Mill Test Certificate (MTC)

Gawo loyamba ndikutsimikizira zolembedwa:

• MTC (Mill Test Certificate): Zimaphatikizapo kapangidwe ka mankhwala, makina amakina, momwe amachiritsira kutentha, ndi miyezo.

• Mtundu wa Chitifiketi: Onetsetsani kuti ikugwirizanaEN10204 3.1 or 3.2ngati chitsimikiziro cha chipani chachitatu chikufunika.

• Nambala Yotentha & ID ya Batch: Ayenera kutsatiridwa ndi zinthu zakuthupi.

sakysteelimapereka zida zonse zopangira ma MTC mwatsatanetsatane komanso njira zowunika za gulu lachitatu pama projekiti ovuta.

2. Kuyang'anira Zowoneka

Mukalandira zopangira, chitani cheke kuti muzindikire:

• Zowonongeka zapamtunda (ming'alu, maenje, dzimbiri, sikelo, zotchingira)

• Deformation kapena kukangana

• Zolemba zosakwanira kapena ma tag osowa

Chongani ndikupatula zinthu zilizonse zomwe sizikukwaniritsa zovomerezeka. Kuyang'ana kowoneka kumathandiza kupewa zolowetsa zolakwika kuti zilowe munjira yopangira.

3. Chemical Composition Analysis

Kuti muwonetsetse kuti zinthuzo zikugwirizana ndi kalasi yofunikira, chitanikusanthula mankhwalakugwiritsa ntchito:

• Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES): Kuti mutsimikizire mwachangu komanso molondola patsamba

• X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF): Oyenera kuzindikirika mwachangu aloyi

• Wet Chemical Analysis: Zambiri, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma alloys ovuta kapena kukangana

Zinthu zofunika kuziwona ndi izi:

• Mpweya, manganese, silicon (wachitsulo)

• Chromium, faifi tambala, molybdenum (zazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi aloyi)

• Titaniyamu, aluminium, vanadium (ya Ti aloyi)

• Iron, cobalt (kwa ma aloyi opangidwa ndi nickel)

Fananizani zotsatira za mayeso ndi zodziwika bwino mongaASTM A29, ASTM A182, kapena EN 10088.

4. Kuyesa Katundu Wamakina

Zina zovuta zopangira zida zimafunikira kuyang'ana kachitidwe kazinthu zopangira musanayambe kukonza. Mayeso wamba ndi awa:

• Kuyesa kwa Tensile: Kutulutsa mphamvu, kulimba kwamphamvu, kutalika

• Kuyesa KuumaBrinell (HB), Rockwell (HRB/HRC), kapena Vickers (HV)

• Kuyesa kwa Impact (Charpy V-notch): Makamaka kwa ofunsira otsika kutentha

Mayesowa nthawi zambiri amachitidwa pazoyeserera zomwe zimatengedwa kuchokera kuzinthu zopangira kapena malinga ndi MTC.

5. Kuyeza kwa Ultrasonic (UT) kwa Zowonongeka Zamkati

Kuyang'anira akupanga ndi njira yosawononga yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira:

• Ming'alu yamkati

• Porosity

• Kuchepetsa mabowo

• Zophatikiza

UT ndiyofunikira pazigawo zodalirika kwambiri muzamlengalenga, nyukiliya, kapena mafuta ndi gasi. Zimathandizira kuzindikirakumveka kwamkatiza zinthuzo musanapange.

Miyezo ikuphatikizapo:

• Chithunzi cha ASTM A388zazitsulo zachitsulo

• SEP 1921kwa zipangizo zamphamvu kwambiri

sakysteelimapanga UT ngati gawo la njira yokhazikika ya QC pamipiringidzo yonse yopangira giredi yopitilira 50 mm m'mimba mwake.

6. Mayeso a Macro ndi Microstructure

Unikani kapangidwe kazinthuzo pogwiritsa ntchito:

• Kuyesa kwa Macroetch: Amawulula mizere yoyenda, tsankho, ming'alu

• Microscopic Analysis: Kukula kwambewu, kuchuluka kwa kuphatikizika, kugawa gawo

Izi ndizofunikira makamaka pazinthu monga zitsulo zopangira zida, pomwe kapangidwe kambewu kakang'ono kamatsimikizira magwiridwe antchito.

Kuyesa kwa etching ndi metallographic kumatsatira miyezo ya ASTM mongaChithunzi cha ASTM E381 or Chithunzi cha ASTM E112.

7. Dimensional and Weight Inspection

Tsimikizirani makulidwe monga:

• Diameter kapena cross-section

• Utali

• Kulemera pa chidutswa kapena pa mita

Gwiritsani ntchito ma caliper, ma micrometer, ndi masikelo oyezera. Kulekerera kuyenera kugwirizana ndi:

• Mtengo wa EN 10060kwa mipiringidzo yozungulira

• Mtengo wa EN 10058za flat bar

• EN 10278kwa mipiringidzo yachitsulo yolondola

Miyezo yolondola ndiyofunikira popanga mafelemu komanso kuwongolera kuchuluka kwazinthu.

8. Ukhondo Wapamtunda ndi Kuwunika kwa Decarburization

Kumaliza pamwamba kuyenera kukhala kopanda:

• Kuchulukirachulukira

• Dzimbiri

• Mafuta ndi mafuta

• Decarburization (kutayika kwa carbon carbon)

Decarburization imatha kuwonedwa kudzera pagawo la metallographic kapena kuyesa kwa spark. Kuchuluka kwa decarburization kumatha kufooketsa pamwamba pa gawo lomaliza.

9. Kutsatiridwa Kwazinthu ndi Kulemba Chizindikiro

Chilichonse chiyenera kukhala ndi:

• Chotsani ma tag kapena zilembo za penti

• Nambala yotentha ndi nambala ya batch

• Barcode kapena QR code (yotsata digito)

Onetsetsani kufufuza kuchokerazopangira zomalizidwa kupangira, makamaka kwa mafakitale ovuta monga mlengalenga, chitetezo, ndi mphamvu.

sakysteelimasunga kutsata kwathunthu kudzera pamakina a barcode, kuphatikiza kwa ERP, ndi zolemba pagulu lililonse la kutentha.

Miyezo Yamagawo Oyang'anira Zopangira Zopangira