Me pēhea te tirotiro i ngā rauemi mata o te hanga: He aratohu katoa

He tukanga hanga konganuku nui te hanga whakarewa e whakamahia ana hei hanga i ngā wāhanga mahi-teitei mō ngā ahumahi pēnei i te rererangi, te motuka, te hinu me te hau, te pūngao, me te mīhini. Ko te mahi me te pono o ngā wāhanga hanga-whakarewa e whakawhirinaki nui ana ki tete kounga o ngā rauemi matae whakamahia ana. Mā te kore e rite te hanganga matū, te ma, te hanganga rānei ka hua ake he hapa i te wā e hanga ana, ka rahua rānei te mahi.

Hei whakarite i te kounga o te hua me te tutuki i ngā paerewa a te kiritaki me te ao, he mea nui kia whakatinanahiate tirotiro me te whakamātautau whānuio te hanga rauemi mata. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka tūhuratia e mātoume pēhea te tirotiro i ngā rauemi mata o te hanga, ngā tikanga matua e whai wāhi ana, ngā paerewa ahumahi, me ngā mahi pai mō te whai i ngā rauemi me te tiwhikete. Ahakoa he kaitirotiro kounga koe, he kaiwhakahaere hoko, he miihini hanga rānei, ma tēnei aratohu koe e āwhina ki te arotau i tō tukanga whakahaere rauemi.

He aha ngā rauemi mata e hanga ana?

Ko ngā rauemi mata hanga e pā ana ki tengā whakaurunga whakarewa—i te nuinga o te wā he mea hanga ki ngā pirepire, ki ngā poro, ki ngā pae, ki ngā putiputi rānei—e whakamahia ana hei hanga i ngā wāhanga hanga. Ka taea ēnei rauemi te:

• maitai waro

• maitai koranu

• Kowiri tira

• Ngā koranu e hangai ana ki te nikara

• Ngā koranu titanium

• Ngā koranu konumohe

Me tutuki i ia rauemi ngā paearu matū, ā-mīhini, me te whakarewa kia angitu ai te hanga me te whai huatanga o te hua.

sakysteele whakarato ana i ngā rauemi mata hanga kounga teitei me ngā tiwhikete mira katoa, te whai i ngā āhuatanga, me te mana whakahaere kounga kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga a te kiritaki puta noa i ngā mākete o te ao.

He aha te hiranga o te tirotiro i ngā rauemi mata?

Mā te tirotiro i ngā rauemi mata o te hanga ka whakarite kia:

• Te kounga me te hanganga tika o ngā rauemi

• Te tutuki i ngā paerewa (ASTM, EN, DIN, JIS)

• Te hauora me te ma o roto

• Te whai i ngā arotake me te manatoko kiritaki

• Te ārai i ngā hapa hanga (ngā pakaru, te porosity, ngā whakaurunga kore-whakarewa)

Ki te kore he arowhai tika, ka nui ake te tūponotanga o ngā hua kāore e tutuki i ngā whakaritenga, ngā raruraru o ngā tukanga, me ngā amuamu a ngā kaihoko.

He Aratohu Hipanga-i-te-Hipanga mō te Tirotiro i ngā Rauemi Mata o te Hanga

1. Manatokohia ngā Tuhinga Hoko me te Tiwhikete Whakamātautau Mira (MTC)

Ko te taahiraa tuatahi ko te manatoko i ngā tuhinga rauemi:

• MTC (Tiwhikete Whakamātautau Mira)Kei roto ko te hanganga matū, ngā āhuatanga miihini, te tūnga maimoatanga wera, me ngā paerewa.

• Momo Tiwhikete: Me whakarite kia tutuki i ngā whakaritengaEN10204 3.1 or 3.2mēnā e hiahiatia ana he manatoko a te hunga tuatoru.

• Tau Wera me te Tau PurangaMe taea te whai i ngā mea tūturu.

sakysteele whakarato ana i ngā rauemi mata hanga katoa me ngā MTC taipitopito me ngā kōwhiringa tirotiro a te hunga tuatoru mō ngā kaupapa nui.

2. Tirotiro Tirohanga

Ina whiwhi koe i ngā rauemi mata, tirohia te āhua o te rauemi hei tautuhi i:

• Ngā hapa o te mata (ngā kapiti, ngā rua, te waikura, te unahi, ngā whakapiringa)

• Te whakapōturi, te piko rānei

• Kāore i oti te tapanga, ngā tohu ngaro rānei

Tohua, ā, wehea ngā rauemi kāore e tutuki i ngā paearu whakaaetia. Mā te tirotiro ā-kanohi ka ārai i ngā whakaurunga hapa kei uru ki te tukanga hanga.

3. Tātaritanga Hanganga Matū

Hei whakarite kia rite te rauemi ki te taumata e hiahiatia ana, me mahitātaritanga hanganga matūmā te whakamahi i:

• Te Tirotiro Tukunga Whatu (OES)Mō te manatoko tere me te tika i te papaanga

• Te Pūorooro Hiko-X (XRF)He pai mō te tautuhi tere i te koranu

• Tātari Matū Mākū: He taipitopito ake, e whakamahia ana mō ngā koranu matatini, mō ngā mahi whakatauira rānei

Ko ngā mea matua hei tirotiro ko:

• Waro, konupūmā, silicon (mō te maitai)

• Konukōmiuma, nikara, moripeneuma (mō ngā maitai kowiri tira me te maitai whakarewa)

• Titanium, konumohe, vanadium (mō ngā koranu Ti)

• Rino, konukura (mō ngā koranu e hangai ana ki te nikara)

Whakatauritehia ngā hua o te whakamātautau ki ngā whakaritenga paerewa pēnei i teASTM A29, ASTM A182, EN 10088 rānei.

4. Whakamātautau Āhuatanga Mīhini

Ko ētahi o ngā mahi hangahanga nui me tirotiro i ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha o te rauemi mata i mua i te tukatuka. Ko ngā whakamātautau noa ko:

• Whakamātautau KumeKaha tuku, kaha kume, roanga

• Whakamātautau PakekeKo Brinell (HB), ko Rockwell (HRB/HRC), ko Vickers rānei (HV)

• Whakamātautau Pānga (Charpy V-notch): Ina koa mō ngā whakamahinga pāmahana iti

He maha ngā wā ka mahia ēnei whakamātautau ki ngā wahi whakamātautau i tangohia mai i te rauemi mata, i runga rānei i te MTC.

5. Whakamātautau Ultrasonic (UT) mō ngā hapa ā-roto

Ko te tirotiro ultrasonic he tikanga kore-whakangaro e whakamahia ana hei kite:

• Ngā kapiti o roto

• Pūngao

• Ngā kōhao whakaheke

• Ngā Whakaurunga

He mea nui te UT mō ngā wāhanga tino pono i roto i ngā rāngai rererangi, karihi, hinu me te hau rānei. Ka āwhina i te whakarite i tete pakari o rotoo te rauemi i mua i te hanga.

Ko ngā paerewa ko:

• ASTM A388mō ngā pae maitai

• Hepetema 1921mō ngā rauemi kaha teitei

sakysteelka whakahaere i te UT hei wāhanga o te tukanga QC paerewa mō ngā pae hanga katoa neke atu i te 50 mm te whānui.

6. Whakamātautau Hanganga Makro me te Hanganga Moroiti

Aromātaihia te hanganga o te rauemi mā te whakamahi i:

• Whakamātautau Macroetch: E whakaatu ana i ngā rārangi rere, te wehewehenga, ngā kapiti

• Tātaritanga MakarohikoRahi o te witi, te whakatauranga whakaurunga, te tohatoha ā-wāhanga

He mea nui rawa tēnei mō ngā rauemi pēnei i ngā maitai taputapu, ina rite te hanganga o te anga ka pai te mahi.

Ko te whakairo me te whakamātautau whakarewa e whai ana i ngā paerewa ASTM pēnei i teASTM E381 or ASTM E112.

7. Tirotiro i ngā Ahu me te Taumaha

Manatokohia ngā inenga pēnei i:

• Te whānui, te wāhanga whakawhiti rānei

• Roa

• Taumaha mō ia wahi, mō ia mita rānei

Whakamahia ngā calipers, ngā micrometers, me ngā pauna pauna. Me tutuki ngā ātete ki:

• EN 10060mō ngā pae porowhita

• EN 10058mō ngā pae papatahi

• EN 10278mō ngā pae maitai tino tika

He mea nui ngā ine tika mō te whakauru i ngā matihao hanga me te whakahaere i te rōrahi rauemi.

8. Te Horoi o te Mata me te Tirotiro i te Whakakore Waro

Me kore te mata o te whakaotinga i ngā mea e whai ake nei:

• Tauine nui rawa

• Waikura

• Hinu me te ngako

• Te tango waro (te ngaronga o te waro mata)

Ka taea te tirotiro i te tango-waro mā te tapahi whakarewa, mā te whakamātautau mura rānei. Ka taea e te tango-waro nui rawa te ngoikore o te mata o te wāhanga whakarewa whakamutunga.

9. Te Aroturuki me te Tohu i ngā Rauemi

Me whai i ia rauemi:

• Ngā tohu tautuhi mārama, ngā tohu peita rānei

• Tau wera me te tau puranga

• Waehere pae, waehere QR rānei (mō te aroturuki mamati)

Me whakarite kia taea te whai i ngā mea mai irauemi mata ki te hanga oti, inā koa mō ngā ahumahi nui pēnei i te rererangi, te ārai, me te pūngao.

sakysteele pupuri ana i te whai i ngā tikanga katoa mā roto i ngā pūnaha waehere pae, te whakaurunga ERP, me te tuhi tuhinga mō ia puranga wera.

Ngā Paerewa Ahumahi mō te Tirotiro Rauemi Mata